Cortical mechanisms of vision / edited by Michael R. M. Jenkin, Laurence R. Harris.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Jenkin, Michael, 1959-

Harris, Laurence, 1953-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Visual cortex.

Visual perception.

Visual Cortex--physiology.

Visual Perception--physiology.

Medical Subjects:

Visual Cortex--physiology.

Visual Perception--physiology.

Physical Description:

xiv, 444 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, [2009]

Summary:

The advent of sensors capable of localizing portions of the brain involved in specific computations has provided significant insights into normal visual information processing and specific neurological conditions. Aided by devices such as fMRI, researchers are now able to construct highly detailed models of how the brain processes specific patterns of visual information. This book brings together some of the strongest thinkers in this field to explore cortical visual information processing and its underlying mechanism. It is a great resource for vision researchers with both biological and computational backgrounds, and is an essential guide for graduate students just starting out in the field.

Contents:

1 Cortical mechanisms of vision 1

I Dorsal stream 7

2 The lateral intraparietal area: a priority map in posterior parietal cortex 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Attention 10

2.3 Why look at LIP? 11

2.4 LIP and covert attention 13

2.5 LIP and overt attention 17

2.6 Active top-down suppression in LIP 22

2.7 LIP as a priority map: a unifying role

References 28

3 Left-to-right reversal of hemispatial neglect symptoms following adaptation to reversing prisms 35

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Materials and methods 38

3.3 Apparatus and procedure 41

3.4 Data analyses 44

3.5 Results 44

3.6 Discussion 46

References 48

4 Sensorimotor aspects of reach deficits in optic ataxia 53

4.1 Introduction 53

4.2 Classical deficits described in optic ataxia 57

4.3 Maintaining spatial constancy 61

4.4 Sensorimotor integration 66

4.5 Feedback and online movement control 69

4.6 Clinical implications 73

4.7 Conclusions 74

References 75

5 When what you see isn't where you get: cortical mechanisms of vision for complex action 81

5.1 The neural control of reaching under increasingly arbitrary conditions: an introduction 81

5.2 Visuomotor compatibility and visually guided movements 83

5.3 A (very) brief history of research on nonstandard visuomotor mapping: behavioral and neurophysiological studies 84

5.4 Cortical mechanisms of visually guided reaching under increasingly dissociated conditions: the basic network 88

5.5 The effects of sex on skilled movement performance. We mean being male or female 91

5.6 The effect of healthy aging on dissociated reaching tasks 95

5.7 The effect of dementia on the performance of dissociated reaching tasks 100

5.8 Cortical mechanisms for increasingly complex reaching movements: nonhuman primate studies 107

5.9 Conclusion 110

References 111

6 Neural mechanisms of self-movement: perception for navigation and spatial orientation 119

6.1 Introduction 120

6.2 Methods 120

6.3 Results 122

6.4 Discussion 141

References 144

II Ventral stream 147

7 Differential development of the human ventral stream 149

7.1 Behavioral investigations of the development of perception 150

7.2 Developmental neuroimaging is critical for revealing the neural changes underlying the development of perception 152

7.3 fMRI measurements of the development of the human ventral stream 153

7.4 Methodological issues in developmental neuroimaging 153

7.5 No changes in the anatomical size of the fusiform and parahippocampal gyrus 154

7.6 BOLD-related confounds across age groups 154

7.7 Face, place and object-selective cortex in children and adults 155

7.8 Differential development of the human ventral stream 158

7.9 Expansion of selectivity into adjacent cortex 159

7.10 No developmental changes in the size of the LOC or the STS face-selective region after age seven 159

7.11 Correlation between differential cortical development and recognition memory performance 161

7.12 Implications of the differential development of visual cortex 163

7.13 Conclusions 164

References 165

8 Clarifying the functional neuroanatomy of face perception by single case neuroimaging studies of acquired prosopagnosia 171

