Membranes for membrane reactors : preparation, optimization, and selection / edited by Angelo Basile, Fausto Gallucci.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Basile, Angelo (Angelo Bruno)

Gallucci, Fausto

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Membrane reactors.

Physical Description:

xxiv, 615 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, 2011.

Summary:

"Membranes for Membrane Reactors Preparation, Optimization and Selection Editors Angelo Basile Institute of Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy and Fausto Gallucci Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands A membrane reactor is a device for simultaneously performing a reaction and a membrane-based separation in the same physical device. Therefore, the membrane not only plays the role of a separator, but also takes place in the reaction itself. This text covers, in detail, the preparation and characterisation of all types of membranes used in membranes reactors. Each membrane synthesis process used by membranologists is explained by well known scientists in their specific research field. The book opens with an exhaustive review and introduction to membrane reactors, introducing the recent advances in this field. The following chapters concern the preparation of both organic and inorganic, and in both cases, a deep analysis of all the techniques used to prepare membrane are presented and discussed. A brief historical introduction for each technique is also included, followed by a complete description of the technique as well as the main results presented in the international specialized literature. In order to give to the reader a summary look to the overall work, a conclusive chapter is included for collecting all the information presented in the previous chapters. This text is intended for PhD students, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, materials science experts, biologists, researchers and is an ideal resource to those who intend to study and investigate membrane reactors"-- Provided by publisher.

"The discovery of new membrane materials was the key factor for increasing the application of the membrane in the catalysis field"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction

2. Membranes for Membrane Reactors

2.1. Polymeric Membranes

2.2. Inorganic Membranes

2.2.1. Metal Membranes

2.2.2. Ceramic Membranes

2.2.3. Carbon Membranes

2.2.4. Zeolite Membranes

2.3. Membrane Housing

2.4. Membrane Separation Regime

2.4.1. Porous Membrane

2.4.2. Dense Metallic Membranes

3. Salient Features of Membrane Reactors

3.1. Applications of Membrane Reactors

3.2. Advantages of the Membrane Reactors

4. Hydrogen Production by Membrane Reactors

4.1. Methane Steam Reforming

4.2. Dry Reforming of Methane

4.3. Partial Oxidation of Methane

4.4. Water Gas Shift Reaction Performed in Membrane Reactors

4.5. Outlines on Reforming Reactions of Renewable Sources in Membrane Reactors

5. Other Examples of Membrane Reactors

5.1. Zeolite Membrane Reactors

5.2. Fluidised Bed Membrane Reactor

5.3. Perovskite Membrane Reactors

5.4. Hollow Fibre Membrane Reactors

5.5. Catalytic Membrane Reactors

5.6. Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors

6. Membrane Bioreactor

6.1. A Brief History of the MBR Technology Development

6.2. Market Value and Drivers

6.3. Commercially Available MF/UF Membranes for MBR

6.3.1. Membrane Geometry

6.3.2. Mode of Operation: Inside-Out Versus Outside-In-Flow

6.3.3. Membrane Materials and Material Properties

6.3.4. Features of Commercial MBR Technologies

6.4. Advantages of MBR over CAS

6.5. Organics and Nutrients Removal in MBR

6.5.1. Removal of Organic Matter and Suspended Solids

6.5.2. Nutrient Removal

6.6. Recalcitrant Industrial Wastewater Treatment by MBR

6.6.1. Micropollutants

6.6.2. Dye Wastewater

6.6.3. Tannery Wastewater

6.6.4. Landfill Leachate

6.6.5. Oil Contaminated Wastewater

6.6.6. Insight into Recalcitrant Compound Removal in MBR

6.7. Recent Advances in Membrane Bioreactors Design/Operation

6.8. Development Challenges

6.8.1. Membrane Fouling

6.8.2. Pre-Treatment Requirement

6.8.3. Maintaining Membrane Integrity

6.9. Future Research

7. Conclusion

References

1. Microporous Carbon Membranes / Kenji Haraya

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Transport Mechanisms in Carbon Membranes

