Model driven engineering and ontology development / Dragan Gašević, Dragan Djurić, Vladan Devedžić ; foreword to second edition by Jean Bézivin.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Gašević, Dragan.

Contributor:

Djurić, Dragan.

Devedzic, Vladan.

Gašević, Dragan.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Computer software--Development.

Computer software.

Model-driven software architecture.

Physical Description:

xxi, 378 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Dordrecht ; New York : Springer, [2009]

Summary:

Defining a formal domain ontology is generally considered a useful, not to say necessary step in almost every software project. This is because software deals with ideas rather than with self-evident physical artefacts. However, this development step is hardly ever done, as ontologies rely on well-defined and semantically powerful Al concepts such as description logics or rule-based systems, and most software engineers are largely unfamiliar with these.

Gašević and his co-authors try to fill this gap by detailing how to use model-driven engineering for ontology development on the Semantic Web. Part I of their book describes existing technologies, tools, and standards like XML, RDF, OWL, MDA, and UML. Part II presents the first detailed description of OMG's new ODM (Ontology Definition Metamodel) initiative, a specification which is expected to be in the form of an OMG language like UML. Finally, Part III is dedicated to applications and practical aspects of developing ontologies using MDA-based languages.

For this second edition, the descriptions of the related standards (like MOF, ODM, OCL, and OWL) have been revised and updated; new chapters introducing the basic principles of model-driven engineering, recent research results on metamodeling Semantic Web rule languages, an introduction to the Atlas Transformation Language (ATL) and its tool support, and, last but not least, many new examples have been added.

Contents:

Part I Basics

1 Knowledge Representation 3

1.1 Basic Concepts 4

1.2 Cognitive Science 7

1.3 Types of Human Knowledge 11

1.4 Knowledge Representation Techniques 14

1.4.1 Object-Attribute-Value Triplets 15

1.4.2 Uncertain Facts 15

1.4.3 Fuzzy Facts 16

1.4.4 Rules 16

1.4.5 Semantic Networks 17

1.4.6 Frames 18

1.5 Knowledge Representation Languages 19

1.5.1 Logic-Based Representation Languages 20

1.5.2 Frame-Based Representation Languages 27

1.5.3 Rule-Based Representation Languages 29

1.5.4 Visual Languages for Knowledge Representation 32

1.5.5 Natural Languages and Knowledge Representation 35

1.6 Knowledge Engineering 36

1.7 Open Knowledge Base Connectivity (OKBC) 38

1.8 The Knowledge Level 41

2 Ontologies 45

2.1 Basic Concepts 46

2.1.1 Definitions 46

2.1.2 What Do Ontologies Look Like? 48

2.1.3 Why Ontologies? 50

2.1.4 Key Application Areas 55

2.1.5 Examples 57

2.2 Ontological Engineering 59

2.2.1 Ontology Development Tools 59

2.2.2 Ontology Development Methodologies 66

2.3 Applications 72

2.3.1 Magpie 73

2.3.2 Briefing Associate 74

2.3.3 Quickstep and Foxtrot 75

2.4 Advanced Topics 76

2.4.1 Metadata, Metamodeling, and Ontologies 76

2.4.2 Standard Upper Ontology 77

2.4.3 Ontological Level 80

3 The Semantic Web 81

3.1 Rationale 82

3.2 Semantic Web Languages 83

3.2.1 XML and XML Schema 85

3.2.2 RDF and RDF Schema 87

3.2.3 DAML+OIL 90

3.2.4 OWL 93

3.2.5 SPARQL 95

3.2.6 GRDDL 98

3.2.7 RDFa 100

3.2.8 SKOS 103

3.3 The Role of Ontologies 105

3.4 Semantic Markup 107

3.5 Development Frameworks 110

3.6 Reasoning 113

3.7 Semantic Web Services 116

3.8 Open Issues 121

3.9 Quotations 124

4 Model Driven Engineering 125

4.1 Models and Metamodels 125

4.1.1 Models in General 126

4.1.2 Model-Driven Engineering Theory 126

4.2 Types of Software Models 132

4.3 The Model Driven Architecture 133

4.4 Metamodeling Languages 135

4.4.1 The Meta-Object Facility 136

4.4.2 Ecore Metamodeling Language 138

4.5 Standardized MDA Metamodels 140

4.5.1 Unified Modeling Language 140

4.5.2 Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM) 141

4.5.3 Ontology Definition Metamodel 143

4.6 UML Profiles 143

4.6.1 Basics of UML Profiles 143

4.6.2 Examples of UML Profiles 145

4.7 Model Transformations 147

4.7.1 Definitions 147

4.7.2 Classification of Model Transformation Languages 148

4.7.3 Model Transformation Languages 149

4.7.4 Model Transformation Tools and Implementations 150

4.8 Object Constraint Language 151

4.9 An XML for Sharing MDA Artifacts 152

4.10 The Need for Modeling Spaces 154

5 Modeling Spaces 157

5.1 Modeling the Real World 158

5.2 The Real World, Models, and Metamodels 159

5.3 The Essentials of Modeling Spaces 161

5.4 Modeling Spaces Illuminated 164

5.5 Modeling Spaces Applied 167

5.6 A Touch of RDF(S) and MOF Modeling Spaces 169

5.7 A Touch of the Semantic Web and MDA Technical Spaces 171

5.8 Instead of Conclusions 173

Part II Model Driven Engineering and Ontologies

6 Software Engineering Approaches to Ontology Development 177

6.1 A Brief History of Ontology Modeling 177

6.1.1 Networked Knowledge Representation and Exchange Using UML and RDF 177

6.1.2 Extending the Unified Modeling Language for Ontology Development 182

6.1.3 The Unified Ontology Language 187

6.1.4 UML for the Semantic Web: Transformation-Based Approach 188

6.1.5 The AIFB OWL DL Metamodel 191

6.1.6 NeOn Metamodels for the Semantic Web 192

6.1.7 The GOOD OLD AI ODM Proposal 193

6.2 Ontology Development Tools Based on Software Engineering Techniques 193

6.2.1 Protǧ̌ 194

6.2.2 DUET (DAML UML Enhanced Tool) 197

6.2.3 An Ontology Tool for IBM Rational Rose UML Models 198

6.2.4 Visual Ontology Modeler (VOM) 200

6.3 Summary of Relations Between UML and Ontologies 201

6.3.1 Summary of Approaches and Tools for Software Engineering-Based Ontology Development 202

6.3.2 Summary of Differences Between UML and Ontology Languages 202

6.3.3 Future Development 205

7 The MDA-Based Ontology Infrastructure 207

7.1 Motivation 207

7.2 Overview 208

7.3 Bridging RDF(S) and MOF 211

7.4 Design Rationale for the Ontology UML Profile 213

8 The Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM) 215

8.1 ODM Metamodels 215

8.2 A Few Objections to the ODM Specification 217

8.3 The Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS) Metamodel 219

8.4 The Web Ontology Language (OWL) Metamodel 225

9 The Ontology UML Profile 235

9.1 Classes and Individuals in Ontologies 235

9.2 Properties of Ontologies 238

9.3 Statements 240

9.4 Different Versions of the Ontology UML Profile 241

10 Mappings of MDA-Based Languages and Ontologies 245

10.1 Relations Between Modeling Spaces 245

10.2 Transformations Between Modeling Spaces 248

10.3 Example of an Implementation: An XSLT-Based Approach 252

10.3.1 Implementation Details 253

10.3.2 Transformation Example 254

10.3.3 Practical Experience 257

10.3.4 Discussion 260

Part III Applications

11 Modeling Tools and Ontology Development 265

11.1 MagicDraw 266

11.1.1 Starting with MagicDraw 266

11.1.2 Things You Should Know when Working with UML Profiles 268

11.1.3 Creating a New Ontology 270

11.1.4 Working with Ontology Classes 273

11.1.5 Working with Ontology Properties 276

11.1.6 Working with Individuals 280

11.1.7 Working with Statements 282

11.2 Poseidon for UML 283

11.2.1 Modeling Ontology Classes in Poseidon 285

11.2.2 Modeling Ontology Individuals and Statements in Poseidon 286

11.3 Sharing Models Between UML Tools and Protege 287

11.4 Atlas Transformation Language 291

11.4.1 Basics 291

11.4.2 ATL Integrated Development Environment 292

11.4.3 Support for Technical Spaces 293

11.4.4 ATL for Transforming Between ODM and UML 294

12 An MDA Based Ontology Platform: AIR 299

12.1 Motivation 299

12.2 The Basic Idea 300

12.3 Metamodel-the Conceptual Building Block of AIR 302

12.4 The AIR Metadata Repository 303

12.5 The AIR Workbench 306

12.6 The Role of XML Technologies 308

12.7 Possibilities 309

13 Examples of Ontology 311

13.1 Petri Net Ontology 311

13.1.1 Organization of the Petri Net Ontology 313

13.1.2 The Core Petri Net Ontology in the Ontology UML Profile 316

13.1.3 An Extension Example: Upgraded Petri Nets 319

13.2 Educational Ontologies 322

13.2.1 Conceptual Solution 323

13.2.2 Mapping the Conceptual Model to Ontologies 325

14 Beyond the Ontology Definition Metamodel: Applications 335

14.1 Integrated Ontology Development Toolkit 335

14.2 TwoUse: UML and OWL Modeling 338

14.3 Model Driven Engineering of Ontology Reasoners 341

14.4 Model Driven Engineering and Semantic Web Rules 345.

Notes:

Rev. ed. of: Model driven architecture and ontology development. c2006.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Related Work:

Gašević, Dragan. Model driven architecture and ontology development.

ISBN:

9783642002816

3642002811

9783642002823

364200282X

OCLC:

318673819

Publisher Number:

99939196637