Atom resolved surface reactions : nanocatalysis / P.R. Davies and M.W. Roberts.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Davies, P. R. (Philip Rosser), 1964-

Contributor:

Roberts, M. W. (Meirion Wynn)

Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain)

Series:

RSC nanoscience & nanotechnology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Surface chemistry.

Nanochemistry.

Chemical reactions.

Physical Description:

xvii, 221 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, UK : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2008]

Summary:

Research oriented, with the concepts gleaned from Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy being related to the more established and accepted views in surface chemistry and catalysis, the authors have addressed the question "How do the models based on classical spectroscopic and kinetic studies stand up to scrutiny at the atom-resolved level?". In taking this approach the reader, new to the field of surface chemistry, should be able to obtain a perspective on how the evidence from STM confirms or questions long standing tenets. An emphasis is given to "how did we get to where we are now" and a large number of figures from the literature are included along with suggestions for further reading.

Topics discussed include: the dynamics of oxygen chemisorption at metal surfaces, control of oxygen states, surface reconstruction and catalysis, dissociative chemisorption of diatomic and hydrocarbon molecules, nanoparticles and chemical reactivity, STM at high pressures and alkali metal promotion, structural studies of sulfur-containing molecules and molecular templating.

This book will appeal to all those who wish to become familiar with the contribution Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy has made to the understanding of the field of surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis and also to those who are new to catalysis, a fascinating and important area of chemistry.

Contents:

Some Relevant Units xvii

Chapter 1 Some Milestones in the Development of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis

1.2 1926: Catalysis Theory and Practice; Rideal and Taylor 2

1.3 1932: Adsorption of Gases by Solids; Faraday Discussion, Oxford 2

1.4 1940: Seventeenth Faraday Lecture; Langmuir 2

1.5 1950: Heterogeneous Catalysis; Faraday Discussion, Liverpool 3

1.6 1954: Properties of Surfaces 4

1.7 1957: Advances in Catalysis; International Congress on Catalysis, Philadelphia 5

1.8 1963: Conference on Clean Surfaces with Supplement: Surface Phenomena in Semiconductors, New York 6

1.9 1966: Faraday Discussion Meeting, Liverpool 6

1.10 1967: The Emergence of Photoelectron Spectroscopy 6

1.11 1968: Berkeley Meeting: Structure and Chemistry of Solid Surfaces 7

1.12 1972: A Discussion on the Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces, London 7

1.13 1987: Faraday Symposium, Bath 8

Chapter 2 Experimental Methods in Surface Science Relevant to STM

2.2 Kinetic Methods 13

2.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy 14

2.4 Work Function 15

2.5 Structural Studies 16

2.6 Photoelectron Spectroscopy 18

2.7 The Dynamics of Adsorption 21

Chapter 3 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy: Theory and Experiment

3.1 The Development of Ultramicroscopy 31

3.2 The Theory of STM 35

3.3 The Interpretation of STM Images 37

3.4 Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy 38

3.5 The STM Experiment 40

3.6 The Scanner 42

3.6.1 Sample Approach 43

3.6.2 Adaptations of the Scanner for Specific Experiments 43

3.7 Making STM Tips 44

3.7.1 Tip Materials 46

Chapter 4 Dynamics of Surface Reactions and Oxygen Chemisorption

4.2 Surface Reconstruction and "Oxide" Formation 52

4.3 Oxygen States at Metal Surfaces 55

4.4 Control of Oxygen States by Coadsorbates 64

4.5 Adsorbate Interactions, Mobility and Residence Times 65

4.6 Atom-tracking STM 69

4.7 Hot Oxygen Adatoms: How are they Formed? 71

Chapter 5 Catalytic Oxidation at Metal Surfaces: Atom Resolved Evidence

5.2 Ammonia Oxidation 78

5.2.1 Cu(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen 79

5.2.2 Coadsorption of Ammonia-Oxygen Mixtures at Cu(110) 81

5.2.3 Coadsorption of Ammonia-Oxygen Mixtures at Mg(0001) 83

5.2.4 Ni(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen 83

5.2.5 Ag(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen 84

5.3 Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide 85

5.4 Oxidation of Hydrogen 89

5.5 Oxidation of Hydrocarbons 91

5.6 Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide 95

5.7 Theoretical Analysis of Activation by Oxygen 98

Chapter 6 Surface Modification by Alkali Metals

6.2 Infrared Studies of CO at Cu(110)-Cs 105

6.3 Structural Studies of the Alkali Metal-modified Cu(110) Surface 105

6.3.1 Low-energy Electron Diffraction 105

6.3.2 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy 106

6.3.3 Cu(110)-Cs System 107

6.3.4 Oxygen Chemisorption at Cu(110)-Cs 108

6.4 Reactivity of Cu(110)-Cs to NH[subscript 3] and CO[subscript 2] 111

6.5 Au(110)-K System 113

6.6 Cu(100)-Li System 115

Chapter 7 STM at High Pressure

7.2 Catalysis and Chemisorption at Metals at High Pressure 123

7.2.1 Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide 124

7.2.2 Hydrogenation of Olefins 126

7.3 Restructuring of the Pt(110)-(1 x 2) Surface by Carbon Monoxide 129

7.4 Adsorption-induced Step Formation 131

7.5 Gold Particles at FeO(111) 131

7.6 Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange and Surface Poisoning 132

Chapter 8 Molecular and Dissociated States of Molecules: Biphasic Systems

8.2 Nitric Oxide 136

8.3 Nitrogen Adatoms: Surface Structure 142

8.4 Carbon Monoxide 143

8.5 Hydrogen 145

8.6 Dissociative Chemisorption of HCl at Cu(110) 147

8.7 Chlorobenzene 148

8.8 Hydrocarbon Dissociation: Carbide Formation 150

8.9 Dissociative Chemisorption of Phenyl Iodide 150

8.10 Chemisorption and Trimerisation of Acetylene at Pd(111) 151

Chapter 9 Nanoparticles and Chemical Reactivity

9.2 Controlling Cluster Size on Surfaces 157

9.3 Alloy Ensembles 159

9.4 Nanoclusters at Oxide Surfaces 160

9.5 Oxidation and Polymerisation at Pd Atoms Deposited on MgO Surfaces 165

9.6 Clusters in Nanocatalysis 167

9.7 Molybdenum Sulfide Nanoclusters and Catalytic Hydrodesulfurisation Reaction Pathways 169

9.8 Nanoparticle Geometry at Oxide-supported Metal Catalysts 171

Chapter 10 Studies of Sulfur and Thiols at Metal Surfaces

10.2 Studies of Atomic Sulfur Adsorbed at Metal Surfaces 180

10.2.1 Copper 181

10.2.2 Nickel 185

10.2.3 Gold and Silver 189

10.2.4 Platinum, Rhodium, Ruthenium and Rhenium 190

10.2.5 Alloy Systems 193

10.3 Sulfur-containing Molecules 195

Chapter 11 Surface Engineering at the Nanoscale

11.2 "Bottom-up" Surface Engineering 204

11.2.1 Van der Waals Forces 205

11.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding 207

11.2.3 Chiral Surfaces from Prochiral Adsorbates 208

11.2.4 Covalently Bonded Systems 209

11.3 Surface Engineering Using Diblock Copolymer Templates 211.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780854042692

0854042695

OCLC:

190966819