Auditory perception : an analysis and synthesis / Richard M. Warren.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Warren, Richard M.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Auditory perception.

Speech perception.

Auditory Perception.

Speech Perception.

Medical Subjects:

Auditory Perception.

Speech Perception.

Physical Description:

xiii, 264 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Summary:

This revised and updated Third Edition describes the nature of sound, how sound is analyzed by the auditory system, and the rules and principles governing our interpretation of auditory input. It covers many topics including sound and the auditory system, locating sound sources, the basis for loudness judgments, perception of acoustic sequences, perceptual restoration of obliterated sounds, speech production and perception, and the relation of hearing to perception in general. Whilst keeping the consistent style of the previous editions, many new features have been added, including suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter, a section on functional imaging of the brain, expanded information on pitch and infrapitch, and additional information on speech processing. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in auditory perception, behavioral sciences, psychology, neurobiology, architectural acoustics, and the hearing sciences will find this book an excellent guide.

Contents:

1 Sound and the auditory system 1

The nature of auditory stimuli 1

Our auditory apparatus 5

The outer ear and the middle ear 5

Structure of the inner ear 9

Neural structures and auditory pathways 13

Mechanics for stimulation within the inner ear 16

The auditory-acoustic paradox: excellent discrimination from a poor instrument 22

Electrophysiological response of the cochlea and peripheral neural apparatus 23

The resting potential 23

The summating potential 23

The cochlear microphonic 24

Whole-nerve action potential 25

Single-unit receptor potentials 25

Single-unit generator potentials 26

Action potentials of auditory nerve fibers 27

Investigation of human cortical function 31

fMRI 31

PET 32

EEG and MEG 33

2 Spatial localization and binaural hearing 35

Binaural perception of azimuth 36

Minimal audible angle 40

Binaural beats 41

Detection of interatural delays for clicks and for complex sounds 42

Contralateral induction 45

Masking level differences 48

Two types of temporal disparity 50

Time-intensity trading 51

Some cautions concerning interpretation of studies using headphones 52

Importance of the pinnae in sound localization 52

Room acoustics 56

Auditory reorientation 57

Estimates of distance from the source 59

Sensory input and physical correlates 63

3 Perception of acoustic repetition: pitch and infrapitch 64

Classical pitch studies 65

Masking 69

Critical bands 72

Comodulation and masking reduction 72

Place theory of pitch 74

Periodicity theory of pitch 75

Schouten's residue pitch 76

Pitch of inharmonic complexes 77

Spectral dominance 79

Complex tones and local temporal patterns on the basilar membrane 79

Use of special versus model periodic stimuli 82

Iterated noise segments as representative or model periodic sounds 83

Pitch and infrapitch iterance 85

Echo pitch and infrapitch echo 91

Periodic signals with alternating polarity 95

Pitches produced by dichotic interactions 101

Ear dominance for perception of pitch 102

Musical pitch and musical infraptich (rhythm) 102

Deviations from strict periodicity in the pitch range 103

Some models for the pitch of complex tones 104

4 Judging auditory magnitudes: the sone scale of loudness and the mel scale of pitch 107

Sensory input and perception 107

The history of loudness measurement 108

Loudness judgments and their relation to auditory localization: the physical correlate theory 111

1 Equivalence of half-loudness and twice distance estimates 113

2 Loudness and the inverse square law 113

3 Effects of reverberation on loudness functions 117

4 Loudness of self-generated sound 119

5 A new physical correlate can result in a new loudness scale 121

The mel scale of pitch magnitude 122

Some conclusions and inferences 124

5 Perception of acoustic sequences 126

Rate at which component sounds occur in speech and music 126

Identification of components and their order 127

Identification of the order of components for extended sequences of unrelated sounds and for steady-state phonemes 129

Identification of order within tonal sequences 130

Limits of stream segregation as an explanatory principle 131

Identification of order and verbal labeling 131

Need for verbal labeling for serial order retention in memory experiments 133

Identification of patterns without discrimination of order: global pattern recognition 134

Extent of temporal mismatch permitting global pattern recognition 136

Should practiced or unpracticed subjects be used in sequence experiments? 138

A comparison of global pattern recognition with identification of the order of components 138

Perception of tonal sequences and melodies 142

Acoustic sequences as unresolved "temporal compounds" 146

Linguistic temporal compounds formed by repeating sequences of brief steady-state vowels 146

Identification of components and their orders and global pattern recognition for dichotomous patterns 147

Global pattern recognition in animals other than humans 147

6 Perceptual restoration of missing sounds 150

Temporal induction 151

Homophonic continuity 151

Heterophonic continuity 152

The roll effect as tonal restoration 156

Durational limits for illusory continuity 156

Reciprocal changes in inducer and inducee 156

Alternating levels of the same sound: some anomalous effects observed for the higher level sound in the homophonic induction of tones 159

Differences in the homophonic induction of tone and noise 160

Binaural release from temporal induction 161

Temporal induction of dynamic signals 161

Temporal induction of tonal frequency glides 161

Temporal induction of speech: phonemic restoration 162

Apparent continuity of speech produced by insertion of noise into multiple gaps 164

Increase in intelligibility produced by insertion of noise into multiple temporal gaps 166

Temporal induction in cats and monkeys 169

Spectral restoration 170

Masking and unmasking 172

7 Speech 174

Speech production 174

The subglottal system 175

The larynx 176

The vocal tract and articulation of speech sounds 178

Visual representation of speech sounds 183

Intelligibility of sentences heard through narrow spectral slits 186

Intelligibilities of passbands heard singly and together 189

The protean phoneme 190

Are phonemes perceptual units? 194

The alphabet and the phoneme 194

Illiterate adults cannot segment phonetically 195

Ability to segment phonetically and reading ability are related in children 196

Cues for identifying phonemes and characterizing letters 197

Phonemes in speech are not perceived, but are inferred 198

"Restored" and "real" phonemes are perceptually equivalent 198

Identification of syllables and words precedes identification of constituent phonemes 198

Obligatory transformation of brief steady-state phonemes into syllables and words: the vowel-sequence illusion 199

Implications of the vowel-sequence illusion for theories of aphasia 202

Perceptual changes occurring during repetition of syllables and words 203

Verbal and visual satiation 203

Verbal transformations 205

Identifying lexical neighbors using verbal transformations 208

Dichotic verbal transformations 209

The relation between production and perception of speech: organization above the lexical level 211

Skilled storage and delayed perceptual organization of speech 211

Speech errors in everyday life 213

Syllable recognition by nonhuman species 214

8 The relation of hearing to perception in general 216

Multimodal perception 216

Interaction of vision with senses other than hearing 216

Interaction of vision and hearing in speech perception 217

Perceptual resolution of conflicting visual and auditory information concerning speech 218

Multimodal sensory control of speech production 219

General perceptual rules and modality-specific rules 220

1 Sensory input is interpreted in terms of familiar causative agents or events, and not in terms of the manner and nature of neural stimulation 220

2 Perceptual changes occur during exposure to an unchanging stimulus pattern 221

3 Prior stimulation influences perceptual criteria 222.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 225-255) and index.

ISBN:

9780521868709

052186870X

9780521688895

0521688892

OCLC:

183609850

Online:

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