Fatigue of structures and materials / Jaap Schijve.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Schijve, Jaap.

Contributor:

Class of 1924 Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials--Fatigue.

Materials.

Physical Description:

xxi, 621 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Dordrecht ; London : Springer, [2009]

Summary:

Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "exercises on all chapters which can be used in courses, but also for self-tuition and examinations. Secondly, the CD[-ROM] also includes more detailed information on design against fatigue, prediction scenarios, fatigue experiments (how and why), fractography, and analysis of case histories."--P. [4] ofr cover.

Contents:

1 Introduction to Fatigue of Structures and Materials 1

References 9

Part I Fatigue under Constant-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 2-8)

2 Fatigue as a Phenomenon in the Material 13

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Different phases of the fatigue life 14

2.3 Crack initiation 15

2.4 Crack growth 18

2.5 The fatigue mechanism in more detail 21

2.5.1 Crystallographic aspects 23

2.5.2 Crack initiation at inclusions 25

2.5.3 Small cracks, crack growth barriers, thresholds 29

2.5.4 Number of crack nuclei 32

2.5.5 Surface effects 36

2.5.6 Crack growth and striations 39

2.5.7 Environmental effects 44

2.5.8 Cyclic tension and cyclic torsion 47

2.6 Characteristic features of fatigue failures 48

2.6.1 Microscopic characteristics 50

2.6.2 Macroscopic characteristics 51

2.7 Main topics of the present chapter 55

References 56

3 Stress Concentration at Notches 59

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 Definition of Kt 60

3.3 Analytical calculations on stress concentrations 62

3.4 Effect of the notch geometry on Kt 69

3.5 Some additional aspects of stress concentrations 76

3.6 Superposition of notches 80

3.7 Methods for the determination of stress concentrations 82

3.8 Main topics of the present chapter 86

References 87

4 Residual Stress 89

4.1 Introduction 89

4.2 Different sources of residual stresses 91

4.3 Measurements or calculations of residual stresses 98

4.4 Estimation of the residual stress at a notch after a high load 99

4.5 How to remove residual stresses 102

4.6 Main topics of the present chapter 103

References 104

5 Stress Intensity Factors of Cracks 105

5.1 Introduction 105

5.2 Different types of cracks 108

5.3 Definition of the stress intensity factor 109

5.4 Examples of stress intensity factors 111

5.5 K factors obtained by superposition 122

5.6 Cracks with curved crack fronts 124

5.7 Crack opening and the state of stress 127

5.8 Crack tip plasticity 130

5.9 Some energy considerations 133

5.10 Determination of stress intensity factors 135

5.11 The similarity concept and the application of the stress intensity factor K 136

5.12 Main topics of the present chapter 138

References 139

6 Fatigue Properties 141

6.1 Introduction 141

6.2 Description of fatigue properties of unnotched material 143

6.3 Some general aspects of the fatigue strength of unnotched specimens 149

6.3.1 Relation between Sf and Su 149

6.3.2 Mean stress effects 150

6.3.3 The size effect for unnotched specimens 153

6.3.4 Type of loading, tension, bending, torsion 157

6.3.5 Combined loading 159

6.4 Low-cycle fatigue 162

6.5 Main topics of the present chapter 167

References 168

7 The Fatigue Strength of Notched Specimens 171

7.1 Introduction 171

7.2 The fatigue limit of notched specimens at Sm = 0 173

7.2.1 The similarity principle and the notch sensitivity 173

7.2.2 The size effect on the fatigue limit of notched specimens 175

7.3 The fatigue limit of notched specimens for Sm > 0 182

7.4 Notch effect under cyclic torsion 188

7.5 Notch effect on the fatigue limit for combined loading cases 190

7.6 Significance of the surface finish 192

7.7 Discussion on predictions of the fatigue limit 195

7.8 The S-N curves of notched specimens 202

7.9 The major topics of the present chapter 206

References 207

8 Fatigue Crack Growth. Analysis and Predictions 209

8.1 Introduction 209

8.2 Description of fatigue crack growth properties 211

8.2.1 Test results 211

8.2.2 The stress intensity factor and the similarity concept 212

8.2.3 Constant-δK tests 216

8.3 Fatigue crack growth regions 217

8.4 Crack closure 225

8.4.1 Plasticity induced crack closure and δKeff 225

8.4.2 Plane strain/plane stress 230

8.4.3 Thickness effect on fatigue crack growth 232

8.4.4 Other crack closure mechanisms 233

8.5 Crack growth data of different materials 234

8.6 Prediction of fatigue crack growth 240

8.6.1 Some basic aspects 240

8.6.2 Crack growth predictions for through cracks 243

8.6.3 Crack growth prediction for part through cracks 248

8.6.4 A final comment 252

8.7 Major topics of the present chapter 252

References 253

Part II Load Spectra and Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading (Chapters 9-11)

