Artificial sight : basic research, biomedical engineering, and clinical advances / Mark S. Humayun ... [and others] (eds.).

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Humayun, Mark S. (Mark Salman)

Series:

Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Artificial vision.

Vision, Ocular.

Visual Perception.

Prostheses and Implants.

Medical Subjects:

Vision, Ocular.

Visual Perception.

Prostheses and Implants.

Physical Description:

xxiii, 394 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Springer, 2007.

Summary:

This book will describe state of the art advances in implantable neural stimulation technology to restore partial sight to people who are blind from retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Artificial sight is a frontier area of modern research in ophthalmology. This is a multidisciplinary area of research that combines the skills of surgical ophthalmology, biomedical engineering, biological physics, and psychophysical testing. Many scientific, engineering, and surgical challenges exist before widespread practical applications can be realized. This book summarizes the status of the field and the current ideas and approaches of its leading researchers with the goal of helping patients in a clinical setting.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Biological Considerations for an Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis / Hossein Ameri, James D. Weiland, Mark S. Humayun 1

Retinal Implant 19

Chapter 2 Artificial Vision: Vision of a Newcomer / Takashi Fujikado, Hajime Sawai, Yasuo Tano 31

Overall Research Goals of Japanese Consortium for Artificial Retina 32

The Concept of Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation 32

The Effectiveness of STS in Animal Model 33

Neuroprotection by Electrical Stimulation 39

Human Studies

Chapter 3 The Effects of Visual Deprivation: Implications for Sensory Prostheses / Ione Fine 47

Sensory Plasticity in Adulthood: Potential Differences between Cortical Areas 47

Compensating for a Missing Sense: After Losing a Sense there are Improvements in the Ability to Use the Remaining Senses 50

Compensating for a Missing Sense: What is the Neural Basis? 52

Molyneaux's Question: The Role of Experience in Maintaining Sensory Function 57

Implications for Sensory Prostheses and Rehabilitation 62

Chapter 4 Prosthetic Vision Simulation in Fully and Partially Sighted Individuals / Matthias Walter, Liancheng Yang, Gislin Dagnelie 71

Results 76

Chapter 5 Testing Visual Functions in Patients with Visual Prostheses / Robert Wilke, Michael Bach, Barbara Wilhelm, Wilhelm Durst, Susanne Trauzettel-Klosinski, Eberhart Zrenner 91

Designing a Test for Visual Functions with Visual Prostheses 94

Implementation of a New Test Battery 95

Engineering Applications

Chapter 6 The IMI Retinal Implant System / Ralf Hornig, Thomas Zehnder, Michaela Velikay-Parel, Thomas Laube, Matthias Feucht, Gisbert Richard 111

Retinal Implant Technology 112

Preclinical Studies 119

Clinical Study 120

Chapter 7 Challenges in Realizing a Chronic High-Resolution Retinal Prosthesis / Wentai Liu, Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam, Guoxing Wang, Mingcui Zhou, James D. Weiland, Mark S. Humayun 129

External Video Processing Unit 132

Large Stimulation Voltage 133

Stimulation Flexibility 135

Powering of the Retinal Implant 137

Wireless Power Transmission 138

Wireless Data Communication 143

Chapter 8 Large-scale Integration-Based Stimulus Electrodes for Retinal Prosthesis / Jim Ohta, Takashi Tokuda, Keiichiro Kagawa, Yasuo Terasawa, Motoki Ozawa, Takashi Fujikado, Yasuo Tano 151

The PFM Photosensor as Subretinal Implantable Device 152

Application of PFM Photosensor to the Stimulation of Retinal Cells 159

Implantation of LSI-based Retinal Prosthesis Devices 162

Chapter 9 Development of a Wireless High-Frequency Microarray Implant for Retinal Stimulation / G.W. Auner, R. You, P. Siy, J.P. McAllister, M. Talukder, G.W. Abrams 169

Wireless Implantable Bio-Device Interface (WIBI) 172

Design of Retinal Prosthesis 178

Experimental Results 184

Chapter 10 Visual Prosthesis Based on Optic Nerve Stimulation with Penetrating Electrode Array / Qiushi Ren, Xinyu Chai, Kaijie Wu, Chuanqing Zhou, C-Sight Group 187

Animal Experiment 189

The Hardware Design of Visual Prosthesis 197

Implantable Micro-Camera in Model Eye 203

Stimulating Electrodes

Chapter 11 Dynamic Interactions of Retinal Prosthesis Electrodes with Neural Tissue and Materials Science in Electrode Design / Charlene A. Sanders, Evan J. Nagler, David M. Zhou, Elias Greenbaum 209

Electrochemical Reactions at the Electrode-Vitreous Interface 211

Materials Science in Electrode Design 218

Chapter 12 In Vitro Determination of Stimulus-Induced pH Changes in Visual Prostheses / A. Chu, K. Morris, A. Agazaryan, A. Istomin, J. Little, R. Greenberg, D. Zhou 227

Experimental 230

Results 232

Chapter 13 Electrochemical Characterization of Implantable High Aspect Ratio Nanoparticle Platinum Electrodes for Neural Stimulations / Zhiyu Hu, Dao Min Zhou, Robert Greenberg, Thomas Thundat 243

Experimental 246

Results and Discussions 248

Modeling

Chapter 14 High-Resolution Opto-Electronic Retinal Prosthesis: Physical Limitations and Design / D. Palanker, A. Vankov, P. Huie, A. Butterwick, I. Chan, M.F. Marmor, M.S. Blumenkranz 255

Proximity between Electrodes and Cells as a Resolution-limiting Factor 259

Attracting Retinal Cells to Electrodes 267

Delivery of Information and Power to the Implant 269

Chapter 15 Computational Modeling of Electromagnetic and Thermal Effects for a Dual-Unit Retinal Prosthesis: Inductive Telemetry, Temperature Increase, and Current Densities in the Retina / Stefan Schmidt, Carlos J. Cela, Vinit Singh, James Weiland, Mark S. Humayun, Gianluca Lazzi 279

Inductively Coupled Links for a Dual-Unit Retinal Prosthesis 280

Thermal Modeling 283

Computation of Electric Current Densities in the Retina 294

Results 301

Biological Response to Stimulation

Chapter 16 Microstimulation with Chronically Implanted Intracortical Electrodes / Douglas McCreery 307

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Visual System, as they Relate to a Cortical Visual Prosthesis 308

Microelectrodes for Chronic Intracortical Microstimulation 309

Tissues Responses to Chronically Implanted Microelectrodes 311

Chapter 17 A Tissue Change After Suprachoroidal-Transretinal Stimulation with High Electrical Current in Rabbits / Kazuaki Nakauchi, Takashi Fujikado, Akito Hirakata, Yasuo Tano 325

Material and Methods 326

Results 328

Chapter 18 Electrical Stimulation of Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cells Using Dense Arrays of Small-Diameter Electrodes / Chris Sekirnjak, Pawel Hottowy, Alexander Sher, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Alan M. Litke, E. J. Chichilnisky 333

Materials and Methods 335

Results 338

Chapter 19 A Mechanism for Generating Precise Temporal Patterns of Activity Using Prosthetic Stimulation / Shelley I. Fried, Hain-Ann Hsueh, Frank Werblin 347

Results 349

Chapter 20 Electrophysiology of Natural and Artificial Vision / John R. Hetling 355

Electrophysiology of Natural Vision 357

Electrophysiology of Artificial Vision 366.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0387493298

9780387493299

OCLC:

123434408