Unsafe in the ivory tower : the sexual victimization of college women / Bonnie S. Fisher, Leah E. Daigle, Francis T. Cullen.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Fisher, Bonnie, 1959-

Contributor:

Daigle, Leah E.

Cullen, Francis T.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sexual harassment in universities and colleges--United States.

Sexual harassment in universities and colleges.

United States.

Women--Education (Higher)--United States.

Women.

Women--Education (Higher).

Physical Description:

xiv, 230 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Los Angeles : Sage Publications, [2010]

Summary:

Unsafe in the Ivory Tower examines the nature and dimensions of a salient social problem-the sexual victimization of female college students today, and how women respond when they are, in fact, sexually victimized.The authors discuss the research that scholars have conducted to illuminate the origins and extent of this controversial issue, as well as what can be done to prevent it. Students and other interested readers learn about the nature of victimization while simultaneously gaining an understanding of the ways in which criminologists, victimologsts, and social scientists conduct research that informs theory and policy debates.

Key Features

Provides detailed information about sexual victimization on college campuses today

Introduces broad lessons about the interactions of ideology, science and methodology, and public policy

Integrates current data, research, and theory, based on the authors' national studies of more than 8,000 randomly selected female college students

Intended Audience

This supplemental text is ideal for courses such as Sex Crimes, Violence and Abuse, Victimology, Gender and Crime, Sociology of Sex and Gender in departments of criminology, criminal justice, sociology and women's studies.It is also useful for those involved in studying or creating public policy related to this issue and for those interested in sexual victimization on campuses generally.

Contents:

1 The Discovery of Sexual Victimization 1

Beyond Real Rape 3

Sexual Victimization in Context 5

The Hidden Figure of Rape 6

Specially Designed Victimization Surveys 8

Koss's Sexual Experiences Survey 11

What the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) Measures 12

What Did Koss Find 15

One in Four: Publicizing the Rape Epidemic 16

Two Critiques 18

Gilbert: The Dangers of Advocacy Research 19

Roiphe: The Morning After 21

What's Ahead 23

2 Beyond the Culture Wars: The Measurement of Sexual Victimization 25

The National Crime Victimization Survey 27

How the NCVS Measures Victimization 28

The First Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Screen Questions 29

The Second Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Incident Report 33

Measuring Rape: Completed, Attempted, or Threatened 33

Measuring Sexual Assault 38

Beyond the NCVS 39

Measuring Sexual Victimization: The Next Generation 39

The National Women's Study 40

Study Design 40

Measuring Forcible Rape 41

Methodological Lessons Learned 43

The National Violence Against Women Survey 44

Study Design 45

Measuring Rape 45

Perpetrator Report for Rape 47

Classifying Victimizations 47

Comparison of Rape Results 48

Stalking 49

The National College Women Sexual Victimization Study 50

Study Design 51

Measuring Sexual Victimization 51

Measuring Rape Through the Incident Report 54

Revisiting the Koss-Gilbert Debate 57

Answering "Yes" to a Behaviorally Specific Rape Question 57

Answering "Yes" to a Non-Rape Screen Question 59

Comparing Two Studies 59

Conclusion 60

3 The Risk of Rape: Unsafe in the Ivory Tower? 63

Coming to College as a Rape Victim 64

Rape During the College Years: Koss Revisited 65

Sexual Experiences Survey 65

Studies Using the SES 66

Results From Canada 67

Results From Campus Studies Using Other Victimization Measures 68

The National College Women Sexual Victimization Study 68

The Extent of Rape: Is There a Crisis? 69

The Context of Rape 71

Is College a Risk Factor? 73

Forms of Rape 74

What Rapes Have in Common 76

How Rapes Differ 77

The Role of Drugs and Alcohol 79

Koss Revisited-Again 80

Harvard's College Alcohol Study 81

Kilpatrick et al.'s National Study of Drug-Facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape 82