1.3. Methods for the Preparation of Microporous Carbon Membranes

1.3.1. General Preparation and Characterisation

1.3.2. Classification of Carbon Membranes

1.3.3. The Pyrolysis Process

1.3.4. Pretreatment

1.3.5. Post-Treatment

1.3.6. Polymer Precursors

1.3.7. Adjustments of Pore Structures

1.3.8. Modification of Porous Substrates

1.3.9. Current Status

1.3.10. Mixed-Matrix Carbon Membranes

1.4. Membrane Modules

1.5. Applications of Membranes in Membrane Reactor Processes

1.6. Final Remarks and Conclusions

2. Metallic Membranes by Wire Arc Spraying: Preparation, Characterisation and Applications / Parisa Daraei

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Thermal Spraying

2.2.1. Definition and Types

2.2.2. Applications

2.2.3. Wire Arc Spraying

2.3. Preparation of Membranes

2.3.1. Preparation of Inorganic Membranes Using Thermal Spraying

2.3.2. Preparation of Metallic Membranes Using Wire Arc Spraying

2.3.3. Advantages and Disadvantages

2.4. Characterisation of Prepared Metallic Membrane

2.4.1. Metallographic Tests

2.4.2. Performance

2.5. Applications of Prepared Metallic Membrane

2.5.1. Water Treatment

2.5.2. Gas Purification

2.5.3. Membrane Reactors

2.6. Final Remarks and Conclusions

3. Inorganic Hollow Fibre Membranes for Chemical Reaction / K. Li

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Preparation of Inorganic Hollow Fibre Membranes

3.2.1. Preparation of the Suspension

3.2.2. Preparation of the Membrane Precursors

3.2.3. Calcination

3.3. Coating of Pd/Ag Membranes

3.4. Catalyst Impregnation

3.5. Application in Chemical Reaction

3.6. Final Remarks and Conclusions

4. Metallic Membranes Prepared by Cold Rolling and Diffusion Welding / Silvano Tosti

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Preparation Method

4.2.1. Cold Rolling

4.2.2. Diffusion Welding

4.3. Applications

4.4. Conclusions

References

5. Preparation and Synthesis of Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting Ceramic Membranes for Oxygen Permeation / Ryan O'Hayre

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Preparation of MIEC Ceramic Powders

5.2.1. Conventional Solid-State Reaction

5.2.2. Coprecipitation

5.2.3. Conventional Sol-Gel Method

5.2.4. Polymeric Gelation Method

5.2.5. Hydrothermal Synthesis

5.2.6. Spray Pyrolysis

5.2.7. Combustion Synthesis

5.3. Preparation of MIEC Membranes

5.3.1. Disk-Shaped Configuration

5.3.2. Tubular-Shaped Configuration

5.3.3. Hollow Fibre Membrane

5.3.4. Asymmetric Thin Film

5.4. Example Applications of MIEC Membranes for the Partial Oxidation of Methane

5.4.1. Disk-Shaped Membrane Reactor

5.4.2. Tubular-Shaped Membrane Reactor

5.4.3. Hollow Fibre Membrane Reactor

5.4.4. Asymmetric Membrane Reactor

5.5. Final Remarks and Conclusions

6. Nanostructured Perovskites for the Fabrication of Thin Ceramic Membranes and Related Phenomena / V.A. Sadykov

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Support

6.3. Selection of Ceramics with High Oxygen Mobility

6.4. Synthesis of Ceramics with Required Ts and a High Oxygen Permeability

6.5. Combination of Compatible Materials and Operations

6.6. Design of Catalyst for Selective Reforming of Methane to Syngas

6.7. Conclusion

7. Compact Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Reforming Applications Based on an Integrated Sandwiched Catalyst Layer / Takeo Yamaguchi

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Experimental

7.2.1. Preparation of Silica-Rh-γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Membrane

7.2.2. Preparation of Redox Modified S-RAL Systems

7.2.3. Membrane Reactor

7.3. Results and Discussion

7.3.1. Physical Characteristics

7.3.2. Gas Permeation Properties

7.3.3. Hydrothermal Stability

7.3.4. Reforming of Methane

7.3.5. Stabilisation Effect by CeO2 Incorporation

7.4. Conclusion

8. Zeolite Membrane Reactors / Miguel Menendez

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Zeolite Membrane Preparation Outlines

