How the immune system recognizes self and nonself : immunoreceptors and their signaling / Daisuke Kitamura, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kitamura, Daisuke.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Immune recognition.

Immunocompetent cells.

Cellular signal transduction.

Receptors, Immunologic--physiology.

Immunity, Cellular--physiology.

Lymphocytes--physiology.

Medical Subjects:

Receptors, Immunologic--physiology.

Immunity, Cellular--physiology.

Lymphocytes--physiology.

Physical Description:

251 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Tokyo ; New York : Springer, [2008]

Summary:

The immune system is a highly evolved security system that protects the body from infection by pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. The immune system also recognizes and rejects a transplanted organ from even the same species. Indeed, the immune system potentially recognizes and eliminates everything that invades the body (nonself). However, it does not normally eliminate self cells or tissues except tumor cells developed from self tissue. Occasionally the immune system breaks down and attacks the body components of the self, manifesting as autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, and insulin-resistant diabetes. This book contains extensive updated reviews describing what kinds of receptors various immune cells use, how they recognize the self and the nonself components (and "neoself" such as tumors), and how finally the immune system distinguishes the self and nonself - a far more complicated process than a computer security system detecting infected documents. Perfect understanding of this system should make it possible in the future to regulate immunity to transplants, to cure autoimmune disease and allergy, and to facilitate tumor immunity.

Contents:

1 Recognition of Pathogens: Toll-Like Receptors / Satoshi Uematsu, Shizuo Akira 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Innate Immunity 1

1.3 Pathogen Recognition by TLR 5

1.4 Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways 9

1.5 Negative Regulation of TLR Signaling 17

1.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects 22

2 Strategies of Natural Killer (NK) Cell Recognition and Their Roles in Tumor Immunosurveillance / C. Andrew Stewart, Eric Vivier 37

2.1 Introduction: An Interesting Epistemological Case 37

2.2 Natural Killer Cells in Innate Immunity 38

2.3 Natural Killer Cell Recognition of "Missing-Self" : An Array of Inhibitory Cell Surface Receptors 40

2.4 Complexity of the "NK Cell Zipper" 44

2.5 Coordination of NK Cell Activating and Inhibitory Signals in Cancer 53

2.6 Programming a "Natural" Killer: Steady-State and Situation-Specific Regulation of NK Effector Functions 62

2.7 Conclusions and Perspectives: NK Cells, "Self Versus Nonself," and Cancer 67

3 Recent Progress on Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors / Hiromi Kubagawa, Ching-Cheng Chen, Ikuko Torii, Max D. Cooper, Kyoko Masuda, Yoshimoto Katsura, Hiroshi Kawamoto 83

3.1 Introduction 83

3.2 PIR Expression by Early Hematopoietic Cells 85

3.3 PIR Expression by Thymocyte Progenitors 86

3.4 Differentiation Potential of PIR+ and PIR- Lymphoid Progenitors 87

3.5 PIR Expression by Dendritic Cell Precursors 89

3.6 PIR Ligands 90

3.7 Paired Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Function 92

3.8 Conclusion 94

4 Self-nonself Recognition through B-Cell Antigen Receptor / Daisuke Kitamura 99

4.1 Introduction 99

4.2 Signal Transduction from BCR 101

4.3 BCR Signaling Pathways for Immune Response 112

4.4 BCR Signaling Pathways for Self Tolerance 116

4.5 Concluding Remarks: To Respond or Not to Respond, That is the Question 120

5 How Do T Cells Discriminate Self from Nonself? / Catherine Mazza, Bernard Malissen 133

5.1 Introduction 133

5.2 Structure of the TCR Complex 135

5.3 How Does the αβ TCR Convey Signals Across the Membrane? 140

5.4 TCR Assembly During Intrathymic Development 147

5.5 How TCRs Bind pMHC 149

5.6 What Causes the Restriction in Orientation Imposed on TCR-pMHC Interactions? 156

5.7 Rationalizing the Purpose of TCR αβ Positive Selection 159

5.8 Recessive and Dominant Tolerance 161

5.9 Evolutionary Perspectives 162

6 Fc Receptors / Falk Nimmerjahn, Jeffrey V. Ravetch 173

6.1 Introduction 173

6.2 Fc Receptors-Basic Facts 174

6.3 Fc Receptors Signaling 178

6.4 Fc Receptor Biology In Vivo 181

6.5 Summary 192

7 Self and Nonself Recognition by Coreceptors on B Lymphocytes: Regulation of B lymphocytes by CD19, CD21, CD22, and CD72 / Kozo Watanabe, Takeshi Tsubata 199

7.1 Introduction 199

7.2 Regulation of B Cells by CD19/CD21 Complex 200

7.3 Regulation of B Cells by CD22 206

7.4 Regulation of B Cells by CD72 210

7.5 Self and Nonself Recognition by Coreceptors on B cells 212

8 Co-Receptors in the Positive and Negative Regulation of T-Cell Immunity / Helga Schneider, Christopher E. Rudd 221

8.1 Introduction 221

8.2 Positive Co-stimulatory Molecules 224

8.3 Negative Co-stimulatory Molecules 229

8.4 Conclusion 236.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9784431738831

4431738835

OCLC:

240172855