Battery management systems : accurate state-of-charge indication for battery powered applications / by Valer Pop ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Pop, Valer.

Louis A. Duhring Fund.

Series:

Philips Research ; v. 9.

Philips research book series ; v. 9

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Battery chargers.

Electric batteries.

Storage batteries.

Physical Description:

xx, 223 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

[Dordrecht] : Springer, 2008.

Summary:

Battery Management Systems: Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications describes the field of State-of-Charge (SoC) indication for rechargeable batteries. With the emergence of battery-powered devices accurately estimating the battery SoC, and even more important the remaining time of use, becomes more and more important.

An overview of the state-of-the-art of SoC indication methods including available market solutions from leading semiconductor companies, e.g. Texas Instruments, Microchip, Maxim, is given in the first part of this book. Furthermore, a universal SoC indication system that enables 1% or better accuracy under all realistic user conditions is developed. A possible integration with a newly developed ultra-fast recharging algorithm is also described.

The contents of this book builds further on the contents of the first volume in the Philips Research Book Series, Battery Management Systems - Design by Modelling. Since the subject of battery SoC indication requires a number of disciplines, this book covers all important disciplines starting from (electro)chemistry to understand battery behaviour, via mathematics to enable modelling of the observed battery behaviour and measurement science to enable accurate measurement of battery variables and assessment of the overall accuracy, to electrical engineering to enable an efficient implementation of the developed SoC indication system. It will therefore serve as an important source of information for any person working in engineering and involved in battery management.

Contents:

1.1 Battery Management Systems 1

1.2 State-of-Charge definition 3

1.3 Goal and motivation of the research described in this book 4

1.4 Scope of this book 6

2 State-of-the-Art of battery State-of-Charge determination 11

2.2 Battery technology and applications 11

2.2.1 General operational mechanism of batteries 13

2.2.2 Battery types and characteristics 14

2.3 History of State-of-Charge indication 16

2.4 A general State-of-Charge system 23

2.5 Possible State-of-Charge indication methods 24

2.5.1 Direct measurement 26

2.5.2 Book-keeping systems 32

2.5.3 Adaptive systems 34

2.6 Commercial State-of-Charge indication systems 38

3 A State-of-Charge indication algorithm 47

3.1 An introduction to the algorithm 47

3.2 Battery measurements and modelling for the State-of-Charge indication algorithm 47

3.2.1 EMF measurement and modelling 48

3.2.2 Overpotential measurement and modelling 50

3.3 States of the State-of-Charge algorithm 52

3.4 Main issues of the algorithm 54

3.4.1 EMF measurement, modelling and implementation 55

3.4.2 Overpotential measurement, modelling and implementation 57

3.4.3 Adaptive systems 58

3.5 General remarks on the accuracy of SoC indication systems 59

4 Methods for measuring and modelling a battery's Electro-Motive Force 63

4.1 EMF measurement 63

4.2 Voltage prediction 69

4.2.1 Equilibrium detection 69

4.2.2 Existing voltage-relaxation models used for voltage prediction 70

4.2.3 A new voltage-relaxation model 73

4.2.4 Implementation aspects of the voltage-relaxation model 75

4.2.5 Comparison of results obtained with the different voltage-relaxation models 81

4.3 Hysteresis 83

4.4 Electo-Motive Force modelling 86

5 Methods for measuring and modelling a battery's overpotential 95

5.1 Overpotential measurements 95

5.1.1 Overpotential measurements involving partial charge/discharge steps 95

5.1.2 Overpotential measurements involving full (dis)charge steps 100

5.2 Overpotential modelling and simulation 103

5.2.1 Overpotential modelling 103

5.2.2 Simulation results 104

6 Battery aging process 111

6.1 General aspects of battery aging 111

6.1.1 Li-ion battery aging 111

6.1.2 Q[subscript max] measurements 113

6.2 EMF measurements as a function of battery aging 114

6.2.1 The voltage-relaxation model as a function of battery aging 114

6.2.2 EMF GITT measurement results obtained for aged batteries 120

6.2.3 The charge/discharge Electro-Motive Force difference as a function of battery aging 125

6.2.4 EMF modelling as a function of battery aging 130

6.3 Overpotential dependence on battery aging 132

6.3.1 Overpotential measurements as a function of aging 132

6.4 Adaptive systems 137

6.4.1 Electro-Motive Force adaptive system 137

6.4.2 Overpotential adaptive system 140

7 Measurement results obtained with new SoC algorithms using fresh batteries 145

7.2 Implementation aspects of the algorithm 146

7.2.1 A new SoC algorithm 146

7.2.2 Implementation aspects of the SoC algorithm 150

7.3 Results obtained with the algorithm using fresh batteries 151

7.4 Uncertainty analysis 155

7.4.1 Uncertainty in the real-time SoC evaluation system 155

7.4.2 The SoC uncertainty 158

7.4.3 The remaining run-time uncertainty 161

7.5 Improvements in the new SoC algorithm 164

7.5.1 A new State-of-Charge-Electro-Motive Force relationship 164

7.5.2 A new State-of-Charge-left model 165

7.5.3 Determination of the parameters of the new models 166

7.5.4 Test results 169

7.5.5 Uncertainty analysis 173

7.6 Comparison with Texas Instruments' bq26500 SoC indication IC 174

7.6.1 The bq26500 SoC indicator 174

7.6.2 Comparison of the two SoC indicators 176

8 Universal State-of-Charge indication for battery-powered applications 181

8.2 Implementation aspects of the overpotential adaptive system 182

8.3 SoC=f(EMF) and SoC[subscript 1] adaptive system 183

8.4 Results obtained with the adaptive SoC system using aged batteries 185

8.5 Uncertainty analysis 188

8.6 Results obtained with other Li-based battery 189

8.6.1 EMF and SoC[subscript 1] modelling results obtained for the Li-based battery 190

8.6.2 Experimental results 196

8.7 Practical implementation aspects of the SoC algorithm 200

8.7.1 Hardware design of the evaluation board 200

8.7.2 Software design of the evaluation board 204

8.7.3 Measurement results 205

8.7.4 Boostcharging 208.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Louis A. Duhring Fund.

ISBN:

9781402069444

1402069448

1402069456

9781402069451

OCLC:

191760033