Optical generation and control of quantum coherence in semiconductor nanostructures / edited by Gabriela Slavcheva, Philippe Roussignol.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Slavcheva, Gabriela.

Roussignol, Philippe.

Series:

Nanoscience and technology

Nanoscience and technology, 1434-4904

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Coherence (Nuclear physics).

Quantum optics.

Nanostructured materials.

Semiconductors.

Physical Description:

xx, 338 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; London : Springer, 2010.

Summary:

The unprecedented control of coherence that can be exercised in quantum optics of atoms and molecules has stimulated increasing efforts in extending it to solid-state systems. One motivation to exploit the coherent phenomena comes from the emergence of the quantum information paradigm, however many more potential device applications ranging from novel lasers to spintronics are all bound up with issues in coherence. The book focuses on recent advances in the optical control of coherence in excitonic and polaritonic systems as model systems for the complex semiconductor dynamics towards the goal of achieving quantum coherence control in solid-state. Special attention is given to the optical control of spin coherehce. These front edge research topics are presented in the form of review articles by leading scientists. Book jacket.

Contents:

Part I Carrier dynamics in quantum dots

2 Decoherence of intraband transition in InAs quantum dots / Thomas Grange Grange, Thomas, Robson Ferreira Ferreira, Robson, Gérald Bastard Bastard, Gérald 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Electronic states of self-organized quantum dots 10

2.3 Magneto-polaron states in charged QDs 12

2.4 Anharmonic decay of polaron states 14

2.5 Time resolved studies of pure dephasing in QDs 16

2.6 Conclusion 22

References 23

3 Spectral diffusion dephasing and motional narrowing in single semiconductor quantum dots / Guillaume Cassabois Cassabois, Guillaume 25

3.1 Introduction 25

3.2 Theory 26

3.2.1 Random telegraph noise 27

3.2.2 Gaussian stochastic noise 28

3.3 Experiments 29

3.3.1 Unconventional motional narrowing 30

3.3.2 Voltage-controlled conventional motional narrowing 32

3.4 Conclusion 34

References 35

Part II Optically-induced spin coherence in quantum dots

4 Carrier spin dynamics in self-assembled quantum dots / Edmund Clarke Clarke, Edmund, Edmund Harbord Harbord, Edmund, Ray Murray Murray, Ray 39

4.1 Introduction 40

4.2 Growth and optical properties of In(Ga)As/GaAs QDs 41

4.3 Spin generation and detection 46

4.4 Spin relaxation and dephasing mechanisms in QDs 48

4.5 Outlook 54

References 55

5 Optically induced spin rotations in quantum dots / Sophia E. Economou Economou, Sophia E., Thomas L. Reinecke Reinecke, Thomas L. 63

5.1 Introduction 63

5.2 Useful concepts 65

5.2.1 Spin state as vector on Bloch sphere 65

5.2.2 Composite rotations 65

5.3 rf control of spin in quantum dots 66

5.4 Optical control of spin in quantum dots 67

5.4.1 Energy levels and selection rules 68

5.4.2 Optical spin rotations 69

5.5 Optical spin rotation proposals 71

5.5.1 Optical Stark effect based rotation 71

5.5.2 Adiabatic approaches to spin rotation 71

5.5.3 Hyperbolic secant based rotations 72

5.6 Outlook 79

Appendix 79

5.6.1 Fidelity 79

5.6.2 Coherent Population Trapping 80

References 82

6 Ensemble spin coherence of singly charged InGaAs quantum dots / Alex Greilich Greilich, Alex, Dmitri R. Yakovlev Yakovlev, Dmitri R., Manfred Bayer Bayer, Manfred 85

6.1 Introduction 85

6.2 Experimental technique 88

6.3 Exciton fine structure 91

6.3.1 Fine structure of heavy-hole exciton 91

6.3.2 Linear dichroism in longitudinal magnetic field 93

6.3.3 Circular dichroism in transverse magnetic field 94

6.3.4 Spectral dependence of the electron g-factor 95

6.3.5 Anisotropy of electron g-factor in quantum dot plane 96

6.4 Generation of spin coherence 97

6.5 Mode-locking of spin coherence 100

6.5.1 Spin coherence time of an individual electron 101

6.5.2 Mechanism of spin synchronization 102

6.5.3 Tailoring of ensemble spin precession 104

6.5.4 Temperature dependence of electron spin coherence time 108

6.6 Nuclei induced frequency focusing 109

6.7 Collective single-mode precession 115

6.8 Ultrafast optical spin rotation 119

6.9 Conclusions 125

References 125

Part III Novel systems for coherent spin manipulation

7 Optically controlled spin dynamics in a magnetically doped quantum dot / Doris E. Reiter Reiter, Doris E., Tilmann Kuhn Kuhn, Tilmann, Vollrath M. Axt Axt, Vollrath M. 131

