Guide to process based modeling of lakes and coastal seas / Anders Omstedt.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Omstedt, Anders.

Contributor:

Class of 1932 Fund.

Series:

Springer-Praxis books in geophysical sciences

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hydrodynamics--Mathematical models--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Hydrodynamics.

Hydrodynamics--Computer programs--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Bodies of water--Mathematical models--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Bodies of water.

Mathematical models.

Hydrodynamics--Computer programs.

Hydrodynamics--Mathematical models.

Genre:

Handbooks and manuals.

Physical Description:

xx, 258 pages : illustrations (some color), map ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Heidelberg ; New York : Springer, [2011]

Summary:

The use of computational fluid dynamics to analyze and predict changes in the environment has increased considerably during the past decades. Numerical models are now standard tools in research and in a wide range of applications.

This unique book will stimulate students and researchers to develop their modeling skills and make model codes and data transparent to other research groups. The book uses the general equation solver PROBE to introduce process oriented numerical modeling and to build understanding of the subject step by step. PROBE is a general equation solver for one-dimensional transient, or two-dimensional steady, boundary layers. By the construction of nets of sub-basins the book illustrates how the process based modeling can be extended, complementing three-dimensional modeling. The equation solver has been used in many applications, particularly in Sweden and Finland with their numerous lakes, archipelago seas, fjords, and coastal zones. It has also been used for process studies in the Arctic and in the Mediterranean Sea and the approach is general for applications in many other environmental applications.

Guide to Process Based Modeling of Lakes and Coastal Seas

is a unique teaching tool for systematic learning of aquatic modeling;

introduces aquatic numerical modeling using a process based approach;

enables the thorough understanding of the physics and biogeochemistry of lakes and coastal seas;

provides software, datasets, arid algorithms needed to reproduce all calculations and results in the book;

provides a number of creative and stimulating exercises;

is a good basis for learning Earth System Sciences. Book jacket.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

2 Background physics and biogeochemistry 7

2.1 Conservation principles and governing equations 7

2.2 Physical aspects 8

2.3 Simplifications 9

2.4 Water masses and water pools 14

2.5 Strait flows 17

2.6 Turbulence 19

2.7 Water and salt balances 20

2.8 Heat balance 21

2.9 Nutrient balances and primary production 23

2.10 Acid-base (pH) balance 26

2.11 Some comments related to climate change 29

3 Physical aspects 37

3.1 Introduction 37

3.2 Turbulence, numerical methods, and programs 38

3.3 Modeling the Ekman ocean boundary layer 41

3.3.1 Introduction 41

3.3.2 Mathematical formulation 41

3.3.3 Details of calculations 44

3.3.4 Results 44

3.3.5 Discussion 46

3.4 Modeling shallow and deep lakes 46

3.4.1 Introduction 46

3.4.2 Mathematical formulation 47

3.4.3 Details of calculations 48

3.4.4 Results 48

3.4.5 Discussion 50

3.5 Modeling the Ekman ocean boundary layer influenced by temperature and salinity 50

3.5.1 Introduction 50

3.5.2 Mathematical formulation 50

3.5.3 Details of calculations 53

3.5.4 Results 53

3.5.5 Discussion 56

3.6 Modeling an ice-covered ocean boundary layer 57

3.6.1 Introduction 57

3.6.2 Mathematical formulation 58

3.6.3 Details of calculations 60

3.6.4 Results 60

3.6.5 Discussion 61

3.7 Modeling turbulence in the upper layers of the ocean 62

3.7.1 Introduction 62

3.7.2 Mathematical formulation 62

3.7.3 Details of calculations 64

3.7.4 Results 64

3.7.5 Discussion 65

3.8 Modeling tidal dynamics in the ocean 67

3.8.1 Introduction 67

3.8.2 Mathematical formulation 67

3.8.3 Details of calculations 68

3.8.4 Results 69

3.8.5 Discussion 69

4 Biogeochemical aspects 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Basic equations, stoichiometrics, and unit transformations 72

4.3 Modeling the dynamics of oxygen 75

4.3.1 Introduction 75

4.3.2 Mathematical formulation 75

4.3.3 Details of calculations 76

4.3.4 Results 76

4.3.5 Discussion 78

4.4 Modeling plankton growth/decay 78

4.4.1 Introduction 78

4.4.2 Mathematical formulation 78

4.4.3 Details of calculations 80

4.4.4 Results 80

4.4.5 Discussion 81

4.5 Modeling the dynamics of nutrients 82

4.5.1 Introduction 82

4.5.2 Mathematical formulation 83

4.5.3 Details of calculations 84

4.5.4 Results 84

4.5.5 Discussion 86

4.6 Modeling dissolved inorganic carbon 86

4.6.1 Introduction 86

4.6.2 Mathematical formulation 89

4.6.3 Details of calculations 91

4.6.4 Results 91

4.6.5 Discussion 92

4.7 Modeling the dynamics of plankton, oxygen, and carbon 93

4.7.1 Introduction 93

4.7.2 Mathematical formulation 93

4.7.3 Details of calculations 95

4.7.4 Results 95

4.7.5 Discussion 97

5 Construction of nets of sub-basins 99

5.1 Modeling two-coupled sub-basins 99

5.1.1 Introduction 99

5.1.2 Mathematical formulation 99

5.1.3 Details of calculations 101

5.1.4 Results 101

5.1.5 Discussion 103

5.2 The PROBE-Baltic model system: Physical aspects 103

5.2.1 Introduction 103

5.2.2 Mathematical formulation 106

5.2.3 Details of calculations 108

5.2.4 Results 109

5.2.5 Discussion 111

5.3 The PROBE-Baltic model system: Oxygen aspects 112

5.3.1 Introduction 112

5.3.2 Mathematical formulation 113

5.3.3 Details of calculations 113

5.3.4 Results 114

5.3.5 Discussion 114

5.4 The PROBE-Baltic model system: Biogeochemical aspects 116

5.4.1 Introduction 116

5.4.2 Mathematical formulation 117

5.4.3 Details of calculations 117

5.4.4 Results 118

5.4.5 Discussion 121

6 Solutions manual 123

6.1 Solutions to exercises in Chapter 2 123

6.2 Solutions to exercises in Chapter 3 136

6.3 Solutions to exercises in Chapter 4 145

6.4 Solutions to exercises in Chapter 5 152

7 Summary and conclusions 165.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Class of 1932 Fund.

ISBN:

3642177271

9783642177279

OCLC:

706784639

Publisher Number:

99944055832