Race and crime / Shaun L. Gabbidon, Helen Taylor Greene.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Gabbidon, Shaun L., 1967-

Contributor:

Greene, Helen Taylor, 1949-

Lipman Criminology Library Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Crime and race--United States.

Crime and race.

United States.

Criminal justice, Administration of--United States.

Criminal justice, Administration of.

Discrimination in criminal justice administration--United States.

Discrimination in criminal justice administration.

Minorities--United States.

Minorities.

Physical Description:

xvi, 371 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Los Angeles : Sage, [2009]

Summary:

The Second Edition of the popular Race and Crime addresses two major goals. First, the text examines the history of how racial and ethnic groups (including African Americans/Blacks, Asian Americans, Latinos/Latinas, Native Americans, and Whites) intersect with the U.S. criminal justice system. Second, the authors investigate key contemporary issues relevant to understanding the current state of race/ethnicity and crime in the United States. To achieve these goals, Race and Crime studies the historical background and current issues in the context of policing, courts, sentencing, juvenile justice, and corrections.

New to the Second Edition: Includes updated tables, figures, and photos throughout, Incorporates a new chapter on the death penalty, Provides an expanded Chapter 1 with new coverage of all racial and ethnic groups, new immigration trends, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and critical race theory, Delivers an enhanced Chapter 3, which presents new studies and theoretical perspectives, including new psychological theories on prejudice, Offers new Highlight Boxes covering topics such as the Duke rape case, the Virginia Tech shootings, and updated coverage of racial and ethnic profiling, Includes new discussion questions and Internet exercises at the end of each chapter.

Contents:

1 Overview of Race and Crime 1

Prejudice and Discrimination 5

Historical Antecedents of Race and Crime in America 7

Native Americans 7

African Americans 9

White Ethnics 19

Latino Americans 25

Asian Americans 29

2 Extent of Crime and Victimization 37

History of Crime and Victimization Statistics in the United States 40

The Uniform Crime Reporting Program 41

Victimization Surveys 45

Limitations of Arrest and Victimization Data 46

Definitions of Racial Categories 46

Variations in Reporting and Recording 48

Utilization of Population, Crime, Arrest, and Victimization Estimates 49

Arrest Trends 49

Victimization Trends 52

Homicide Victimizations 53

Hate Crime Trends 55

3 Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Crime 61

What Is Theory? 62

Biology, Race, and Crime 63

Crime and Human Nature 64

Intelligence, Race, and Crime 65

r/K Life History Theory 66

Sociological Explanations 69

Social Disorganization 70

Contemporary Social Disorganization Theory 72

Mass Incarceration and Social Disorganization 75

Collective Efficacy 75

Culture Conflict Theory 76

Strain/Anomie Theory 78

Limitations of Strain/Anomie Theory 79

General Strain Theory 80

Subcultural Theory 81

The Subculture of Violence Theory 81

The Code of the Streets 85

Conflict Theory 88

Conflict Theory, Race, and Crime 89

The Colonial Model 92

Integrated and Nontraditional Theories on Race and Crime 94

Structural-Cultural Theory 94

Abortion, Race, and Crime 95

Critical Race Theory 96

4 Policing 99

Overview of Policing in America 100

Historical Overview of Race and Policing 102

Native Americans 104

African Americans 107

Asian Americans 108

Latinos 109

White Immigrants 110

Contemporary Issues in Race and Policing 111

Citizen Satisfaction With Police 112

Police Deviance 115

Racial Profiling 118

Police Accountability 126

Police Innovations 127

5 Courts 131

Overview of American Courts: Actors and Processes 134

A Note on the Philosophy, Operation, and Structure of Native American Courts 136

Historical Overview of Race and the Courts in America 138

Native Americans 138

African Americans 139

Latinos 141

Asian Americans 142

Contemporary Issues in Race and the Courts 143

Bail and the Pretrial Process 143

Race and Pretrial Release 144

Scholarship on Bail and Pretrial Release 145

Legal Counsel 147

Defense Counsel 147

Statewide Study of Pennsylvania's Public Defense System 148

Plea Bargaining 149

Jury Selection 150

Voir Dire 152

Jury Nullification 155

Drug Courts 157

Structure and Philosophy of Drug Courts 158

Effectiveness of Drug Courts 159

6 Sentencing 163

Sentencing Philosophies 164

Sentencing and Politics 164

Historical Overview of Race and Sentencing 165

Punishment in Colonial America 165

Early Colonial Cases 166

Crime and Justice in Colonial New York 169

Early National Sentencing Statistics 172

The 1980s to 2000s: The Changing Nature of Sentencing Practices 173

The "War on Drugs" 176

Contemporary Issues in Race and Sentencing 177

Scholarship on Race and Sentencing 177

Race and Misdemeanor Sentencing 182

Sentencing Disparities and the "War on Drugs" 183

Minority Judges 189

7 The Death Penalty 201

Significant Death Penalty Cases 201

Historical Overview of Race and the Death Penalty 204

Current Statistics on the Death Penalty 208

State Death Penalty Statistics 208

Federal Death Penalty Statistics 208

Scholarship on Race and the Death Penalty 214

Substitution Thesis/Zimring Analysis 215

Public Opinion and the Death Penalty 217

Race and Support for the Death Penalty 218

The Marshall Hypotheses 220

Contemporary Issues in Race and the Death Penalty 221

Capital Jury Project 221

Wrongful Convictions 222

Death Penalty Moratorium Movement 228

8 Corrections 231

Overview of American Corrections 232

Public Opinion and Corrections 233

Historical Overview of Race and Corrections 234

Early National Prison Statistics 238

Prison Gangs 242

Contemporary State of Corrections 245

Jails 247

Probation and Parole 249

Contemporary Issues in Race and Corrections 250

Explaining Racial Disparities in Corrections 250

Prisoner Reentry Concerns 253

Felon Disenfranchisement 258

Political Prisoners 260

9 Juvenile Justice 263

Overview of Juvenile Justice 264

Historical Overview of Race and Juvenile Justice 267

The Child Savers 268

Juvenile Courts 269

Juvenile Crime and Victimization 270

Data on Youth in the Juvenile Justice System 280

Contemporary Issues in Race and Juvenile Justice 281

Disproportionate Minority Confinement 281

The Future of DMC 285

Minority Female Delinquency 286

Juveniles, Race, and the Death Penalty 288

Delinquency Prevention 290.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-344) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Lipman Criminology Library Fund.

ISBN:

9781412967785

1412967783

OCLC:

228363476