Introduction to statistical physics / Kerson Huang.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Huang, Kerson, 1928-2016.

Contributor:

Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Statistical physics.

Physical Description:

xiii, 318 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2010]

Contents:

1 A Macroscopic View of Matter 1

1.1 Viewing the World at Different Scales 1

1.2 Thermodynamics 2

1.3 The Thermodynamic Limit 3

1.4 Thermodynamic Transformations 4

1.5 Classic Ideal Gas 7

1.6 First Law of Thermodynamics 8

1.7 Magnetic Systems 9

Problems 11

References 13

2 Heat and Entropy 15

2.1 The Heat Equations 15

2.2 Applications to Ideal Gas 16

2.3 Carnot Cycle 19

2.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 20

2.5 Absolute Temperature 21

2.6 Temperature as Integrating Factor 22

2.7 Entropy 25

2.8 Entropy of Ideal Gas 26

2.9 The Limits of Thermodynamics 27

Problems 27

3 Using Thermodynamics 33

3.1 The Energy Equation 33

3.2 Some Measurable Coefficients 34

3.3 Entropy and Loss 35

3.4 TS Diagram 37

3.5 Condition for Equilibrium 39

3.6 Helmholtz Free Energy 40

3.7 Gibbs Potential 41

3.8 Maxwell Relations 42

3.9 Chemical Potential 42

Problems 43

4 Phase Transitions 47

4.1 First-Order Phase Transition 47

4.2 Condition for Phase Coexistence 49

4.3 Clapeyron Equation 50

4.4 Van der Waals Equation of State 51

4.5 Virial Expansion 53

4.6 Critical Point 53

4.7 Maxwell Construction 55

4.8 Scaling 56

4.9 Nucleation and Spinodal Decomposition 57

Problems 60

References 63

5 The Statistical Approach 65

5.1 The Atomic View 65

5.2 Random Walk 67

5.3 Phase Space 69

5.4 Distribution Function 70

5.5 Ergodic Hypothesis 72

5.6 Statistical Ensemble 72

5.7 Microcanonical Ensemble 73

5.8 Correct Boltzmann Counting 74

5.9 Distribution Entropy: Boltzmann's H 76

5.10 The Most Probable Distribution 77

5.11 Information Theory: Shannon Entropy 78

Problems 80

References 82

6 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution 83

6.1 Determining the Parameters 83

6.2 Pressure of Ideal Gas 84

6.3 Equipartition of Energy 85

6.4 Distribution of Speed 87

6.5 Entropy 88

6.6 Derivation of Thermodynamics 89

6.7 Fluctuations 90

6.8 The Boltzmann Factor 91

6.9 Time's Arrow 92

Problems 93

References 97

7 Transport Phenomena 99

7.1 Collisionless and Hydrodynamic Regimes 99

7.2 Maxwell's Demon 101

7.3 Nonviscous Hydrodynamics 101

7.4 Sound Wave 103

7.5 Diffusion 103

7.6 Heat Conduction 105

7.7 Viscosity 106

7.8 Navier-Stokes Equation 107

Problems 109

References 110

8 Canonical Ensemble 111

8.1 Review of the Microcanonical Ensemble 111

8.2 Classical Canonical Ensemble 111

8.3 The Partition Function 114

8.4 Connection with Thermodynamics 114

8.5 Energy Fluctuations 115

8.6 Minimization of Free Energy 116

8.7 Classical Ideal Gas 118

Problems 119

9 Grand Canonical Ensemble 123

9.1 The Particle Reservoir 123

9.2 Grand Partition Function 123

9.3 Number Fluctuations 124

9.4 Connection with Thermodynamics 125

9.5 Parametric Equation of State and Virial Expansion 126

9.6 Critical Fluctuations 127

9.7 Pair Creation 128

Problems 130

10 Noise 133

10.1 Thermal Fluctuations 133

10.2 Nyquist Noise 134

10.3 Brownian Motion 136

10.4 Einstein's Theory 138

10.5 Diffusion 140

10.6 Einstein's Relation 142

10.7 Molecular Reality 143

10.8 Fluctuation and Dissipation 144

10.9 Brownian Motion of the Stock Market 145

Problems 148

References 149

11 Stochastic Processes 151

11.1 Randomness and Probability 151

