Human rights, development and decolonization : the International Labour Organization, 1940-70 / Daniel R. Maul.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Maul, Daniel.

Series:

International Labour Organization (ILO) century series.

International Labour Organization (ILO) century series

Language:

English

German

Subjects (All):

International Labour Organisation--History.

International Labour Organisation.

Decolonization.

Human rights.

History.

Physical Description:

xvii, 412 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm.

Place of Publication:

Houndsmill, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Language Note:

Translated from the German.

Summary:

The significance of international organizations as historical actors is one of the least researched aspects of 20th-century history. Daniel Maul's study of the role of the International Labour Organization (ILO) during the core phase of decolonization (1940 to 1970) opens up new perspectives on the topic. Clearly presented, methodologically innovative and based on a wide range of sources, Maul explores the multifarious ways in which the ILO contributed to the debates which accompanied the dissolution of the European colonial empires and the processes of post-colonial nation-building that followed, as a political hub, a forum for debate and an independent actor. Maul takes an innovative look at the history of decolonization, post-colonial nation-building and the enduringly relevant international human rights and development discourses that these processes spawned. Book jacket.

Contents:

Part I "A People's Peace in the Colonies", 1940-47

1 "The Promise of a New Earth to Till": The ILO's Colonial Work in Exile, 1940-43 31

"The time may come shortly": the ILO in exile and the "native labour" issue 31

"Native labour" in exile 33

Tailwind 35

In the shadow of war 36

"A little less anonymity" 39

Securing the colonial contribution to victory: the Atlantic Charter and the ILC in New York, 1941 40

On the side of the Allies 40

The Atlantic Charter and colonial minimum standards 43

The tide turns 47

Colonial depression and the "people's peace" 47

American scare 51

Promises 53

2 A Charter for the Colonies: The Colonies at the Philadelphia Conference, 1944 59

A parallel operation: colonial reforms in the ILO's post-war planning 60

Universalism in a colonial framework 61

Social policy in dependent territories 64

The pillars of the "people's peace" 65

The pitfalls of reform 70

Pious hopes? 73

The ideology of victory: the colonial reforms of Philadelphia 75

The "social conscience of mankind" 75

"Make sure that they too will taste the sweet fruit of victory": colonial reforms in Philadelphia 77

"Nothing can be done about it of course": the colonial powers in Philadelphia 79

Colonial charter or imperialistic stereotype? 82

3 A New World with New Ideas: The ILO and the Quest for a Colonial Post-war Order, 1945-48 86

"This is 1945!" The colonial principles of Philadelphia and the new international order 87

The ILC in Paris, 1945 89

Universalism put to the test: the Social Policy in Dependent Territories (Supplementary Provisions) Recommendation, 1945 91

Paid holiday for the colonies 93

Wage policy 94

Growing impatience 96

The ILO on the side of the West and the completion of the colonial reform programme of 1947 100

Finding a place in the new order 101

The Conventions of 1947 105

Migrant labour 106

Non-discrimination 107

Freedom of association 108

Towards a different ILO: Indian independence and the start of the post-colonial era 111

Representation and regionalization 112

From the colonial economy to underdevelopment: new demands on the ILO 114

Part II The Tools of Progress: The ILO, 1948-60

4 Principled Development: The Beginnings of the Technical Assistance Programme (TAP) 121

David Morse and the origins of the TAP 121

Too much in a groove 121

"Available for maximum cooperation": the ILO and Truman's Point IV Program 125

Acting on poverty's cry: technical assistance for underdeveloped countries 129

"Help them move the ILO way": the ILO's integrated approach to development 131

"Training, training, training" 131

The other side of the coin: technical assistance and standard-setting 133

The democratic road to modernization 136

The successes and limits of the TAP 139

The TAP as a political success story 142

Between the past and the future: the post-colonial face of the TAP 146

Colonial barriers 148

5 At Arm's Length: The ILO and Late Colonial Social Policy 152

The lull after reform: the colonial work of the ILO in the first years under David Morse 152

New initiatives 156

The long road to Africa 160

"Not the slightest inclination of willingness": the debate surrounding an African field office 160

A new drive for change l64

The ILO's arrival in Africa 168

The experts' view: social policy in non-metropolitan territories from the perspective of the COESP, 1951-57 173

"Native" experts or "real" experts: Who should sit on the COESP? 174

The COESP as a voice for the International Labour Office 176

Qualified universalism: the findings of the COESP 179

Migrant labour 179

6 Universal Rights? Standard-Setting against the Backdrop of Late Colonialism, Decolonization and the Cold War 185

The ILO and human rights, 1945-60 186

Human rights and the integrated approach to development 186

Human rights disputes 189

The Penal Sanctions Convention: the last colonial standard 192

The Abolition of Penal Sanctions (Indigenous Workers) Convention, 1955 (No. 104) 194

Discrimination in employment and occupation 197

The Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) 199

Forced labour 202

Attempts to define a "normal" level of coercion: the Mudaliar Committee -J 205

The Ruegger Committee and the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) 208

Freedom of association 211

Failure to overcome the colonial double standard 214

Tripartism under fire 218

Asia as a test case and the "educational approach" 220

Part III A Growing Conflict: Development, Human Rights and Decolonization, 1960-70

7 A New Power: The ILO and the Growing Importance of the Developing World in the 1960s 227

The ILO and the new majorities 228

Pressure to reform 228

Politicization 230

"With us or against us": the ILO's South African crisis of 1963 236

Apartheid under fire 236

The ILO in the balance: the ILC of 1963 238

"Stronger than before": the ILO after the crisis 242

The social side of development: the TAP in the 1960s 245

The ILO and the North-South conflict 245

A social response to the crisis 248

"First attempt at truly world-wide planning": towards a World Employment Programme 250

New avenues for the integrated approach to development 255

8 An Intellectual Fashion: Human Rights Standards as a Barrier to Development? 259

The good society: the ILO's norms after African independence 259

A "question of honour" 259

Development as a state of emergency 261

The development offensive and coercion: the African youth labour service conflict 264

Standards or development? The Office divided 268

A positive concept of free labour 272

"Harsh realities": Freedom of association after independence 273

The ILO and the African trade union movement 273

Pandora's box: tripartism under renewed fire 278.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780230343627

0230343627

OCLC:

748328706