8.2.1. Support

8.2.2. Zeolite Synthesis by Hydrothermal Synthesis

8.2.3. Seeding

8.2.4. Improvements and Achievements in Synthesis of Zeolite Membranes

8.2.5. Types of Zeolites

8.2.6. Post-Treatment of Zeolite Membranes

8.3. Detailed Preparation Method of a Zeolite Membrane

8.4. Types of Zeolite Membrane Reactors

8.4.1. Equilibrium Displacement

8.4.2. Product Removal (In Non-Equilibrium Limited Reactors)

8.4.3. Reactant Distribution

8.4.4. Catalytic Membrane with Product Removal

8.4.5. Flow-Through Membrane Reactor

8.4.6. Catalytic Membrane Contactor

8.4.7. Catalyst Retention

8.4.8. Encapsulated Catalyst

8.5. Concluding Remarks

9. Metal Supported and Laminated Pd-Based Membranes / Fausto Gallucci

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Preparation Method

9.2.1. Metal Supported Membranes

9.2.2. Laminated Membranes

9.2.3. Non Pd-Based or Low Pd Content-Based Membranes

9.3. Applications

9.4. Conclusions

10. PVD Techniques for Metallic Membrane Reactors / A. Basile

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Physical Vapour Deposition Techniques

10.2.1. Evaporation

10.2.2. Pulsed Laser Deposition

10.2.3. Sputter Deposition

10.3. Pd-Based Metallic Membranes

10.3.1. Hydrogen Permeation Through Metallic Membranes

10.3.2. Requirements for a Pd-Based Membrane

10.3.3. Pd-Based Membranes Prepared by PVD Techniques

10.3.4. Pd-Based Membranes Prepared by NonPVD Techniques

10.4. Conclusions

11. Membranes Prepared via Electroless Plating / A. Basile

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Description of the Electroless Plating Process

11.2.1. Introduction

11.2.2. Cleaning of the Support

11.2.3. Activation of the Support

11.2.4. Palladium Deposition

11.3. Morphology of Palladium Deposits

11.4. Pd-Alloy Preparation

11.5. Membrane Performances and Integration in Membrane Reactors

11.6. Conclusions

12. Silica Membranes

Preparation by Chemical Vapour Deposition and Characteristics / T. Giddings

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Fundamentals of Chemical Vapour Deposition

12.3. CVD Apparatus

12.4. Silica H-Membranes Produced by CVD

12.5. Silica Membrane Structure and Transport Mechanism

12.6. Hydrothermal Stability of Silica Membranes

12.7. Examples of Silica Membrane Application

12.7.1. Dehydrogenation of Light Paraffins

12.7.2. Water Gas Shift Reaction

12.7.3. H2S Decomposition

12.8. Conclusions

13. Membranes Prepared via Molecular Layering Method / G.F. Tereschenko

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Molecular Layering: Principles, Synthesis Possibilities and Fields of Application

13.3. Optimisation of MR Structure and Catalytic Properties by the ML Method

14. Solvated Metal Atoms in the Preparation of Catalytic Membranes / Giovanni Vitulli

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Preparation of Catalytic Membranes