11.2 Binomial Distribution 152

11.3 Poisson Distribution 154

11.4 Gaussian Distribution 155

11.5 Central Limit Theorem 157

11.6 Shot Noise 157

Problems 160

References 162

12 Time-Series Analysis 163

12.1 Ensemble of Paths 163

12.2 Ensemble Average 164

12.3 Power Spectrum and Correlation Function 165

12.4 Signal and Noise 168

12.5 Transition Probabilities 170

12.6 Markov Process 171

12.7 Fokker-Planck Equation 172

12.8 The Monte Carlo Method 173

12.9 Simulation of the Ising Model 176

Problems 179

References 181

13 The Langevin Equation 183

13.1 The Equation and Solution 183

13.2 Energy Balance 185

13.3 Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem 187

13.4 Diffusion Coefficient and Einstein's Relation 187

13.5 Transition Probability: Fokker-Planck Equation 188

13.6 Heating by Stirring: Forced Oscillator in Medium 189

Problems 192

14 Quantum Statistics 195

14.1 Thermal Wavelength 195

14.2 Identical Particles 197

14.3 Occupation Numbers 198

14.4 Spin 200

14.5 Microcanonical Ensemble 201

14.6 Fermi Statistics 202

14.7 Bose Statistics 203

14.8 Determining the Parameters 204

14.9 Pressure 205

14.10 Entropy 206

14.11 Free Energy 207

14.12 Equation of State 207

14.13 Classical Limit 208

Problems 210

Reference 212

15 Quantum Ensembles 213

15.1 Incoherent Superposition of States 213

15.2 Density Matrix 214

15.3 Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical) 216

15.4 Grand Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical) 217

15.5 Occupation Number Fluctuations 219

15.6 Photon Bunching 220

Problems 221

References 223

16 The Fermi Gas 225

16.1 Fermi Energy 225

16.2 Ground State 226

16.3 Fermi Temperature 227

16.4 Low-Temperature Properties 228

16.5 Particles and Holes 230

16.6 Electrons in Solids 231

16.7 Semiconductors 233

Problems 235

17 The Bose Gas 237

17.1 Photons 237

17.2 Bose Enhancement 239

17.3 Phonons 241

17.4 Debye Specific Heat 243

17.5 Electronic Specific Heat 244

17.6 Conservation of Particle Number 245

Problems 246

References 249

18 Bose-Einstein Condensation 251

18.1 Macroscopic Occupation 251

18.2 The Condensate 253

18.3 Equation of State 254

18.4 Specific Heat 256

18.5 How a Phase is Formed 257

18.6 Liquid Helium 259

Problems 260

References 263

19 The Order Parameter 265

19.1 The Essence of Phase Transitions 265

19.2 Ginsburg-Landau Theory 266

19.3 Relation to Microscopic Theory 267

19.4 Functional integration and Differentiation 268

19.5 Second-Order Phase Transition 270

19.6 Mean-Field Theory 271

19.7 Critical Exponents 273

19.8 The Correlation Length 274

19.9 First-Order Phase Transition 277

19.10 Cahn-Hilliard Equation 278

Problems 278

References 280

20 Superfluidity 281

20.1 Condensate Wave Function 281

20.2 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking 282

20.3 Mean-Field Theory 284

20.4 Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation 285

20.5 Quantum Phase Coherence 286

20.6 Superfluid Flow 287

20.7 Phonons: Goldstone Mode 289

Problems 290

References 292

21 Superconductivity 293

21.1 Meissner Effect 293

21.2 Magnetic Flux Quantum 294

21.3 Josephson Junction 296

21.4 DC Josephson Effect 298

21.5 AC Josephson Effect 299

21.6 Time-Dependent Vector Potential 300

21.7 The SQUID 300

21.8 Broken Symmetry 302

Problems 303

References 303.

Notes:

"A Chapman & Hall book."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

ISBN:

9781420079029

1420079026

OCLC:

226357314

Publisher Number:

99937299831