The archaeology of Lydia, from Gyges to Alexander / Christopher H. Roosevelt.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Roosevelt, Christopher H. (Christopher Havemeyer), 1972-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lydia (Kingdom)--Antiquities.

Lydia (Kingdom).

Excavations (Archaeology)--Turkey--Lydia (Kingdom).

Excavations (Archaeology).

Turkey.

Lydia (Kingdom)--History.

Landscapes--Turkey--Lydia (Kingdom).

Landscapes.

Land settlement--Turkey--Lydia (Kingdom).

Land settlement.

Sardis (Extinct city)--Antiquities.

Sardis (Extinct city).

Excavations (Archaeology)--Turkey--Sardis (Extinct city).

Turkey--Sardis (Extinct city).

Sardis (Extinct city)--History.

Turkey--Antiquities.

Antiquities.

Excavations (Archaeology)--Turkey.

Physical Description:

xvii, 314 pages : illustrations, maps ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Contents:

1 Introduction 1

Regional Archaeology 4

Material Culture and Cultural Change 7

Overview of this Study 9

2 The Cultural and Historical Framework 11

Lydian Origins, Language, and the Early Lydian Period (Through the Late Eighth Century) 13

Biological, Linguistic, and Historical Evidence 13

Classical Sources for the Early Lydian Period 19

Archaeological Evidence 20

The Middle Lydian Period (Early Seventh through Mid-Sixth Centuries) 22

The Late Lydian (or Achaemenid) Period (Mid-Sixth through Late Fourth Centuries) 26

3 Lydian Geography and Environment 33

The Natural Landscapes of Lydia 34

Central Lydia: The Heartland of the Mermnad Kingdom 34

The Boundary Zones of Greater Lydia 36

Mountains 41

Rivers and Plains 41

Lakes 44

Areas of Interest for Subsequent Discussion 45

Geology 46

Climate and Vegetation 47

Resources 49

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 49

Field Crops, Viticulture, and Tree Fruits 50

Livestock and Animal Products 53

Area-Specific Resources 54

The Richness and Diversity of Lydian Landscapes 58

4 Settlement and Society at Sardis 59

The Geography and Development of Sardis 60

Major Excavation Sectors 61

Historical Development 64

Lydian Houses and Domestic Economy 66

Small-Scale Craft Production and Exchange 70

Large-Scale Craft Production and Exchange 73

Royal, Administrative, and Public Buildings 77

Cults and Cult Places 80

Sardis and Lydian Society 85

5 Settlement and Society in Central and Greater Lydia 91

Central Lydia, the Immediate Hinterland of Sardis 93

Evidence for Settlement and Other Activities in Central Lydia 93

Bin Tepe, Tumulus Groups, and Settlement Areas in Central Lydia 99

Diachronic Changes in the Settlement Patterns of Central Lydia 101

Greater Lydia, the Distant Hinterland of Sardis 102

Evidence for Settlement and Other Activities in Greater Lydia 103

Tumulus Groups in Greater Lydia 109

Diachronic Changes in the Settlement Patterns of Greater Lydia 110

Settlement Structure and Estates 112

Settlement Concerns 115

Subsistence and Communication 115

Territorial Control 117

Resource Control and Procurement 121

Sacred Landscapes and Cult Places 123

Lydian Settlement Patterns and Regional Interaction 129

6 Burial and Society 135

Regional Burial Types 136

Pits 136

Sarcophagi 137

Chamber Tombs 139

Graveside Markers and Funerary Imagery 151

Phallic Markers 153

Symbolic Door Stelae 153

Anthemion Stelae (With and Without Inscriptions) 155

Figural Stelae 156

Banquets 157

Seated Females 158

Standing Figures 160

Mounted Riders, Hunts, Animal Friezes, and a Battle 161

Freestanding Statues (Lions and a Lion-Griffin) 165

Other Funerary Imagery 172

Overview 173

Grave Assemblages and Funeral Ceremonies 176

Burial and Lydian Society 183

7 Conclusions: Continuity and Change at Sardis and Beyond 185

Developments in the Material Record 186

Material and Historical Synthesis: Continuity and Change 191

The Early and Middle Lydian Periods 191

The Late Lydian Period 194

Persians and Persianisms at Sardis and Beyond 198

Some Final Conclusions and Prescriptions for the Future 201

Catalogue of Sites and Finds in Central and Greater Lydia 205

1 Central Lydia 207

2 Middle Hermus River Valley (West of Central Lydia) 214

3 Nymphaeum Valley 218

4 Mt. Sipylus (Manisa Daǧ) 218

5 Middle Hermus River Valley (North of Mt. Sipylus) 222

6 Hyrcanian Plain 223

7 Middle Phrygius River Valley 225

8 Lycus Valley 228

9 Upper Caicus Valley 230

10 Middle Hermus River Valley (East of Central Lydia) 233

11 Lower Cagamus River Valley 234

12 Middle Cogamus River Valley 236

13 Upper Cogamus River Valley 240

14 Northern Lydia 240

15 Northeastern Lydia 243

16 Eastern Lydia 244

17 Tmolus Range 249

18 Cilbian Plains 250

19 Cayster Valley 252

20 Southeastern Lydia 255

21 Bergama Museum (Ịzmir) 255

22 Ịzmir Archaeological Museum 255

23 Manisa Museum 255

24 Ödemiş Museum (Ịzmir) 256

25 Tire Museum Directorate (Ịzmir) 256.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780521519878

052151987X

OCLC:

317623282