Conclusion 83

4 Beyond Rape: The Pervasiveness of Sexual Victimization 85

Moving Beyond the Study of Rape 86

Categorizing Sexual Victimization 89

Type of Contact 90

Degree of Coercion 91

Degree of Action 94

A Framework for Categorizing Sexual Victimization 94

Sexual Coercion 95

Tactics 95

Measurement of Sexual Coercion 96

Extent of Sexual Coercion 98

Unwanted Sexual Contact 100

Measurement of Unwanted Sexual Contact 100

Extent of Unwanted Sexual Contact 102

Noncontact Sexual Abuse 104

Measurement of Noncontact Sexual Abuse 104

Extent of Noncontact Verbal Abuse 105

Extent of Noncontact Visual Abuse 107

Noncontact Abuse in Students' Everyday Lives 107

Conclusion 108

5 It Happened Again: Sexual Revictimization 111

Crime Revictimization 112

Extent of Revictimization 112

Concentration of Revictimization 113

Time Course of Revictimization 114

Crime-Switch Patterns 115

Sexual Revictimization 115

Extent of Sexual Revictimization 115

Revictimization Across Developmental Periods 116

Sexual Revictimization Among College Women: The NCWSV Study 117

Sexual Revictimization Over Time 117

Extent of Sexual Revictimization 118

Time Course of Sexual Revictimization 119

Crime-Switch Patterns 121

Why Does Sexual Revictimization Occur? 122

Risk Heterogeneity: Routines/Lifestyles Matter 122

Event Dependence: First Incidents Matter 124

Findings From the NCWSV Study 124

Explaining Sexual Victimization 124

Explaining Revictimization 125

Conclusion 127

6 Victim Secrets: Acknowledging and Reporting Sexual Victimization 129

Acknowledging Victimization 131

Koss's Sexual Experiences Survey 131

The NCWSV Study 132

What Do Unacknowledged Victims Call It? 134

Consequences of Acknowledgment 135

Beneficial Effects 135

Harmful Effects 135

Few Effects 136

Factors Related to Acknowledgment 137

Individual Factors 137

Situational Factors 139

Reporting Sexual Victimization to the Police 141

The Importance of Reporting 142

Why Don't College Women Report Sexual Victimization? 143

Findings From the NCWSV Study 143

Findings From Other Studies on Reporting 145

Reasons for Reporting Victimizations 146

Implications 146

Factors That Influence Reporting 147

Incident Characteristics 147

Offender Characteristics 148

Victim Characteristics 149

Contextual Characteristics 149

Reporting to Other People: Telling Friends 150

Whom Do Victims Tell? 150

Consequences of Telling Others 152

Conclusion 153

7 Being Pursued: The Stalking of Female Students 155

Opportunities for Stalking 157

College Student Characteristics 157

The Campus Setting 158

Students' Lifestyles and Routine Activities 159

Research on the Extent of Stalking 160

Studies of College Students 161

Tjaden and Thoennes's National Violence Against Women Study 162

Measuring Stalking in the NCWSV Study 164

The Extent of Stalking 165

The Nature of Stalking 166

Pursuing Victims 167

Victim-Stalker Interaction 168

Who Is at Risk of Being Stalked? 169

How Do Victims React? 171

Actions Taken by Victims 171

Reporting Stalking 171

Conclusion 173

8 Creating Safe Havens: Preventing Sexual Victimization 177

Two Themes 178

Beyond Ideology: The Importance of Methodology 178

Hidden Inequality: The Cost of Being a Female Student 179

Three Approaches for Preventing Victimization 180

Conservative Approach 181

Feminist Approach 182

Legal Approach 186

Opportunity-Reduction Approach: Situational Crime Prevention 189

Situational Crime Prevention 189

Discourage Offenders 191

Decrease Target Attractiveness 192

Increase Capable Guardianship 194

Preventing Stalking 196

Conclusion 198.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781412954761

1412954762

9781412954778

1412954770

OCLC:

426804766