Fundamentals of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites / Gary W. Beall, Clois E. Powell.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Beall, Gary W..

Powell, Clois E. (Clois Elbert), 1944-

Series:

Cambridge books online.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanocomposites (Materials).

Polymer clay.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (194 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2011.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

PDF

Summary:

Written for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners, Fundamentals of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites provides a complete introduction to the science, engineering, and commercial applications of this new class of material.

starting with a discussion of general concepts, the authors define in detail the specific terms used in the field, providing newcomers with a strong foundation to the area. From this, the physical and mechanical properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites are described, with chapters on thermodynamics and kinetics, engineering properties, barrier properties, and flame retardancy. Mechanisms underpinning observed effects, such as uv resistance, solvent resistance, and hardness, are also explained. Throughout each chapter, experimental results are combined with theory, ensuringthe reader gains a full appreciation of the subject matter.

In-depth discussions of clay and clay surface treatment, fabrication, and characterization of nanocomposites are provided, and particuiaremphasis is placed on the proper use and interpretation of analytical techniques, helpingthe reader to avoid artifacts in their own work, with commercial applications discussed throughout, this is an ideal reference forthose working in polymer science. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of polymer-clay nanocomposites 4

2.1 Clay surface compatibility with polymers 4

2.1.1 Smectite clay structure 4

2.1.2 Turbostratic nature of smectite clays 6

2.1.3 Intercalation chemistry 8

2.1.4 Intercalation of water-soluble polymers 9

2.1.5 Hydrophobic intercalation 12

2.1.6 Intercalation via ion exchange 12

2.1.7 Alternative intercalation chemistries 13

2.1.8 Intercalation via ion-dipole bonding 13

2.1.9 Hydrophobic polymer intercalation 16

2.1.10 Edge treatment with silane coupling agents 17

2.2 Thermodynamics of polymer-clay interactions 17

2.2.1 The enthalpic role in exfoliation 17

2.2.2 The entropic role in exfoliation 19

2.2.3 Kinetics of intercalation-exfoliation 19

References 20

3 Analytical methods utilized in nanocomposites 23

3.1 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 23

3.2 Transmission electron microscopy (Tem) 27

3.3 Scanning electron microscopy (Sem) 31

3.4 Atomic force microscopy (Afm) 32

3.5 Indirect methods 32

References 33

4 Gas diffusion characteristics of polymer-clay nanocomposites 35

4.1 Potential of polymer-clay nanocomposites as barrier materials 35

4.2 Models for gas transport in polymer-clay nanocomposites 36

4.2.1 The tortuous path model for barrier in nanocomposites 36

4.2.2 Experimental data on nanocomposite barrier performance 38

4.2.3 Data supporting the constrained polymer model 44

References 46

5 Engineering properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites theory and theory validation 49

5.1 Mechanics 49

5.2 Proper preparation and analysis of polymer-clay nanocomposites 50

5.3 Theory of anisotropic dispersed-phase reinforcement of polymers 51

5.4 Genesis: anisotropic dispersed-phase reinforcement of metal alloys 51

5.5 Transition from anisotropic dispersed-phase reinforcement in metal alloys to anisotropic dispersed-phase reinforcement in polymers 53

5.6 Validation of the morphology of montmorillonite as anisotropic dispersed-phase reinforcement in polymers 55

5.7 Refinement of the mechanism of montmorillonite reinforcement of polymers 58

5.8 Conclusions 63

References 66

6 Variables associated with polymer-clay processing in relation to reinforcement theory 68

6.1 The polymer as a significant independent variable in the mechanical performance of polymer-clay nanocomposites 68

6.2 Processing as a significant independent variable for polymer-clay nanocomposite preparation 71

6.3 Hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the surface of montmorillonite as a significant independent variable for polymer-clay nanocomposite preparation 74

6.4 Examination of the historical revelation of polymer-clay nanotechnology 78

6.5 Examination of polymer-clay composites with complex processing issues 83

6.6 Polymer chain engineering in relation to montmorillonite incorporation as a nanoparticle 86

6.7 Conclusions 90

7 The relationships of polymer type specificity to the production of polymer-clay nanocomposites 95

7.1 Complexity of polyolefin-montmorillonite nanocomposites 95

7.2 Difficulties associated with the preparation of polyimide-clay nanocomposites 121

7.3 The conundrum of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites 124

7.4 Mysteries associated with elastomer-clay nanocomposites 130

7.5 Dichotomy of crystalline and amorphous polyester-clay nanocornposites 135

7.6 Two-phase engineered polymer (polyurethane) synergy with clay nanocrnposite reinforcement 140

7.7 Elastomers that crosslink with clay nanocomposite reinforcement 145

7.8 Conclusions 149

References 151

8 Flame retardancy 156

8.1 Enhanced thermal stability provided by polymer-clay nanocomposites 156

8.2 Relationships between enhanced thermal stability of polymer-clay nanocomposites and flame retardancy 165

8.3 Evaluations of potential synergies between traditional flame retardants for polymers and polymer-clay nanocomposites 174

8.4 Summary and conclusions 177

References 178.

Notes:

Title from publishers bibliographic system (viewed on 02 Mar 2012).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9780511977312

9780521876438

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Restricted for use by site license.