Pakistan's nuclear weapons / Bhumitra Chakma.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chakma, Bhumitra.

Series:

Routledge security in Asia Pacific series ; 7.

Routledge security in Asia Pacific series ; 7

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nuclear weapons--Pakistan.

Nuclear weapons.

Nuclear nonproliferation--Government policy.

Nuclear nonproliferation.

Military policy.

Pakistan.

Pakistan--Military policy.

Nuclear nonproliferation--Government policy--Pakistan.

Physical Description:

xvi, 187 pages : illustrations, maps ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Routledge, 2009.

Contents:

The second nuclear age 1

'How to Deter?': deterrence dilemmas in the second nuclear age 3

The study: objectives and structure 6

Significance of the study 7

2 Pakistan's Nuclearization Process: Proliferation Lessons and the Rise of the Second Nuclear Age 9

Phase I 1954-71 10

The origins of Pakistan's nuclear programme 11

India's nuclear activities and transformation of nuclear perception in Pakistan 13

The 1965 Indo-Pakistani war and Pakistan's nuclear thinking 16

Importance of the 1968 NPT decision 16

Popular nuclear discourse, the 1970 general elections, and the nuclear issue 17

Phase II 1971-89 18

The 1971 Bangladesh war: break-up of Pakistan and its strategic consequences 19

Bhutto's preliminary - yet crucial - nuclear initiatives 20

India's 1974 'Peaceful Nuclear Explosion' and Pakistan 21

Diplomatic offensive and quest for a security guarantee 22

Bhutto's accelerated quest for nuclear weapons capability 24

Zia takes over: his initial difficulties 25

The USSR's Afghan occupation and its impact on Pakistan's nuclear programme 26

Regional nuclear dynamics in the 1980s and Pakistan's nuclear posture 28

Phase III 1990-98 31

Post-Cold war international environment and Pakistan 31

The 1990 Kashmir crisis 32

Pakistan's increasingly assertive nuclear posture 34

The 1995 NPT renewal 35

The 1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 36

The inevitable 'Tit-for-Tat' 36

3 Pakistan's Emerging Nuclear Posture and Doctrinal Contemplation 39

Pre-tests nuclear posture, doctrinal, and command and control issues 40

Factors affecting Pakistan's evolving nuclear posture 43

The perception of the Indian threat 44

External pressure 44

Domestic political dynamics and resource availability 46

Post-tests nuclear posture and doctrinal development 47

i Indo-centric minimum nuclear deterrence 47

ii Principle of massive retaliation 51

iii Policy of nuclear first-use 52

iv Counter-value nuclear targeting 55

4 Pakistan's Nuclear Deterrent: Force Level and Missile Capabilities 58

Current level of nuclear warheads 58

Nuclear delivery systems 61

Aircraft 61

Missile systems: current capabilities and politics of acquisition 62

Dynamics of Pakistan's missile capability build-up: origins and its evolution 66

5 Command and Control System 73

The National Command Authority 75

Assessing the Pakistani command and control system 77

6 Pakistan and the Global Non-proliferation Regime 81

The Non-Proliferation Treaty 83

NPT negotiations 1965-68: Pakistani stance 84

Changes and continuity in the Pakistani NPT policy 1970-98 86

1995 NPT renewal and extension, and the NPT debate in Pakistan 88

The 1998 nuclear tests and their aftermath: Pakistan's demand for NWS status 89

The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 90

Pre-1996 nuclear test ban policy 91

CTBT negotiations 1994-96 92

The May 1998 nuclear tests and their aftermath 95

The International Atomic Energy Agency 98

7 Proliferation Control Challenges, Nuclear Terrorism, and Pakistan 104

Proliferation control challenges in the second nuclear age 106

The Khan network 107

Origins of the network 107

Cases 108

Explaining the Pakistani challenges 121

Pakistan and nuclear terrorism in the new era 124

Conclusion: implications of the Pakistani case 125

Future of nuclear-armed Pakistan 131

Government and nfficial publications 166

Articles and books 168

Periodicals 181.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [166]-180) and index.

ISBN:

9780415408714

0415408717

9780203892237

0203892232

OCLC:

199464165