X-ray and neutron reflectivity : principles and applications / J. Daillant, A. Gibaud (eds.).

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Daillant, J. (Jean)

Gibaud, Alain, 1956-

Series:

Lecture notes in physics ; 770.

Lecture notes in physics, 0075-8450 ; 770

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

X-rays--Scattering.

X-rays.

Neutrons--Scattering.

Neutrons.

Physical Description:

xiv, 348 pages : illustrations (partly color) ; 24 cm.

Edition:

[Second edition].

Place of Publication:

Berlin : Springer, [2009]

Summary:

This book is the first comprehensive introduction to X-ray and neutron reflectivity techniques and illustrates them with many examples. After a pedagogical introduction on the interaction of X-rays and neutrons with matter, the interplay between the statistics of rough surfaces and interfaces and the scattering of radiation is considered in detail. Specular reflectivity and diffuse scattering are discussed next, in chapters 3 and 4. The approximations are rigorously introduced and many experimental effects are discussed. The specific aspects of neutron reflectivity require separate treatment, given in chapter 5. Chapter 6 turns to X-ray reflectivity by rough multilayers. Eventually, chapter 7 introduces and discusses the by now well-established method of grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering to investigate nanostructures.

For the second edition, the material has been completely reorganized so as to meet the demand for a modern multiauthor textbook for PhD students and young researchers. All chapters have further been throughly revised, updated and, were appropriate, suitably augmented.

The first edition has been published as Lect. Notes Phys. m58 in the same series.

Contents:

1 The Interaction of X-Rays (and Neutrons) with Matter / F. de Bergevin 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Generalities and Definitions 2

1.3 From the Scattering by an Object to the Propagation in a Medium 14

1.4 X-Rays 26

1.5 X-Rays: Anisotropic Scattering 47

1.A Appendix: the Born Approximation 54

2 Statistical Aspects of Wave Scattering at Rough Surfaces / A. Sentenac, J. Daillant 59

2.1 Introduction 59

2.2 Description of Randomly Rough Surfaces 60

2.3 Description of a Surface Scattering Experiment, Coherence Domains 67

2.4 Statistical Formulation of the Diffraction Problem 72

2.5 Statistical Formulation of the Scattered Intensity Under the Born Approximation 79

3 Specular Reflectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces / A. Gibaud, G. Vignaud 85

3.1 The Reflected Intensity from an Ideally Flat Surface 85

3.2 X-Ray Reflectivity in Stratified Media 98

3.3 From Dynamical to Kinematical Theory 107

3.4 Influence of the Roughness on the Matrix Coefficients 111

3.A Appendix: The Treatment of Roughness in Specular Reflectivity 113

3.B Appendix: Inversion of reflectivity data 117

4 Diffuse Scattering / J. Daillant, S. Mora, A. Sentenac 133

4.1 Differential Scattering Cross-Section for X-Rays 134

4.2 First Born Approximation 141

4.3 Distorted Wave Born Approximation 145

4.4 From the Scattering Cross-Section to the Scattered Intensity 153

4.5 Examples 160

4.A Appendix: The Reciprocity Theorem 170

4.B Appendix: Verification of the Integral Equation in the Case of the Reflection by a Thin Film on a Substrate 172

4.C Appendix: Interface Roughness in a Multilayer Within the Born Approximation 173

4.D Appendix: Quantum Mechanical Approach of Born and Distorted-Wave Born Approximations 175

5 Neutron Reflectometry / C. Fermon, F. Ott, A. Menelle 183

5.1 Introduction 183

5.2 Schrodinger Equation and Neutron-Matter Interactions 185

5.3 Reflectivity on Non-Magnetic Systems 188

5.4 Neutron Reflectivity on Magnetic Systems 193

5.5 Non-Perfect Layers, Practical Problems and Experimental Limits 206

5.6 The Spectrometers 211

5.7 Non-Magnetic Reflectivity 213

5.8 Polarized Neutron Reflectometry on Magnetic Systems 218

5.9 Off-Specular Scattering 225

5.10 Grazing Incidence Scattering 228

5.11 Conclusion on Neutron Reflectometry 229

6 X-Ray Reflectivity by Rough Multilayers / T. Baumbach, P. Mikulik 235

6.1 Introduction 235

6.2 Description of Rough Multilayers 237

6.3 Set-Up of X-Ray Reflectivity Experiments 240

6.4 Specular X-Ray Reflection 243

6.5 Non-Specular X-Ray Reflection 253

6.6 Interface Roughness in Surface-Sensitive Diffraction Methods 266

6.7 X-Ray Reflection from Multilayer Gratings 269

6.A Appendix: Reciprocal Space Constructions for Reflectivity 277

7 Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering from Nanostructures / R. Lazzari 283

7.1 Introduction 283

7.2 The GISAXS Scattering Geometry 285

7.3 Scattering from Density Inhomogeneities in DWBA: The Case of Isolated Particles 287

7.4 Scattering from Collections of Particles 306

7.5 Experimental Considerations in GISAXS 329

7.6 Examples of GISAXS Experiments in Hard Condensed Matter: Islands on Surfaces 330

7.7 Soft Condensed Matter GISAXS Studies: A Nanometer Scale Crystallographic Study of Self-Organization in Templated Silica Thin Films 337.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9783540885870

3540885870

3540885889

9783540885887

OCLC:

261955200