Engineering and chemical thermodynamics / Milo D. Koretsky.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Koretsky, Milo D.

Contributor:

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Thermodynamics.

Physical Description:

xv, 553 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, [2004]

Summary:

Whether you learn best by applying knowledge, assimilating information through visuals, working equations, or reading explanations of concepts, Milo Koretsky's Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics provides the support you need to develop a deeper and more complete understanding of thermodynamics and its application to real-world problems.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Measured Thermodynamic Properties And Other Basic Concepts 1

1.1 Thermodynamics 2

1.2 Preliminary Concepts-The Language of Thermo 3

1.3 Measured Thermodynamic Properties 7

Volume (Extensive or Intensive) 7

Temperature (intensive) 8

Pressure (intensive) 11

1.4 Equilibrium 12

1.5 Independent and Dependent Thermodynamic Properties 15

1.6 The PvT Surface and Its Projections for Pure Substances 17

1.7 Thermodynamic Property Tables 23

1.8 The Ideal Gas 26

Chapter 2 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 31

2.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics 32

Forms of Energy 32

Work and Heat: Transfer of Energy Between the System and the Surroundings 37

2.2 Construction of Hypothetical Paths 41

2.3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes 42

2.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems 49

Integral Balances 49

Differential Balances 51

2.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics for Open Systems 52

2.6 Thermochemical Data for U and H 58

Heat Capacity: c[subscript v] and c[subscript P] 58

Latent Heats 67

Enthalpy of Reactions 70

2.7 Reversible Processes in Closed Systems 76

Reversible, Isothermal Expansion (Compression) 76

Adiabatic Expansion (Compression) with Constant Heat Capacity 78

2.8 Open-System Energy Balances on Process Equipment 80

2.9 Thermodynamic Cycles and the Carnot Cycle 86

Chapter 3 Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamic 103

3.1 Directionality of Processes/Spontaneity 104

3.2 Reversible and Irreversible Processes (Revisited) and Their Relationship to Directionality 105

3.3 Entropy, the Thermodynamic Property 107

3.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 115

3.5 Other Common Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 117

3.6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics for Closed and Open Systems 118

Calculation of [Delta]s for Closed Systems 119

Calculation of [Delta]s for an Open Systems 123

3.7 Calculation of [Delta]s for an Ideal Gas 126

3.8 The Mechanical Energy Balance and the Bernoulli Equation 135

3.9 Vapor-Compression Power and Refrigeration Cycles 138

The Rankine Cycle 138

The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle 143

3.10 Molecular View of Entropy 146

Maximizing Molecular Configurations over Space 148

Maximizing Molecular Configurations over Energy 149

Chapter 4 Equations Of State And Intermolecular Forces 164

Motivation 165

The Ideal Gas 166

4.2 Intermolecular Forces 166

Internal (Molecular) Energy 166

Attractive Forces 168

Intermolecular Potential Functions and Repulsive Forces 177

Principle of Corresponding States 180

Chemical Forces 182

4.3 Equations of State 186

The Van Der Waals Equation of State 186

Cubic Equations of State 192

The Virial Equation of State 194

Equations of State for Liquids and Solids 196

4.4 Generalized Compressibility Charts 197

4.5 Determination of Parameters for Mixtures 200

Chapter 5 The Thermodynamic Web 211

5.1 Types of Thermodynamic Properties 211

5.2 Thermodynamic Property Relationships 212

Dependent and Independent Properties 212

Fundamental Property Relations 214

Maxwell Relations 216

Other Useful Mathematical Relations 217

Using the Thermodynamic Web to Access Reported Data 218

5.3 Calculation of [Delta]s, [Delta]u, and [Delta]h Using Equations of State 220

Relation of ds in Terms of Independent Variables T and v and Independent Variables T and P 220

Relation of du in Terms of Independent Variables T and v 221

Relation of dh in Terms of Independent Variables T and P 224

5.4 Departure Functions 230

5.5 Joule-Thomson Expansion and Liquefication 237

Chapter 6 Phase Equilibria I: Problem Formulation 250

6.2 Pure Species Phase Equilibrium 253

Gibbs Energy as a Criterion for Chemical Equilibrium 253

Roles of Energy and Entropy in Phase Equilibria 255

The Relationship Between Saturation Pressure and Temperature: The Clapeyron Equation 258

Pure Component Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium: The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 260

