Data mining for intelligence, fraud, & criminal detection : advanced analytics & information sharing technologies / Christopher Westphal.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Westphal, Christopher R. (Christopher Ralph), 1965-

Contributor:

Lipman Criminology Library Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Law enforcement--United States.

Law enforcement.

Data mining.

United States.

Data mining--United States.

Physical Description:

xxii, 426 pages : illustrations, maps ; 27 cm

Other Title:

Data mining for intelligence, fraud, and criminal detection

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2009]

Summary:

In 2004, the Government Accountability Office provided a report detailing approximately 200 government-based data-mining projects. While there is comfort in knowing that there are many effective systems, that comfort isn't worth much unless we can determine that these systems are being effectively and responsibly employed.

Written by one of the most respected consultants in the area of data mining and security, Data Mining for Intelligence, Fraud, & Criminal Detection: Advanced Analytics & Information Sharing Technologies reviews the tangible results produced by these systems and evaluates their effectiveness. Going beyond a discussion of the various technologies, the author outlines the issues of information sharing and the effective interpretation of results, which are critical to any integrated homeland security effort. Part 1 provides a fundamental understanding of the types of data that can be used in current systems. It covers approaches to analyzing data and clearly delineates how to connect the dots among different data elements, Part 2 provides real-world examples derived from actual operational systems to show how data is used, manipulated, and interpreted in domains involving human smuggling, money laundering, narcotics trafficking, and corporate fraud, Part 3 provides an overview of the many information-sharing systems, organizations, and task forces as well as data interchange formats. It also discusses optimal information-sharing and analytical archtectures.

Currently, there is very little published literature that truly defines real-world systems. Although politics and other factors all play into how much one agency is willing to support the sharing of its resources, many now embrace the wisdom of that path. This book will provide those individuals with an understanding of what approaches are currently available and how they can be most effectively employed.

Contents:

Part 1 Interpreting Patterns and Analytical Methodologies

Sharing Data 5

Connect the Dots 8

Analytical Versus Referential Data 18

Information Sharing 25

2 The Quality of Data 33

Value Errors 35

Missing Data and Bad Structures 39

Unique Adresses 42

Distinct Phone Numbers 44

Individual ID Numbers 45

Anomalous Accounts 46

One-of-a-Kind Transactions 46

Original Organizations 47

Perspicuous People 48

Entity Resolution 50

Anonymous Resolution 62

3 What Are Patterns? 67

Which Pattern Is More Important? 72

Do These Patterns Make Sense? 78

Is This a Reliable Pattern? 81

Is This an Actionable Pattern? 85

Which Patterns Is More Valuable? 87

What Does this Pattern Show? 90

Who Is the Most Important Person? 97

Part 2 Real-World Examples and Operations

4 Border Protection 105

I-94 Arrival/Departure Records 106

Land Border Targeting 113

Cluster by Hour of the Day (HOD) 130

Cluster by Day of the Week (DOW) 133

Cluster by Date 133

Cluster by Port of Entry (POE) 137

Clusters by Lane 137

Cluster by Inspector 139

Cluster by City/State 139

Cluster by VIN 140

Putting It Together 140

5 Money Laundering and Financial Crimes 143

Suspicious Activity Reports 159

Structuring Transactions 161

Bust-Out Schemes 169

A Consumer Bust-Out Scheme 173

Busting and Kiting 175

Identity Fraud 177

Large Connections 181

Attorneys and Law Firms 188

Cheap Motels 191

Location, Location, Location 194

Individual Taxpayer Identification Number 198

SAR Versus STR 200

Timing Is Everything 205

False Temporal Patterns 213

6 Money Service Businesses 223

What Is a Money Service Business? 224

Why Wire Remitters? 225

Steps of a Wire Remittance 226

Structure of a Wire Transfer 228

Combating Human Smuggling 238

The Smuggling Process 240

Changing the Rules 250

Seizing Assets 252

Corridor States 254

Drug Dealers 258

Suspicious Activity Reports 262

Elder Abuse Pattern 266

Ornery Old Man 269

Other MSB Patterns 272

Multiple Locations 272

Minimal Overlaps 274

Official Deposits 274

Heavenly Offerings 278

Dirty Dancing 280

7 Fraud Analytics 283

Warranty Fraud Anecdotes 286

Automobile Warranties 287

Hurricane Katrina 292

Corporate Frauds 298

Employees as Vendors 298

Vendors as Vendors 300

Corporate Expenses 304

Duplicate Payments 308

Human Resources 313

Gift Card Fraud 317

Additional Examples 324

Pharmaceutical 325

Phishing/Click Fraud 325

Tax Evasion 329

Medicare Claim Fraud 332

Part 3 Information Sharing and Fusion Centers

8 Information-Sharing Protocols 349

Global Justice XML Data Model (Global JXDM) 351

Data Dictionary 352

Data Model 353

Component Reuse Repository 356

National Information Exchange Model 362

28 CFR Part 23 364

9 Information-Sharing Systems 371

Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS) 376

Citizen and Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting (CLEAR) 377

Comprehensive Regional Information Management Exchange System (CRIMES) 379

Factual Analysis Criminal Threat Solution (FACTS) System 381

Florida Information Network for Data Exchange and Retrieval (FINDER) 382

Ohio Local Law Enforcement Information Sharing Network (OLLEISN) 383

Law Enforcement Information Exchange (LInX) 385

OneDOJ, R-DEx, N-DEx 386

Law Enforcement Online (LEO) 388

Joint Regional Information Exchange System (JRIES) 389

Joint Terrorism Task Force (IJTTF) 389

StateLevel Fusion Centers 392

High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) 395

High Intensity Financial Crime Area (HIFCA) 397

Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) 404.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Lipman Criminology Library Fund.

ISBN:

9781420067231

1420067230

OCLC:

156812745