Micro and nano manipulations for biomedical applications / Tachung C. Yih, Ilie Talpasanu, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Yih, Tachung C.

Talpasanu, Ilie.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomedical engineering.

Nanotechnology.

Dielectrophoresis.

Microactuators.

Physical Description:

xiv, 295 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston : Artech House, [2008]

Summary:

This single authoritative volume takes biodevice research and development to the next level, covering the latest advances in biomedical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). This applications-focused book covers everything from fundamental mechanics of microactuators to the most recent breakthroughs in the biomanipulation and actuation of cells and genes. This trailblazing work brings practitioners and researchers up to speed on the synthesis and use of metallic nanoparticles and semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots with their unique electronic and optical properties in biosensing and drug delivery applications. Moreover, it explores the latest advances in micro and nano manipulation techniques. Contents Overview: Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications, Microactuators for In Vivo Imaging, Micromanipulators in Minimally Invasive Procedures, Optical Nanomanipulations in a Living Cell, Dielectrophoretic Methods for Biomedical Applications, Design, Analysis, Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Microscale and Nanoscale Cell Manipulations, Dynamics Modeling and Analysis for Gene Manipulations.

Contents:

1.1 The Third Industrial Revolution? 1

1.1.1 The First Industrial Revolution-Manufacturing and Transportation 1

1.1.2 The Second Industrial Revolution-Computer and Communication 3

1.1.3 The Third Industrial Revolution-Health and Environment? 5

1.2 Microtechnologies and Nanotechnologies 6

1.2.1 Challenges and Opportunities in Nanotechnology 7

1.2.2 Micromanipulations and Nanomanipulations 9

1.3 Applications and Trends 9

1.3.1 Biomedical Science and Engineering 9

1.3.2 Health Care and Environmental Applications 10

Chapter 2 Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Imaging and Therapy 13

2.2 Nanotechnology Approaches for In Vivo Diagnostics 15

2.2.1 Molecular Imaging Approaches for In Vivo Diagnostics 16

2.2.2 Nanotechnology-Based Contrast Agents for In Vivo Imaging 18

2.3 Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy 24

2.3.1 Fundamental Requirements for Drug Delivery Systems 25

2.3.2 Cancer Therapy Approaches Using Nanotechnologies 30

Chapter 3 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications 43

3.2 Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles 45

3.2.1 Synthesis Approaches to Noble Metal Nanoparticles 45

3.2.2 Synthesis of Magnetic Metal Nanoparticles 49

3.3 Novel Properties of Metal Nanoparticles 57

3.3.1 Unique Properties of Noble Metal Nanoparticles 57

3.3.2 Magnetic Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles 67

3.4 Application of Metal Nanoparticles in Biomedicine 71

3.4.1 Biomedical Detection Using Novel Metal Nanoparticles 71

3.4.2 Drug Delivery and Biosensing with Magnetic Nanoparticles 78

3.5 Specific Properties of Quantum Dots 83

3.6 Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Biological Labels 86

3.6.1 Disadvantages of Organic Dyes, Traditional Biological Labels 86

3.6.2 Beneficial Quantum Dot Optical and Spectral Properties 87

3.7 Quantum Dots in Biomedical Applications 88

Chapter 4 Microactuators for In Vivo Imaging and Micromanipulators in Minimally Invasive Procedures 101

