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The American culture of war : the history of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom / Adrian R. Lewis.
LIBRA UA23 .L522 2012
Available from offsite location
- Format:
- Book
- Author/Creator:
- Lewis, Adrian R.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- National security.
- Public opinion.
- Armed Forces.
- Weapons systems.
- Evaluation.
- Strategic culture.
- United States--Military policy.
- United States.
- Military policy.
- Strategic culture--United States.
- United States--History, Military--20th century.
- History, Military.
- United States--History, Military--21st century.
- United States--Armed Forces--Weapons systems--Evaluation.
- National security--United States--Public opinion.
- Public opinion--United States.
- Physical Description:
- xx, 566 pages : illustrations, maps ; 26 cm
- Other Title:
- History of U.S. military force from World War II to Operation Enduring Freedom
- Place of Publication:
- New York : Routledge, 2012.
- Summary:
- The American Culture of War presents a sweeping critical examination of every major American war since 1941: the Second World War, Korea, Vietnam, and the First and Second Persian Gulf Wars, including the current war in Afghanistan. As he carefully considers the cultural forces that surrounded each military engagement, Adrian Lewis offers an original and provocative look at the motives people and governments used to wage war, the discord among military personnel, the flawed political policies that guided military strategy, and the civilian perceptions that characterized each conflict. With each chapter similarly structured to allow the reader to draw parallels between the wars, Lewis deftly traces the evolution of US military strategy since the Second World War. Timely, incisive, and comprehensive, and completely updated for the second edition, including five new chapters, The American Culture of War is a unique and invaluable survey of over sixty years of American military history. For additional information and classroom resources please visit The American Culture of War companion website at www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415979757.
- Contents:
- Part I Tradition and the Envisioned Future Collide 7
- 1 Culture, Genes, and War 9
- Culture 10
- Axioms of Cultural Theory 14
- Genes and Culture 18
- War and Human Nature 22
- 2 Traditional American Thinking About the Conduct of War 24
- Traditional Practices No Longer Worked 24
- The Culture of Equality of Sacrifice 27
- The Culture of Inequality of Outcome 31
- The Culture of Wealth and Consumption 32
- The Culture of Science and Technology 35
- Tenets of American Culture 37
- 3 The Legacy of World War II: Man versus Machine 40
- WWII Air War Doctrine vs. WWII Ground War Doctrine 41
- The Army's Practice of War 42
- Airpower: A New Practice of War 48
- The Navy and Marine Corps 59
- 4 Truman, the Cold War, and the Creation of a New National Military Establishment, 1945-1950 65
- Truman, the Policy of Containment, and National Strategy 66
- Strategic Airpower and National Military Strategy 72
- Army Opposition 81
- 5 The Korean War, The Opening Phases, 1950-1951 85
- The Korean War 86
- The Opening Phase: Walker's Battle for Pusan 92
- The Inchon Landing 98
- Crossing the 38th Parallel and the Chinese Intervention 103
- Ridgway Takes Command: The Ground War 108
- 6 The Korean War, The Final Phases, 1951-1953 117
- The Air War 119
- Censorship, the Media, and Public Opinion 125
- The Relief of General Douglas MacArthur 129
- New Personnel Policies: The Results of Transformation 132
- The Final Phase of the War: Defensive War of Attrition 142
- Part II The Effort to Adapt 149
- 7 Eisenhower, the Cold War, and Massive Retaliation, 1953-1960 151
- Eisenhower's Vision of War: The New Look 152
- The Army's Fight against the New Look and the Doctrine of Massive Retaliation 156
- The Chaotic Array of Nuclear Technologies 166
- 8 The New National Military Command Structure, Civil-Military Relations, and the Growth of Militarism, 1945-1975 171
- The National Military Command Structure 173
- Civil-Military Relations: Conflicting Loyalties 184
- The Iron Triangle and the Growth of Militarism 193
- 9 Kennedy, McNamara, and Artificial Limited War, 1961-1963 199
- Theories of Artificial Limited War 201
- Kennedy: The Adoption of New Doctrines for War 208
- Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara 210
- McNamara's Reorganization of the Army 216
- Army Aviation: the Helicopter 218
- Communist Revolutionary War Doctrine and Army Counter-Revolutionary War Doctrine 221
- 10 The Vietnam War, The Opening Phases, 1955-1967 228
- Geography and Strategy 229
- The Vietnam War: Explaining American Involvement 231
- The Advisory Phase 235
- Johnson and the Americanization Phase 239
- The Air War: Graduated Response 241
- The Ground War: The Marine Corps vs. The Army 249
- 11 The Vietnam War, The Final Phases, 1967-1975 262
- Censorship, the Media, and Public Opinion 263
- New Personnel Policies: The Result of Transformation 265
- McNamara Changes Course 274
- The Tet Offensive 276
- Nixon and the Vietnamization Phase 280
- 12 The Recovery and Reorganization of the Armed Forces of the United States, 1975-1990 289
- The "Revolution" in Strategic Bombing Doctrine 290
- To Rebuild an Army: Back to the Future 294
- The Marine Corps's "New" Maneuver Warfare Doctrine 298
- The Weinberger Strategic Doctrine: No More Graduated Response 300
- The Goldwater Nichols Act: More Revision to the National Command Structure 302
- Part III The New American Practice of War 309
- 13 The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Shield, 1990-1991 311
- Saddam Hussein's Decision to Invade Kuwait 312
- The Iraqi Army: Too Much Respect and Awe 315
- Bush's War, or America's War? 318
- Operation Desert Shield/Storm: Theater Strategy 321
- 14 The Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm, 1991 331
- The Air War 332
- The Ground War 339
- Military Victory and Political Failure 357
- The Media and Public Opinion 361
- The Verdict 363
- 15 The New American Practice of War: War Without the People 366
- War Without the People: The Clustering of America 368
- Civil-Military Relations: Who's in Charge? 373
- The Revolution in Military Affairs 376
- Jointness and Force Structure 383
- 16 The Global War on Terrorism and The War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-2011 391
- Al-Qaeda vs. The Bush Administration 392
- Terrorism and Counterterrorism 395
- The Response: The GWOT and Bush Doctrine of Preemptive War 398
- The War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001-2008 404
- Obama's War in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 2008-2011 412
- 17 The Second Persian Gulf War: Operation Iraqi Freedom I, The Conventional War, 2003 421
- The Arguments and Decision for War 422
- Operational Doctrine: Shock and Awe 431
- Theater Strategy: Franks vs. Rumsfeld 433
- Opposing Forces 438
- The Air War 441
- The Ground War 443
- 18 The Second Persian Gulf War: Operation Iraqi Freedom II, The Counterinsurgency War, 2003-2010 454
- The Media, Public Opinion, and War 457
- What Went Wrong: The Insurgency War 461
- The Multi-National Force-Iraq: New Leadership, New Strategy, New Commitment 467
- The New Way Forward: New Strategy, Leadership, Doctrine, and Tactics 473
- Rumsfeld's War 482
- 19 The American Culture of War and the Future of Warfare 485
- The American Culture of War 486
- The Future of Warfare 494.
- Notes:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- ISBN:
- 9780415890205
- 0415890209
- 9780415890199
- 0415890195
- OCLC:
- 754518643
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