14.2.1. Platinum on γ-Alumina Membranes

14.2.2. Platinum on Silica Membranes

15.4.1. MFI Zeolite Membranes

15.4.2. LTA Zeolite Membranes

15.4.3. Outlook on Zeolite Membranes

15.5. Conclusions

16. Electrochemical Preparation of Nanoparticle Deposits: Application to Membranes and Catalysis / E. Morallon

16.1. Introduction

16.1.1. Principles of Electrochemical Deposition

16.1.2. Choice of Methods and Deposited Metals

16.2. State of the Art

16.2.1. Methodologies for Electrochemical Deposition and Theoretical Models

16.2.2. Supports and Deposited Metals: Membrane Reactors

16.3. Experimental

16.3.1. Instrumentation and Reactants

16.3.2. Procedure

16.3.3. Sample Treatment

16.4. Discussion and Applications

16.4.1. Electrodeposition of Platinum on Carbon Materials

16.4.2. Influence of Metallic Deposits on Zeolite Membrane Preparation

16.5. Conclusions

17. Electrochemical Preparation of Pd Seeds/Inorganic Multilayers on Structured Metallic Fibres / A. Vaccari

17.1. Introduction

17.2. Brief Review on Preparation Method

17.3. Explanation of the Proposed Preparation Method

17.4. Multilayer Preparation on Metal Substrates

17.5. Final Remarks and Conclusion

18. Membranes Prepared Via Spray Pyrolysis / Liejin Guo

18.1. Introduction

18.2. Spray Pyrolysis Material Preparation Method

18.3. Selected Membranes Prepared Via Spray Pyrolysis Coating Method

18.3.1. Pd-Ag Alloy Hydrogen Separation Membrane

18.3.2. Porous TiO2 Membrane

18.3.3. Ionic and Electronic Conductive Membrane in SOFCs

18.4. Catalyst Synthesis and Spread in PEMFC

18.5. Remarks and Perspectives

19. Preparation and Characterisation of Nanocrystalline and Quasicrystalline Alloys by Planar Flow Casting for Metal Membranes / M.A. Gibson

19.1. Introduction

19.2. Properties and Preparation of Nanocrystalline and Quasicrystalline Metals

19.2.1. Properties

19.2.2. Preparation

19.3. Preparation of Nanocrystalline and Quasicrystalline Metal Membranes by Planar Flow Casting

19.4. Nanocrystalline and Quasicrystalline Metal Membranes for Hydrogen Separation

19.4.1. General

19.4.2. Pd-Based Membrane Materials

19.4.3. NonPd-Based Alloy Membrane Materials

19.4.4. Ni-Ti-Nb-Based Alloy Membrane Materials

19.4.5. Ti-Zr-Ni-Based Alloy Membrane Materials

19.5. Concluding Remarks

20. Preparation and Characterisation of Amorphous Alloy Membranes / Akihisa Inoue

20.1. Introduction

20.2. Brief Review of Preparation Methods

20.3. Experimental Procedure

20.3.1. Sample Preparation

20.3.2. Hydrogen Permeability Measurement

20.3.3. Methanol Steam Reforming Experiment

20.4. Hydrogen Permeation of Ni-Nb-Zr Amorphous Alloy Membranes

20.4.1. Hydrogen Permeation

20.4.2. Local Atomic Configuration of the Alloys

20.4.3. Long-Term Durability Tests

20.5. Hydrogen Production by Methanol Steam Reforming Using Melt-Spun Ni-Nb-Ta-Zr-Co Amorphous Alloy Membrane

20.6. Final Remarks and Conclusions

21. Membranes Prepared Via Phase Inversion / E. Drioli

21.1. Introduction

21.2. Brief Review

21.3. Explanation of the Phase Inversion Process

21.4. Some Applications

21.5. Conclusions

22. Porous Flat Sheet, Hollow Fibre and Capsule Membranes by Phase Separation of Polymer Solutions / Heru Susanto

22.1. Introduction

22.2. Porous Polymeric Membranes Classification

22.3. Polymers for Porous Membranes

22.3.1. General Considerations

22.3.2. Key Characteristics

22.4. Polymeric Membrane Preparation Via Phase Separation

22.4.1. TIPS Process

22.4.2. NIPS Process

22.5. Industrial Manufacturing of Porous Polymeric Membranes

22.5.1. Flat Sheet Membranes

22.5.2. Hollow Fiber/Capillary Membranes

22.6. Applications in Membrane Reactor Processes

22.7. Conclusions and Outlook

23. Porous Polymer Membranes by Manufacturing Technologies other than Phase Separation of Polymer Solutions / Heru Susanto