4.1 Minimally Invasive Procedure Applications 101

4.2 Endoscopic and In Vivo Imaging Applications 102

4.2.1 In Vivo Scanning Microscope 103

4.2.2 In Vivo Optical Coherent Tomography Imaging 104

4.3 Micromanipulators for Minimally Invasive Procedures 108

4.3.1 Microtools 109

4.3.2 Sensors in Micromanipulators 111

4.3.3 Navigation 112

Chapter 5 Microactuators 119

5.2 Electrostatic Actuators 119

5.3 Thermal Actuators 122

5.4 Piezoelectric Actuators 126

5.5 Shape Memory Alloy Actuators 128

5.6 Magnetic Actuators 132

Chapter 6 Optical Nanomanipulation in a Living Cell 143

6.1 Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy 143

6.1.2 A Brief Analytical Description 145

6.2 Second-Harmonic-Generation Microscopy 146

6.2.2 Nonlinear Optical Processes 147

6.2.3 Single-Molecule Cross Section 148

6.2.4 Biological Membrane Imaging 149

6.3 Laser-Induced Microdissection 151

6.3.3 Three-Dimensional Imaging and Optical Dissection by Nonlinear Optical Microscopy 151

6.3.4 Physical Characterization of Nanosurgery 153

6.3.5 Mitotic Spindle Positioning 154

6.3.6 Mitotic Spindle Elongation 156

6.4 Optical Trapping 157

6.4.3 Optical Trapping Inside Yeast Cells 158

6.4.4 Laser-Induced Nucleus Displacement 162

6.4.5 Motion of a Displaced Interphase Nucleus Back to the Cell Center by Microtubule Pushing 163

6.4.6 Asymmetric Cell Division as a Result of Nucleus Displacement During Interphase 164

6.4.7 Division Plane Determination in Early Prophase 165

6.5 Optical Knockout 166

6.5.2 One-Photon CALI 167

6.5.3 Micro-CALI 168

6.5.4 Multiphoton CALI 171

Chapter 7 Dielectrophoretic Methods for Biomedical Applications 179

7.2 Theory 181

7.2.1 Dielectrophoresis 181

7.2.2 Dielectric Properties of Bioparticles and Biomolecules 185

7.3 Dielectrophoretic Approaches to Bioparticle Manipulation and Characterization 191

7.3.1 Differential Manipulation of Bioparticles 191

7.3.2 Filtration and Concentration of Bioparticles 193

7.3.3 Manipulating Cells for Subsequent Analysis 195

7.3.4 Cell Patterning and Tissue Engineering 198

7.3.5 Characterizing Cell Physiology by Dielectrophoresis 200

7.4 Dielectrophoretic Approaches to Molecular Assays 202

7.4.1 Microparticle-Based Systems 202

7.4.2 Droplet-Based Systems: Digital Microfluidics 203

7.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 204

Chapter 8 Design, Analysis, Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Microscale and Nanoscale Cell Manipulations 215

8.1.1 Overview of Micropositioning and Nanopositioning Systems Based on Piezoactuators 216

8.1.2 Applications of Piezoactuated Micropositioning and Nanopositioning Systems 217

8.2 Construction of the Micro-Nano Robot as a Mechatronic System 218

8.2.1 Conceptual Design of Piezo-Actuated Microrobot Development 218

8.2.2 Robot RoTeMiNa for Cell Micromanipulation and Nanomanipulation 221

8.2.3 Design of the Micro Stage Robot 222

8.2.4 Design of the Nano Stage Robot 223

8.2.5 Teleoperated Control 223

8.3 Differential Kinematics of a Hybrid Robot for Cell Micromanipulations and Nanomanipulations 225

8.3.1 Link and Joint Numbering 225

8.3.2 Oriented Graph Attached to the Mechanism 225

8.3.3 Matrix Description of Graph 226

8.3.4 Geometric Jacobean 227

8.3.5 Degrees of Freedom 232

8.3.6 Independent Equations for the Inverse Kinematics 232

8.4 Hardware and Software for the Development of Micropositioning and Nanopositioning Systems 234

8.4.1 Guidelines for Development 234

8.4.2 Sensors for Feedback 235

8.4.3 Unified Approach for Functional Task Formulation 235

8.5 Intelligent Control of Piezoactuated Robot Using an Approximated Hysteresis Model in Micromanipulations and Nanomanipulations 238

8.5.2 The Mathematical Model of Hysteresis 238

8.5.3 The Neuro-Fuzzy Inverse Model 241

8.5.4 The Control System Structure 242

8.5.5 Multiobjective Optimal PI/PID Controller Design Using Genetic Algorithms 244

8.6 Experimental Results 246

8.7 Extension of the Method and Limitations 247

Chapter 9 Dynamics Modeling and Analysis for Gene Manipulations 253

9.1.1 Current Status 254

9.1.2 Requirements for Gene Delivery 254

9.1.3 Methods for Gene Delivery 256

9.2 Electroporation 257

9.2.1 Electrode 258

9.2.2 Electric Pulse 259

9.2.3 Tissue Damage 260

9.2.4 Gene Expression Efficiency 260

9.2.5 Dynamics Modeling 261

9.3 Hydroporation 261

9.4 Sonoporation 262

9.4.1 Impact of Ultrasound Frequency 263

9.4.2 Impact of Ultrasound Intensity 263

9.4.3 Impact of Ultrasound Exposure Time 264

9.4.4 Cell Damage with Sonoporation 264

9.4.5 Dynamic Modeling 264

9.5 Microneedle and Microinjection 266

9.5.1 Microneedle 266

9.5.2 Microinjection 266

9.6 Optoinjection and Optoporation 267

9.7 Magnetofection 268

9.8 Gene Gun 269

9.8.2 Dynamic Modeling 272

9.9 Summary and Comparison of the Physical Methods 275

9.10 Summary and Future Challenges 275.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781596932548

1596932546

OCLC:

166379799