Atmospheric Thermodynamics : Elementary Physics and Chemistry / Gerald R. North, Tatiana L. Erukhimova.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

North, Gerald R.

Erukhimova, Tatiana L.

Series:

Cambridge books online.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Atmospheric thermodynamics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (280 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2009.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

PDF

Summary:

This textbook presents a uniquely integrated approach in linking both physics and chemistry to the study of atmospheric thermodynamics.

The book begins by explaining the classical laws of thermodynamics, and discusses Gibbs energy and the elementary kinetic theory of gases with special applications to the atmosphere. Individual chapters focus on various fluid systems, including vapor pressure over flat and curved surfaces of pure liquids and solutions, and examine the vertical dependence of temperature and pressure for environmental sounding and moving air parcels. Recognizing the increasing importance of chemistry in the meteorological and climate sciences, a chapter is devoted to chemical thermodynamics and contains an overview of photochemistry.

Although students are expected to have some background knowledge of calculus, general chemistry, and classical physics, the book provides set-aside refresher boxes as useful reminders. It contains over 100 diagrams and graphs to supplement the discussions. It also contains a similar number of worked examples and exercises, with solutions included at the end of the book. It is ideal for a single-semester advanced course on atmospheric thermodynamics, and will prepare students for higher-level synoptic and dynamics courses.

Contents:

1 Introductory concepts 1

1.1 Units 2

1.2 Earth, weight and mass 3

1.3 Systems and equilibrium 7

1.4 Constraints 12

1.5 Intensive and extensive quantities 13

1.6 System boundaries 14

1.7 Thermodynamics and atmospheric science 16

Notes 17

Notation and abbreviations 18

Problems 18

2 Gases 20

2.1 Ideal gas basics 20

2.2 Distribution of velocities 29

2.3 Flux of molecules striking a wall 35

2.4 Moles, etc. 36

2.5 Dalton's Law 39

Notes 41

Notation and abbreviations 41

Problems 42

3 The First Law of Thermodynamics 44

3.1 Reversible and irreversible work 47

3.2 Heating a system 48

3.3 Ideal gas results 51

3.4 Enthalpy 61

3.5 Standard enthalpy of fusion and vaporization 63

Notes 65

Notation and abbreviations 65

Problems 66

4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 69

4.1 Entropy 73

4.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 76

4.3 Systems and reversibility 77

4.4 Additivity of entropy 78

4.5 Extremum principle 82

4.6 Entropy summary 87

4.7 Criteria for equilibrium 88

4.8 Gibbs energy 89

4.9 Multiple components 93

Notes 95

Notation and abbreviations 96

Problems 96

5 Air and water 99

5.1 Vapor pressure 99

5.2 Saturation vapor pressure 102

5.3 Van der Waals equation 103

5.4 Multiple phase systems 105

5.5 Phase boundaries 107

5.6 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 109

5.7 Integration of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation 110

5.8 Mixing air and water 112

5.9 Wet-bulb temperature, LCL 117

5.10 Equilibrium vapor pressure over a curved surface 121

5.11 Isobaric mixing of air parcels 130

Notes 131

Notation and abbreviations 131

Problems 132

6 Profiles of the atmosphere 134

6.1 Pressure versus height 134

6.2 Slope of the dry adiabat 138

6.3 Geopotential height and thickness 141

6.4 Archimedes' Principle 143

6.5 Stability 145

6.6 Vertical oscillations 147

6.7 Where is the LCL? 149

6.8 Slope of a moist adiabat 152

6.9 Lifting moist air 154

6.10 Moist static energy 158

6.11 Profiles of well-mixed layers 158

Notes 161

Notation and abbreviations 161

Problems 162

7 Thermodynamic charts 163

7.1 Areas and energy 164

7.2 Skew T diagram 166

7.3 Chart exercises 170

7.4 Stability problem: example sounding 178

7.5 Convective available potential energy (CAPE) 181

Notation and abbreviations 186

Problems 186

8 Thermochemistry 191

8.1 Standard enthalpy of formation 192

8.2 Photochemistry 194

8.3 Gibbs energy for chemical reactions 199

8.4 Elementary kinetics 201

8.5 Equilibrium constant 206

8.6 Solutions 211

Notes 217

Notation and abbreviations 217

Problems 218

9 The Thermodynamic equation 220

9.1 Scalar and vector fields 225

9.2 Pressure gradient force 228

9.3 Surface integrals and flux 230

9.4 Conduction of heat 232

9.5 Two-dimensional divergence 234

9.6 Three-dimensional divergence 237

9.7 Divergence theorem 239

9.8 Continuity equation 240

9.9 Material derivative 242

9.10 Thermodynamic equation 243

9.11 Potential temperature form 245

9.12 Contributions to DQ$$/Dt 245

Notes 246

Notation and abbreviations 246

Problems 247.

Notes:

Title from publishers bibliographic system (viewed on 02 Mar 2012).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9780511609695

9780521899635

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.