The interaction between Earth's rotation and geophysical processes / Nikolay S. Sidorenkov.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sidorenkov, N. S. (Nikolaĭ Sergeevich)

Contributor:

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Geophysics.

Atmospheric circulation.

Hydrology.

Earth (Planet)--Rotation.

Earth (Planet).

Physical Description:

xi, 305 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, [2009]

Summary:

The Earth's rotation instabilities are correlated with many characteristics of natural processes in all frequency ranges. The Earth's rotation instabilities are a unique index of many processes in all spheres of the Earth. Various problems can be solved using the Earth's rotation parameters. The reader will find some methods and can derive other ones from studying how some particular characteristics are related to the parameters of the Earth's rotation given in the book.

This work fills an important gap in the geophysical literature at specialist level. It is the only up to date title providing the link between the Earth's rotation and its atmo- and hydrosphere including the ice masses. But only with a full picture including rotation phenomena a sound understanding of the highly complicated and interlinked processes governing our ecosphere can be achieved, which is important especially for the protection of our climate.

Our ecosphere is governed by a highly complicated system of several processes. They involve the tides, the ice masses, the atmosphere's circulation schemes in the troposphere, stratospheric winds, and many more. They cannot be fully understood without considering their relationship with the Earth's rotation and its irregularities. This book puts all these processes into context.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

2 Motions of the Earth 9

2.1 Earth's Revolution 9

2.1.1 Introduction 9

2.1.2 Orbit of the Earth's Center 11

2.1.3 Motion of the Barycenter of the Earth-Moon System Around the Sun 13

2.2 Motion of the Earth's Spin Axis in Space 16

2.2.1 Dynamics of the Spinning Top 16

2.2.2 Precession and Nutation of the Earth's Spin Axis 18

3 Polar Motion and Irregularities in the Earth's Rotation Rate 27

3.1 Motion of the Earth's Poles 27

3.1.1 Motion of the Spin Axis in the Earth's Body 27

3.1.2 International Latitude Service 30

3.1.3 North Pole Motion 31

3.2 Irregularities in the Earth's Rotation Rate 33

4 Estimation Theory of the Effect of Atmospheric Processes on the Earth's Spin 41

4.1 General Differential Equations of the Rotation of the Earth Around its Mass Center 41

4.2 Disturbed Motion of the Absolutely Solid Earth 44

4.3 Disturbed Motion of the Elastic Earth 46

4.4 Interpretation of Excitation Functions 51

4.5 Harmonic Excitation Function and Motion of the Earth's Poles 55

4.6 Equation of Motion of the Earth's Spin Axis in Space 59

5 Tides and the Earth's Rotation 63

5.1 Tide-Generating Potential 63

5.2 Expansion of Tide-Generating Potential 67

5.2.1 Semidiurnal Waves 71

5.2.2 Diurnal Waves 74

5.2.3 Long-Period Waves 76

5.2.4 General Classification of Tidal Waves 76

5.3 Theory of Tidal Variations in the Earth's Rotation Rate 77

5.4 Precession and Nutations of the Earth's Axis 83

5.4.1 Lunisolar Moment of Forces 83

5.4.2 Motion of the Earth's Poles 84

5.4.3 Precession and Nutations 86

5.5 Introduction to the Theory of Atmospheric Tides 88

6 The Air-Mass Seasonal Redistribution and the Earth's Rotation 99

6.1 Air-Mass Seasonal Redistribution 99

6.2 Components of the Inertia Tensor of the Atmosphere 103

6.3 Estimations of Instabilities in the Earth's Rotation 108

6.4 Discussion of Results 110

7 Angular Momentum of Atmospheric Winds 119

7.1 Functions of the Angular Momentum of the Atmosphere 119

7.2 Climatic Data 122

7.3 Axial Angular Momentum (Reanalysis Data) 129

7.4 Estimations of Seasonal Variations in the Earth's Rotation 134

7.5 Equatorial Angular Momentum of Atmospheric Winds 139

7.6 Atmospheric Excitation of Nutations 149

8 Nature of the Zonal Circulation of the Atmosphere 153

8.1 Observational Data 153

8.2 Translational-Rotational Motion of Geophysical Continua 155

8.3 Genesis of the Zonal Circulation 159

8.4 Nature of the Atmosphere Superrotation 164

8.5 Theory of the Zonal Atmospheric Circulation 168

8.6 Nature of the Subtropical Maxima of Atmospheric Pressure 174

8.7 Mechanism of Seasonal Variation 175

8.8 Conclusions 187

9 Interannual Oscillations of the Earth-Ocean-Atmosphere System 189

9.1 El Niǫ-Southern Oscillation 190

9.2 Quasibiennial Oscillation of the Atmospheric Circulation 194

9.3 Multiyear Waves 198

9.4 Modern ENSO Models 204

9.5 The Model of Nonlinear Excitation 205

10 Mechanical Action of the Atmosphere on the Earth's Rotation 211

10.1 Friction and Pressure Torques 211

10.2 Mechanical Interaction of the Atmosphere with the Underlying Surface 212

10.3 Implementation of Calculations 218

10.4 Mechanism of the Continental Drift on Decadal-Long Time Scale 220

10.4.1 Hypothesis 220

10.4.2 Evidence 221

10.4.3 Estimations 222

10.4.4 Model 223

11 Decadal Fluctuations in Geophysical Processes 225

11.1 Discussion on Conceivable Hypotheses 225

11.2 Theory of Estimations of the Global Water Exchange Effect on the Earth's Rotation 229

11.3 Secular and Decadal Variations 231

11.3.1 Assessments and Computations 231

11.3.2 Comparison of the Theoretical and Empirical Values 233

11.3.3 Discussion of Results 236

11.4 Effect of Ice Sheets 238

11.5 Effect of Climate Changes 240

11.6 Effect of the Earth's Core 243

11.7 Summary 247

12 Geodynamics and Weather Predictions 249

12.1 Predictions of Hydrometeorological Characteristics 249

12.1.1 Synoptic Processes in the Atmosphere 249

12.1.2 Conductors of Synoptic Processes 249

12.2 Long-Period Variability in Tidal Oscillations and Atmospheric Processes 253

12.2.1 Variability in Lunar Tidal Forces 253

12.2.2 Rate of Extreme Natural Processes 255

12.3 Hydrodynamic Equations of Motion 258

13 Conclusion 261

Appendices 263

Appendix A 265

A.1 Spherical Analysis 265

Appendix B 269

B.1 The Figure of the Earth 269

Appendix C 275

Appendix D 277.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

9783527408757

3527408754

OCLC:

432406353

Publisher Number:

99936026343