6.3 Thermodynamics of Mixtures 263

Partial Molar Properties 264

The Gibbs-Duhem Equation 269

Summary of the Different Types of Thermodynamic Properties 270

Property Changes of Mixing 271

Determination of Partial Molar Properties 280

Relations Among Partial Molar Quantities 288

6.4 Multicomponent Phase Equilibria 289

The Chemical Potential-The Criteria for Chemical Equilibrium 289

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of [mu subscript i] 292

Chapter 7 Phase Equilibria II: Fugacity 302

7.2 The Fugacity 303

Definition of Fugacity 303

Other Forms of Fugacity 305

Criteria for Chemical Equilibria in Terms of Fugacity 306

7.3 Fugacity in the Vapor Phase 307

Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient of Pure Gases 307

Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient of Species i in a Gas Mixture 313

The Lewis Fugacity Rule 319

Property Changes of Mixing for Ideal Gases 320

7.4 Fugacity in the Liquid Phase 322

Reference States for the Liquid Phase 322

Thermodynamic Relations Between [gamma subscript i] 330

Models for [gamma subscript i] Using g[superscript E] 336

Equation of State Approach to the Liquid Phase 353

7.5 Fugacity in the Solid Phase 353

Pure Solids 353

Solid Solutions 353

Interstitials and Vacancies in Crystals 353

Chapter 8 Phase Equilibria III: Phase Diagrams 364

8.1 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) 365

Raoult's Law (Ideal Gas and Ideal Solution) 365

Nonideal Liquids 372

Azeotropes 381

Fitting Activity Coefficient Models with VLE Data 386

Solubility of Gases in Liquids 391

8.2 Liquid([alpha])-Liquid([beta]) Equilibrium: LLE 397

8.3 Vapor-Liquid([alpha])-Liquid([beta]) Equilibrium: VLLE 403

8.4 Solid-Liquid and Solid-Solid Equilibrium: SLE and SSE 407

Pure Solids 407

Solid Solutions 410

8.5 Colligative Properties 412

Chapter 9 Chemical Reaction Equilibria 433

9.2 Chemical Reaction and Gibbs Energy 435

9.3 Equilibrium for a Single Reaction 438

9.4 Calculation of K from Thermochemical Data 442

Calculation of K from Gibbs Energy of Formation 443

The Temperature Dependence of K 444

9.5 Relationship Between the Equilibrium Constant and the Concentrations of Reacting Species 448

The Equilibrium Constant for a Gas-Phase Reaction 449

The Equilibrium Constant for a Liquid-Phase (or Solid-Phase) Reaction 456

The Equilibrium Constant for a Heterogeneous Reaction 457

9.6 Equilibrium in Electrochemical Systems 459

9.7 Multiple Reactions 467

Extent of Reaction and Equilibrium Constant for R Reactions 467

Gibbs Phase Rule for Chemically Reacting Systems 469

Solution of Multiple Reaction Equilibria by Minimization of Gibbs Energy 475

9.8 Reaction Equilibria of Point Defects in Crystalline Solids 478

Atomic Defects 478

Electronic Defects 481

Effect of Gas Partial Pressure on Defect Concentrations 485

Appendix A Physical Property Data 499

A.1 Critical Constants, Acentric Factors, and Antoine Coefficients 499

A.2 Heat Capacity Data 501

A.3 Enthalpy and Gibbs Energy of Formation at 298 K and 1 bar 503

Appendix B Steam Tables 507

B.1 Saturated Water: Temperature Table 508

B.2 Saturated Water: Pressure Table 510

B.3 Saturated Water: Solid-Vapor 512

B.4 Superheated Water Vapor 513

B.5 Subcooled Liquid Water 519

Appendix C Lee-Kesler Generalized Correlation Tables 520

C.1 Values for z[superscript (0)] 520

C.2 Values for z[superscript (1)] 522

C.3 Values for [characters not reproducible] 524

C.4 Values for [characters not reproducible] 526

C.5 Values for [characters not reproducible] 528

C.6 Values for [characters not reproducible] 530

C.7 Values for log[phi superscript (0)] 532

C.8 Values for log [phi superscript (1)] 534

Appendix D Unit Systems 536

D.1 Common Dimensions Used in Termodynamics and Their Associated Units 536

D.2 Conversion Between Gaussian and SI Units 539

Appendix E ThermoSolver Software 540

E.1 Software

Description 540

E.2 Corresponding States using the Lee-Kesler Equation of State 543

F.1 Sources of Thermodynamic Data 545

F.2 Textbooks and Monographs 546.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 545-547) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0471385867

9780471385868

OCLC:

52423983

Online:

Publisher description