Peace negotiations in the shadow of violence / by Kristine Höglund.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Höglund, Kristine.

Series:

International negotiation series 1871-3319 ; v. 6.

International negotiation series, 1871-3319 ; v. 6

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pacific settlement of international disputes.

Political violence.

Conflict management.

Pacific settlement of international disputes--Case studies.

Political violence--Case studies.

Conflict management--Case studies.

Genre:

Case studies.

Physical Description:

xii, 210 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Leiden ; Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2008.

Summary:

Attempts to negotiate peace agreements are frequently accompanied by terrorist attacks, political assassinations, and massacres. Why do peace talks sometimes fall apart as a result of violence, while belligerents at other times are brought to the negotiation table in the wake of violence? This book addresses this serious conundrum. Firmly anchored in theories on conflict resolution and negotiation, and drawing on empirical insights from Guatemala, Northern Ireland, South Africa, and Sri Lanka, patterns of actions and responses in the aftermath of violence are analysed. The book uncovers some of the principal conditions explaining the influence of violence on these negotiation processes, and questions the common perception that violence always has a one-sided negative effect on peace processes.

Contents:

Part 1 Violence and Peace Processes

Chapter 1 Violence: An Impetus or Obstacle to Peace? 3

The Main Argument 5

A Comparative Approach 7

Chapter 2 Fear of Peace, Fear of War 13

Theoretical Underpinnings 14

The Nature of Peace Negotiations 14

The Nature of Violence 17

The Relationship between Violence and Negotiations 18

Explaining Crises in Negotiation Processes 19

Violence and Inter-Party Mistrust 21

Violence and Intra-Party Opposition 24

Alleviating the Fears of a Peace Agreement 25

Structure of the Analysis 27

Key Concepts and Research Questions 28

Structure of the Empirical Analysis 29

Chapter 3 Guatemala: Building Confidence after Violence 39

From Conflict to Negotiation 39

The Negotiation Process 41

Violence in General 42

Assassination of Jorge Carpio (July 3, 1993) 44

Context of Negotiation 44

Attributes of Violence 45

Patterns of Response 46

Outcome 47

Xaman Massacre (October 5, 1995) 48

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 48

Attributes of Violence 49

Patterns of Response 50

Outcome 52

Kidnapping of Olga de Novella (August 25, 1996) 53

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 54

Attributes of Violence 54

Patterns of Response 55

Outcome 58

Chapter 4 Northern Ireland: Arms and the Problem of Trust 65

From Conflict to Negotiation 65

The Negotiation Process 67

Violence in General 68

Bombing of Canary Wharf, London (February 9, 1996) 70

Context of Negotiation 70

Attributes of Violence 72

Patterns of Response 72

Outcome 76

Assassination of Billy Wright (December 27, 1997) 77

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 77

Attributes of Violence 78

Patterns of Response 79

Outcome 81

Poyntzpass Killings (March 3, 1998) 83

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 83

Attributes of Violence 83

Patterns of Response 84

Outcome 86

Chapter 5 South Africa: Violence as an Impetus to Peace 95

From Conflict to Negotiation 95

The Negotiation Process 97

Violence in General 98

The Boipatong Massacre (June 17, 1992) 100

The Context of Negotiation 100

Attributes of Violence 101

Patterns of Response 102

Outcome 106

Assassination of Chris Hani (April 10, 1993) 107

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 108

Attributes of Violence 108

Patterns of Response 109

Outcome 111

St James Church Massacre (July 25, 1993) 112

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 112

Attributes of Violence 113

Patterns of Response 114

Outcome 115

Chapter 6 Sri Lanka: Mistrust and the End of Peace Talks 123

From Conflict to Negotiation 123

The Negotiation Process 125

Violence in General 126

Sinking of 'Sagarawardene' (September 19, 1994) 127

Context of Negotiation 127

Attributes of Violence 128

Patterns of Response 128

Outcome 130

Assassination of Gamini Dissanayake (October 23, 1994) 130

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 131

Attributes of Violence 131

Patterns of Response 133

Outcome 134

Attack on Trincomalee Harbour (April 18/19, 1995) 134

Changes in the Context of Negotiation 135

Attributes of Violence 136

Patterns of Response 137

Outcome 138

Chapter 7 Explaining and Managing Violence-Induced Crisis 149

Patterns of Crisis and Crisis Management 149

Crisis Occurrence 150

Managing Violence-Induced Crisis 152

Explaining Crisis and Negotiation Dynamics 153

Trust between, Trust within 154

The Negotiation Process: Momentum, Formula, and Time 160

Fear of Continued Armed Conflict 162

Confidence Building: Public Acts and Secret Talks 164

Third Parties: Violence Prevention and Crisis Management 166

Nuances of Violence: Additional Observations 167

Effects of Violence 167

Characteristics of Violence 168

Ceasefires and Violence-Regulating Mechanisms 169

Conclusion: Complex Causality and 'Feedback Loops' 170

Chapter 8 Conclusions: Outlook for Research and Policy 175

Main Findings 176

Implications for the Study of Conflict Resolution Processes 178

Implications for Policy and Practice 180

Intervention Strategies for Third Parties? 180

How Can a Negotiation Process Be Structured? 181

What Can the Parties Themselves Do? 182.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [185]-200) and index.

ISBN:

9789004158375

9004158375

OCLC:

172980728