Artificial intelligence in wireless communications / Thomas W. Rondeau, Charles W. Bostian.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rondeau, Thomas Warren.

Contributor:

Bostian, Charles W.

Series:

Artech House mobile communications series

Mobile communications series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cognitive radio networks.

Physical Description:

xiii, 213 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Boston : Artech House, [2009]

Summary:

This cutting-edge resource offers a practical overview of cognitive radio-a paradigm for wireless communications in which a network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters. The alteration of parameters is based on the active monitoring of several factors in the external and internal radio environments. This book offers a detailed description of cognitive radio and its individual parts. Professionals learn how basic processing elements and their capabilities are implemented as modular components. Moreover, the book explains how each component can be developed and tested independently before integration with the rest of the engine. Practitioners discover how cognitive radio uses artificial intelligence to achieve radio optimization. The book also provides an in-depth working example of the developed cognitive engine and an experimental scenario to help engineers understand its performance and behavior.

Contents:

1 Introduction to Cognitive Radio 1

1.1 Brief Concept of Cognitive Radio 2

1.2 Very Brief Cognitive Radio History 3

1.3 Definition 5

1.4 Contributions 6

1.5 Contents 8

References 8

2 The Cognitive Engine: Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Communications 11

2.1 Cognitive Radio Design 12

2.2 Cognitive Engine Design 14

2.3 Component Descriptions 16

2.3.1 Sensors 16

2.3.2 Optimizer 19

2.3.3 Decision Maker 20

2.3.4 Policy Engine 20

2.3.5 Radio Framework 21

2.3.6 User Interface 23

2.3.7 Cognitive Controller Configuration 23

2.4 Artificial Intelligence in Wireless Communications 24

2.5 Artificial Intelligence Techniques 25

2.5.1 Neural Networks 26

2.5.2 Hidden Markov Models (HMM) 27

2.5.3 Fuzzy Logic 28

2.5.4 Evolutionary Algorithms 28

2.5.5 Case-Based Reasoning 28

2.6 Conclusions 29

References 30

3 Overview and Basics of Software Defined Radios 33

3.1 Background 34

3.2 Benefits of Using SDR 36

3.3 Problems Faced by SDR 38

3.4 GNU Radio Design 39

3.4.1 The Universal Software Radio Peripheral 40

3.4.2 The USRP Version 2 41

3.4.3 Flow Graphs 41

3.4.4 Parallel Programming in GNU Radio 44

3.4.5 Flow Graph for Simulation and Experimentation 45

3.4.6 Available Knobs and Meters 47

3.5 Conclusions 50

References 51

4 Optimization of Radio Resources 53

4.1 Objective Space 53

4.2 Multiobjective Optimization: Objective Functions 55

4.2.1 Bit Error Rate (BER) 56

4.2.2 Bandwidth (Hz) 61

4.2.3 Spectral Efficiency (bits/Hz) 62

4.2.4 Interference 63

4.2.5 Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio (SINR) 64

4.2.6 Throughput 65

4.2.7 Power 66

4.2.8 Computational Complexity 67

4.3 Multiobjective Optimization: A Different Perspective 68

4.4 Multiobjective Analysis 68

4.4.1 Utility Functions 68

4.4.2 Population-Based Analysis 71

4.5 Conclusion 73

References 74

5 Genetic Algorithms for Radio Optimization 77

5.1 A Brief Review 77

5.2 Simple Example: The Knapsack Problem 78

5.3 Multiobjective GA 84

5.4 Wireless System Genetic Algorithm 86

5.4.1 Details of Chromosome Structure 88

5.4.2 Objective Function Definition 90

5.4.3 Optimal Individual Selection 91

5.5 Conclusions 93

References 94

6 Decision Making with Case-Based Learning 97

6.1 Case-Based Decision Theory 98

6.2 Cognitive Engine Architecture with CBDT 99

6.2.1 Memory and Forgetfulness 101

6.3 Cognitive Engine Case-Based Decision Theory Implementation 102

6.4 Simple CBDT Example 105

6.5 Cognitive Radio Example Problem 113

6.6 Conclusion 117

References 118

7 Cognitive Radio Networking and Rendezvous 119

7.1 Waveform Distribution and Rendezvous 120

7.2 Cognitive Radio Networks 121

7.3 Distributed AI 122

7.4 Conclusions 123

References 123

8 Example Cognitive Engine 125

8.1 Functional System Design 126

8.2 Simple Simulations 129

8.2.1 BER-only 129

8.2.2 BER and Power (1) 131

8.2.3 BER and Power (2) 132

8.2.4 Throughput 134

8.2.5 Waveform Efficiency 134

8.3 Interference Environment 137

8.3.1 Interference (1): Simple BER Tests 138

8.3.2 Interference (2): Sensor Problems 140

8.3.3 Interference (3): Correcting for Sensors 141

8.3.4 Interference (4): Throughput with Low Spectral Footprint 146

8.4 Case-Based Decision Theory Example 148

8.5 Over-the-Air Results 149

8.6 Conclusions 155

References 156

9 Conclusions 157

9.1 Application to Multicarrier Waveforms 158

9.2 Strategies, Not Waveforms 159

9.3 Enhanced Learning Systems 160

9.4 Final Thoughts 161

References 161

A Analysis of GNU Radio Simulation 163

A.1 Bit Error Rate Plots 163

B Additional BER Formulas 169

References 171

C OProfile and Results of Profiling GNU Radio 173

C.1 Introduction to OProfile 173

C.2 OProfile Results of GNU Radio Modulators 173

References 176

D XML and DTD Representation of the Cognitive Components 181

D.1 Waveform Representation 181

D.2 Objectives Sensor 185

D.3 Meters Sensor 186

D.4 PSD Sensor 187

D.5 Cognitive Controller Configuration 187

E Optimal Solutions of Knapsack Problems 191

F Simulation of an SINR Sensor 195

F.1 Sensor Design 195

F.2 Simulation 196

F.3 MATLAB Code 198

F.3.1 SINR Calculation Function 198

F.3.2 Plotting SINR with No Interference Power 200

F.3.3 Plotting SINR with Varying Interference Power 201.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781607832348

1607832348

OCLC:

313660994