8.1 Introduction 172

8.2 Neuroimaging studies of face perception in the healthy brain 172

8.3 Understanding how the human brain processes faces by combining lesion studies and functional neuroimaging 175

8.4 Conclusions and future directions 197

References 199

9 An integrative approach towards understanding the psychological and neural basis of congenital prosopagnosia 209

9.1 Background 209

9.2 Behavioral profile of congenital prosopagnosia 212

9.3 Neural profile of congenital prosopagnosia 215

9.4 Structural profile of cognitive prosopagnosia 222

9.5 Concluding remarks 228

References 229

10 Object ontology in temporal lobe ensembles 237

10.1 About ontologies 237

10.2 The temporal lobe in primates 238

10.3 Object ontologies in the temporal lobe 239

10.4 An instantiation of an object ontology: individuals 241

10.5 An empirical test of featural versus functional representation of individuals in the temporal lobe 242

10.6 Conclusions 248

References 249

III Frontal cortex 255

11 How the prefrontal cortex is thought to be involved in response suppression 257

11.1 Functions of the prefrontal cortex 257

11.2 Examining response suppression using the anti-saccade task 258

11.3 Top-down and bottom-up visual attention 260

11.4 Preparatory set 260

11.5 Internally driven preparatory signals represent rule-dependentactivity 263

11.6 Visual burst 264

11.7 Clinical populations 265

11.8 Neural prosthetics and beyond 266

11.9 Concluding remarks 267

References 267

12 Prefrontal cortex and the neurophysiology of visual knowledge: perception, action, attention, memory, strategies and goals 273

12.1 Introduction 273

12.2 Perception versus action 275

12.3 Attention versus memory 280

12.4 Strategies versus mappings 284

12.5 Previous versus future goals 291

12.6 Prefrontal cortex: polymath or monomaniac 292

12.7 Epluribus unum 293

References 295

13 Saccade target selection in unconstrained visual search 299

13.1 Introduction 299

13.2 Automatic responses during visual search 301

13.3 Visual processing during visual search 304

13.4 Attentional processing during visual search 310

13.5 Saccade processing during visual search 312

13.6 Conclusion 314

References 315

14 Oculomotor control of spatial attention 321

14.1 Introduction 321

14.2 Spatial attention 322

14.3 Control of spatial attention 322

14.4 Frontal eye fields (FEF) 324

14.5 Anatomy of the frontal eye fields 324

14.6 Single unit activity 327

14.7 Lesion studies 327

14.8 Oculomotor map 328

14.9 Stimulation 329

14.10 Rationale 332

14.11 Attention task 334

14.12 Distractor effect 335

14.13 Microstimulation task 336

14.14 Effects of microstimulation: inside the motor field 341

14.15 Effects of microstimulation: outside the motor field 341

14.16 Timing 341

14.17 Pathways 342

14.18 Methodology for future studies of spatial attention 343

14.19 Conclusions 343

References 344

15 Neural mechanisms of attentional selection in visual search: evidence from electromagnetic recordings 351

15.1 Neural mechanisms of feature selection in visual search 352

15.2 Solving ambiguities of location coding in visual search 357

15.3 Recurrent processing and the center-surround profile of the spotlight of attention 362

15.4 Conclusion 365

References 366

IV Attention and consciousness 373

16 Two visual systems: separate pathways for perception and action in the human cerebral cortex 375

16.1 The origins of vision 375

16.2 Two visual systems 377

16.3 Different metrics and frames of reference for perception and action 379

16.4 Perception, action and illusions 380

16.5 Interactions between the two streams 391

16.6 Conclusion 392

References 393

17 Requirements for conscious visual processing 399

17.1 Introduction 399

17.2 Cortical networks for conscious vision 401

17.3 Neural decisions and generalized rivalry 405

17.4 Significance of feedback 411

17.5 The homunculus and the Cartesian Theater 412

17.6 Discussion 412

References 414.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

9780521889612

0521889618

OCLC:

286431062