9 Load Spectra 259

9.1 Introduction 259

9.2 Different types of loads on a structure in service 261

9.3 Description of load histories 267

9.4 Determination of load spectra 280

9.4.1 The qualitative approach 281

9.4.2 The quantitative approach 284

9.5 Service-simulation fatigue tests and load spectra 287

9.6 Major aspects of the present chapter 291

References 292

10 Fatigue under Variable-Amplitude Loading 295

10.1 Introduction 296

10.2 The Miner rule 297

10.2.1 Effect of load cycles with stress amplitudes below the fatigue limit 299

10.2.2 Effect of notch root plasticity 300

10.2.3 Crack length at failure 302

10.2.4 What is basically wrong with the Miner rule? 302

10.3 Results of fatigue tests under VA loading 306

10.4 Alternative fatigue life prediction methods for VA loading 313

10.4.1 Damage calculations and extrapolation of S-N curves below the fatigue limit 313

10.4.2 The relative Miner rule 316

10.4.3 Strain history prediction model 316

10.4.4 Predictions based on service-simulation fatigue tests 318

10.5 Discussion of fatigue life predictions for VA loading 323

10.5.1 Life estimates for a specific component and the Miner rule 324

10.5.2 Considerations on the effect of the design stress level 325

10.5.3 Comparison between different options for design improvements 325

10.5.4 Comparison of different load spectra 325

10.6 Major topics of the present chapter 326

References 327

11 Fatigue Crack Growth under Variable-Amplitude Loading 329

11.1 Introduction 329

11.2 Crack growth under simple VA-stress histories 331

11.3 Crack growth under complex VA-stress histories 344

11.4 Crack growth prediction models for VA loading 351

11.4.1 Non-interaction model 352

11.4.2 Interaction models for prediction of fatigue crack growth under VA loading 353

11.5 Evaluation of prediction methods for fatigue crack growth under VA-load histories 361

11.6 Major topics of the present chapter 365

References 366

Part III Fatigue Tests and Scatter (Chapters 12 and 13)

12 Fatigue and Scatter 373

12.1 Introduction 373

12.2 Sources of scatter 373

12.3 Description of scatter 375

12.4 Some practical aspects of scatter 385

12.5 Major topics of the present chapter 392

References 393

13 Fatigue Tests 395

13.1 Introduction 395

13.2 Purposes of fatigue test programs 396

13.3 Specimens 397

13.4 Fatigue test procedures 402

13.5 Reporting about fatigue test results 406

13.6 Aspects of crack growth measurements 408

13.7 Main topics of this chapter 416

References 416

Part IV Special Fatigue Conditions (Chapters 14-17)

14 Surface Treatments 421

14.1 Introduction 421

14.2 Aspects of surface treatments 422

14.3 Some practical aspects of surface treatments 434

14.4 Summary of major topics of the present chapter 435

References 435

15 Fretting Corrosion 437

15.1 Introduction 437

15.2 The fretting corrosion mechanism 438

15.3 Effects on fretting corrosion 441

15.4 Methods to avoid fretting corrosion problems 447

15.5 Topics of the present chapter 454

References 455

16 Corrosion Fatigue 457

16.1 Introduction 457

16.2 Aspects of corrosion fatigue 459

16.2.1 Corrosion fatigue in gaseous environments 462

16.2.2 Corrosion fatigue in liquid environments 464

16.3 Practical aspects of corrosion fatigue 472

16.4 A case history 475

16.5 Topics of the present chapter 476

References 477

17 High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Fatigue 481

17.1 Introduction 481

17.2 Two example of high-temperature fatigue 483

17.3 Fatigue properties at high temperatures 487

17.4 Fatigue at low temperatures 490

17.5 Some general comments 494

References 495

Part V Fatigue of Joints and Structures (Chapters 18-20)

18 Fatigue of Joints 499

18.1 Introduction 499

18.2 Fatigue of lugs 501

18.3 Symmetric butt joints with rows of bolts or rivets 508

18.4 Bolts loaded in tension 511

18.5 Riveted and bolted joints with eccentricities 517

18.6 Adhesive-bonded joints 527

18.7 General discussion on predictions of fatigue properties of joints 529

18.8 Major topics of the present chapter 531

References 531

19 Fatigue of Welded Joints 535

19.1 Introduction 535

19.2 Some general aspects 536

19.3 Geometry aspects of welds 538

19.4 Fatigue life considerations for CA loading 545

19.5 Fatigue endurances of welded joints under VA loading 551

19.6 Two special cases 552

19.7 Spot welded joints 555

19.8 Major topics of the present chapter 556

References 557

20 Designing against Fatigue of Structures 559

20.1 Introduction 559

20.2 Different types of structural fatigue problems 560

20.3 Designing against fatigue 562

20.4 Uncertainties, scatter and safety margins 566

20.4.1 Uncertainties 566

20.4.2 Scatter and safety factors 567

20.5 Some case histories 574

20.5.1 Improved shoulder fillets 575

20.5.2 Secondary bending introduced by non-symmetric hole reinforcements 576

20.5.3 Cracked aircraft wing panel repaired with a poorly designed patch 580

20.5.4 Online structural health monitoring of the Tsing Ma Bridge 580

20.6 Summarizing conclusions 583

References 585

Part VI Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates (Chapter 21)

21 Fatigue Resistance of Fiber-Metal Laminates 589

21.1 Introduction 589

21.2 Laminated sheet material without fibers 591

21.3 Fiber-metal laminates Arall and Glare 595

21.3.1 The fiber-metal laminate concept 595

21.3.2 Fiber-metal laminates as sheet material 597

21.3.3 Crack growth in Glare 600

21.3.4 Fatigue properties of Glare components 603

21.4 More about Glare 606

21.4.1 Some typical properties of Glare 607

21.4.2 Production and design aspects of Glare structures 607

21.5 Some summarizing remarks 610.

Notes:

Previous ed.: Dordrecht; London: Kluwer Academic, 2001.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Class of 1924 Book Fund.

ISBN:

9781402068072

1402068077

1402068085

9781402068089

OCLC:

315061010