23.1. Introduction

23.2. Technologies Based on Extrusion of Polymer Films

23.2.1. Pore Formation by Film Stretching

23.2.2. Pore Formation by Track Etching

23.2.3. Pore Formation by Foaming

23.3. Electrospinning of Porous Polymer Membranes

23.4. In Situ Polymerisation of Porous Membranes

23.5. Surface and Pore Functionalised Membranes

23.6. Overview on Technical Porous Polymeric Membranes

23.7. Applications in Membrane Reactor Processes

23.8. Conclusions and Outlook

24. Palladium-Loaded Polymeric Membranes for Hydrogenation in Catalytic Membrane Reactors / G.F. Tereshchenko

24.1. Introduction

24.2. Synthesis and Hydrogenation Studies

24.2.1. Dense Catalytic Membranes

24.2.2. Pd-Loaded Gas Separation Membranes

24.2.3. Porous Catalytic Membranes

24.3. Characterisation of Palladium Nanoparticles in Catalytic Membranes

24.4. Kinetic Studies

24.5. Conclusions

25. Membrane Prepared via Plasma Modification / Irena Gancarz

25.1. Introduction

25.2. Membrane Treatment with Microwave Plasma

25.2.1. Membrane Treated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

25.3. Modes of Plasma Use

25.4. Plasma of Nonpolymerisable Gas

25.4.1. Carbon Dioxide Plasma

25.4.2. Case Study on CO2 Plasma Action

25.4.3. Nitrogen Plasma Action

25.4.4. Case Study on Nitrogen Plasma Action

25.4.5. Ammonia Plasma

25.4.6. Case Study on Ammonia Plasma Action

25.4.7. Plasmas of Other Gases

25.4.8. Plasma of Nonpolymerisable Species: Summary

25.5. Plasma of Polymerisable Species

25.5.1. Allyl Alcohol Plasma

25.5.2. Case Study on Plasma Polymerisation of Allyl Alcohol

25.5.3. Amine Plasma

25.5.4. Case Study on Butylamine and Allyloamine Plasma Polymerisation

25.5.5. Acid Plasma

25.5.6. Other Kinds of Plasma

25.5.7. Plasmas of Polymerisable Species: Summary

25.6. Plasma-Induced Grafting

25.6.1. Case Study on Grafting of Acrylic Acid

25.6.2. Plasma Modification of Polymer Membranes: Summary

26. Enzyme-Immobilised Polymer Membranes for Chemical Reactions / Tadashi Uragami

26.1. Introduction

26.2. Brief Review of the Preparation Method of Enzyme-Immobilised Polymer Membranes

26.3. Preparation of Enzyme-Immobilised Polymer Membranes

26.3.1. Immobilisation of Enzymes on Polymer Membranes by Adsorption

26.3.2. Immobilisation of Enzymes in Polymer Membranes by Covalent Binding

26.3.3. Immobilisation of Enzymes in Polymer Membranes by Entrapment

26.3.4. Immobilisation of Enzymes in Polyion Complex Membranes with Entrapment and the Formation of Ion Complexes

26.3.5. Immobilisation of Enzymes in Ultrafiltration Membranes, Microfiltration Membranes, and Hollow Fibre Membranes

26.3.6. Immobilisation of Enzymes in Polymer Membranes by Copolymerisation

26.4. Applications of Enzyme-Immobilised Polymer Membranes as Membrane Reactors

26.4.1. Polymer Membranes with Enzymes Immobilised by Adsorption

26.4.2. Polymer Membranes with Enzymes Immobilised by Covalent Binding

26.4.3. Polymer Membranes with Enzymes Immobilised by Entrapment

26.4.4. Polymer Membrane with Enzymes Immobilised by Entrapment and Ion Complex

26.4.5. Polymer Membranes with Immobilised Enzymes for Ultrafiltration Membranes, Microfiltration Membranes, and Hollow Fibre Membranes

26.4.6. Polymer Membranes with Enzymes Immobilised by Copolymerisation

26.4.7. Industrial Applications

26.5. Final Remarks and Conclusions

Final Remarks / Fausto Gallucci

1. Introduction

2.1. Inorganic Membranes

2.2. Organic Membranes

3. Epilogue

References.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0470746521

9780470746523

OCLC:

671701610

Publisher Number:

99949620905