7.1 Introduction 132

7.2 Model System of a single dot doped with a single Mn atom 133

7.3 Spin flip in me heavy hole exciton system using π and 2π pulses 136

7.4 Switching into all Mn spin states 140

7.4.1 Switching into spin eigenstates 140

7.4.2 Measurement by pump probe spectroscopy 143

7.4.3 Switching into superposition states 145

7.5 Magnetic field in Voigt configuration 146

7.6 Conclusions 149

References 149

8 Coherent magneto-optical activity in a single carbon nanotube / Gabriela Slavcheva Slavcheva, Gabriela, Philippe Roussignol Roussignol, Philippe 151

8.1 Introduction 152

8.2 Problem Formulation 154

8.2.1 Dielectric response function of an isolated SWCNT 157

8.2.2 Optical dipole matrix element for circularly polarised light 158

8.3 Theoretical framework for the natural optical activity 159

8.4 Simulation results for the natural optical activity 163

8.5 Magneto-optical activity of a chiral SWCNT in an axial magnetic field 171

8.5.1 Theoretical model of the nonlinear Faraday rotation in an axial magnetic field 172

8.5.2 Simulation results for Faraday rotation 176

8.6 Conclusions 178

References 179

9 Exciton and spin coherence in quantum dot lattices / Michal Grochol Grochol, Michal, Eric M. Kessler Kessler, Eric M., Carlo Piermarocchi Piermarocchi, Carlo 181

9.1 Introduction 182

9.2 Theory 183

9.2.1 Neutral quantum dot lattice 183

9.2.2 Charged quantum dot lattice 191

9.2.3 Neutral quantum dots in lattice of optical cavities 194

9.3 Results and discussion 199

9.3.1 Neutral quantum dot lattice 199

9.3.2 Charged quantum dot lattice 203

9.3.3 Neutral quantum dots in lattice of cavities 205

9.4 Conclusions 210

References 210

Part IV Coherent light-matter states in semiconductor microcavities

10 Quantum optics with interacting polaritons / Stefano Portolan Portolan, Stefano, Salvatore Savasta Savasta, Salvatore 215

10.1 Introduction 216

10.2 Electronic excitation in semiconductor 217

10.3 Linear and nonlinear dynamics 222

10.4 Entangled photon pairs from the optical decay of biexcitons 229

10.5 The picture of interacting polaritons 231

10.6 Noise and environment: Quantum Langevin approach 234

10.7 Quantum complementarity of cavity polaritons 243

10.8 Coherent Trapping 248

10.9 Spin-entangled cavity polaritons 250

10.10 Emergence of entanglement out of a noisy environment: The case of microcavity polaritons 251

10.10.1 Coherent and incoherent polariton dynamics 252

10.10.2 Results 256

10.11 Outlook 260

References 260

11 Spontaneous coherence within a gas of exciton-polaritons in Telluride microcavities / Maxime Richard Richard, Maxime, Michiel Wouters Wouters, Michiel, Le Si Dang Dang, Le Si 265

11.1 Introduction 266

11.2 Formation and steady state of a polariton gas 267

11.3 Momentum distribution, polariton thermalization 269

11.4 Similarities and differences between polariton condensation, polariton lasing and conventional photon lasing 270

11.5 Spatial properties 272

11.5.1 Gross-Pitaevskii equation 272

11.5.2 Small size condensate 274

11.5.3 Polariton condensate in disordered environment 275

11.6 Vortices in polariton condensates 278

11.6.1 Quantized vortices 279

11.6.2 Half-quantized vortices 282

11.7 Correlations within a degenerate polaritons gas 283

11.7.1 Spatial first order correlations 283

11.7.2 Number fluctuations in a polariton condensate 285

11.8 Conclusion and Outlook 287

References 288

12 Keldysh Green's function approach to coherence in a non-equilibrium steady state: connecting Bose-Einstein condensation and lasing / Jonathan Keeling Keeling, Jonathan, Marzena H. SzymaD ska ska, Marzena H. SzymaD, Peter B.

Littlewood Littlewood, Peter B. 293

12.1 Introduction 293

12.2 Polariton system Hamiltonian, and coupling to baths 297

12.3 Modelling the non-equilibrium system 298

12.3.1 Non-equilibrium diagram approach 299

12.3.2 Mean-field condition for coherent state 300

12.4 Effects of baths on system correlation functions 301

12.4.1 Decay bath and (ψ_p) 301

12.4.2 Pumping bath and G_a†b^k 303

12.5 Mean-field theory and its limits 305

12.5.1 Equilibrium limit of Mean-field theory 306

12.5.2 High temperature limit of Mean-field theory-simple laser 308

12.5.3 General properties of mean-field theory away from extremes 310

12.5.4 Low density limit: recovering complex Gross-Pitaevskii equation 311

12.6 Fluctuations, and instability of the normal state 312

12.6.1 Photon Green's functions in the non-equilibrium model 312

12.6.2 Normal-state Green's functions and instability 316

12.6.3 Normal-state instability for a simple laser 320

12.7 Fluctuations of the condensed system 322

12.7.1 Finite-size effects -lineshape of trapped system 324

12.8 Summary 326

References 327.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9783642124907

3642124909

9783642124914

3642124917

OCLC:

646113828