Nanomaterials : an introduction to synthesis, properties and application / Dieter Vollath.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Vollath, D.

Contributor:

Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanostructured materials.

Physical Description:

ix, 352 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, [2008]

Summary:

This first full-colored introduction to nanomaterials and nanotechnology addresses in particular the needs of engineers who have to know the special phenomena and potentials, without going into too much scientific detail of the physics and chemistry involved.

Based on the author's own successful courses, the book shows how to produce nanomaterials and use them in engineering applications for novel products. Following an introduction, the text goes on to treat synthesis, characterization techniques, thermal, optical, magnetic and electronic properties and finally, emerging applications.

Engineers looking for a sound introduction to the "nano world" will find this especially useful, since the features of nanomaterials are discussed from an application-oriented perspective.

Contents:

1.1 Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites 5

1.2 Elementary Consequences of Small Particle Size 11

1.2.1 Surface of Nanoparticles 11

1.2.2 Thermal Phenomena 12

1.2.3 Diffusion Scaling Law 13

2 Surfaces in Nanomaterials 21

2.2 Surface Energy 23

2.3 Some Technical Consequences of Surface Energy 33

3 Phase Transformations of Nanoparticles 41

3.1 Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles 41

3.2 Heat Capacity of Nanoparticles 42

3.3 Phase Transformations of Nanoparticles 45

3.4 Phase Transformation and Coagulation 54

3.5 Structures of Nanoparticles 55

3.6 A Closer Look at Nanoparticle Melting 60

3.7 Structural Fluctuations 64

4 Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles 71

4.1 Fundamental Considerations 71

4.2 Inert Gas Condensation Process 78

4.3 Physical and Chemical Vapor Synthesis Processes 79

4.4 Laser Ablation Process 83

4.5 The Microwave Plasma Process 86

4.6 Flame Aerosol Process 92

4.7 Synthesis of Coated Particles 103

5 Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles 109

5.1 Magnetic Materials 109

5.2 Superparamagnetic Materials 113

5.3 Susceptibility and Related Phenomena in Superparamagnets 125

5.4 Applications of Superparamagnetic Materials 132

5.5 Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Nanomaterials 136

6 Optical Properties of Nanoparticles 145

6.2 Adjustment of the Index of Refraction 145

6.3 Optical Properties Related to Quantum Confinement 149

6.4 Quantum Dots and Other Lumophores 161

6.5 Metallic and Semiconducting Nanoparticles in Transparent Matrices 169

6.6 Special Luminescent Nanocomposites 180

6.7 Electroluminescence 188

6.8 Photochromic and Electrochromic Materials 194

6.8.2 Photochromic Materials 195

6.8.3 Electrochromic Materials 200

6.9 Magneto-optic Applications 204

7 Electrical Properties of Nanoparticles 211

7.1 Fundamentals of Electrical Conductivity in Nanotubes and Nanorods 211

7.2 Carbon Nanotubes 216

7.3 Photoconductivity of Nanorods 222

7.4 Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites 225

8 Mechanical Properties of Nanoparticles 233

8.2 Bulk Metallic and Ceramic Materials 236

8.2.1 Influence of Porosity 236

8.2.2 Influence of Grain Size 238

8.2.3 Superplasticity 251

8.3 Filled Polymer Composites 253

8.3.1 Particle-Filled Polymers 253

8.3.2 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites Filled with Platelets 257

8.3.3 Carbon Nanotube-Based Composites 262

9 Nanofluids 267

9.1.1 Nanofluids for Improved Heat Transfer 267

9.2 Ferrofluids 270

9.2.2 Properties of Ferrofluids 271

9.2.3 Applications of Ferrofluids 272

10 Nanotubes, Nanorods, and Nanoplates 279

10.1.1 Conditions for the Formation of Rods and Plates 283

10.1.2 Layered Structures 285

10.1.3 One-Dimensional Crystals 286

10.2 Nanostructures Related to Compounds with Layered Structures 288

10.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes 288

10.2.2 Nanotubes and Nanorods from Materials other than Carbon 300

10.2.3 Synthesis of Nanotubes and Nanorods 303

11 Characterization of Nanomaterials 313

11.1 Global Methods for Characterization 313

11.1.1 Specific Surface Area 313

11.2 X-Ray and Electron Diffraction 319

11.3 Electron Microscopy 327

11.3.2 Interaction of the Electron Beam and Specimen 331

11.3.3 Localized Chemical Analysis in the Electron Microscope 334

11.3.4 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy using a High-Angle Annular Dark-Field (HAADF) Detector 340.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

ISBN:

3527315314

9783527315314

OCLC:

240999704