New issues and paradigms in research on social dilemmas / edited by Anders Biel ... [and others]

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Biel, Anders, editor.

Eek, Daniel, editor.

Gärling, Tommy, editor.

Gustafsson, Mathias, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Social interaction.

Social conflict.

Self-interest.

Physical Description:

xii, 287 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

New York, N.Y. : Springer, [2008]

Summary:

This edited volume has been compiled to present the latest developments in the field of social dilemma research. Social dilemmas are situations when there is a conflict between self-interest and collective interest. Research in this area has gained interest in the last twenty years in disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and economics. It also has wide applications to numerous real-world issues such as environmental degradation, organizational management, and societal public good.

The main aim of this work was to investigate under what circumstances people make decisions that are inline with the collective interest as well as investigating what can increase the likelihood of cooperation. There will be three man sections mirroring the different levels of analysis: individual, group, and societal.

Contents:

1 The Conceptual Framework of Social Dilemmas / Anders Biel 1

New Issues 2

The Individual 2

The Group 2

Society 5

New Paradigms 6

A Theoretical Framework 7

2 A New Look at the Theory of Social Value Orientations: Prosocials Neither Maximize Joint Outcome nor Minimize Outcome Differences but Prefer Equal Outcomes / Daniel Eek, Tommy Garling 10

Theories of Social Value Orientations 11

An Alternative Equality Hypothesis 12

Empirical Evidence in Support of the Equality Hypothesis 13

Do Prosocials Maximize Joint Outcomes? 13

Do Prosocials Minimize the Differences in Outcomes? 17

Moderating Factors 21

3 A Classification of Games by Player Type / Gary Bornstein 27

U-U vs. I-I: The "Discontinuity Effect" 28

G-G vs. G: Intergroup vs. Single-Group Games 31

The Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) Game 31

G-G vs. I-I: Intergroup vs. Inter-Individual Gaines 34

The Game of Chicken 34

Price Competition 35

Competition Between Different Types of Players 37

4 How Do We React to Feedback in Social Dilemmas? / Eric van Dijk, David de Cremer, Laetitia B. Mulder, Jeroen Stouten 43

How Do We React to Feedback in Social Dilemmas? 43

Explicit Feedback 44

Effects on Cooperation 44

Collective Failure Does Not Always Lead to Defection 46

Feedback, Ostracism, and Exit 48

Emotional Reactions to Feedback 48

Feedback and Structural Solutions 49

Implicit Feedback 51

The Case of Sanctioning Systems 51

Implicit Feedback: The Case of Emotions 52

5 Group-Based Trust in Social Dilemmas / Margaret Foddy, Robyn Dawes 57

Previous Research on Group-Based Trust 59

Unilateral Trust in an Ingroup Member 60

Trust when the Situation is Interdependent 61

Overview of the Design 63

Procedure 63

Results 65

6 Promoting Cooperation in Social Dilemmas via Fairness Norms and Group Goals / Ali Kazemi, Daniel Eek 72

Distributive Fairness and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas 73

Resource Dilemmas and Fairness 74

Public-Good Dilemmas and Fairness 75

Comparing Fairness Conceptions in Resource and Public-Good Dilemmas 75

Explaining the Importance of Fairness in Social Dilemmas 76

Fairness Norms and Group Goals in Social Decision Making 77

Preferences for Public-Good Allocations 79

Promoting Unselfish Public-Good Allocations via Group Goals and Distributive Fairness 80

Fairness Mediates the Effects of Group Goal on Public-Good Allocations 82

Generalizing Effects of the Group Goal on Profit Allocations to Cost Allocations 84

Extensions and Implications 86

A Note on the Public-Good Dilemma Paradigm 87

7 Bringing Back Leviathan into Social Dilemmas / Mizuho Shinada, Toshio Yamagishi 93

The Structural Approach to Solving Social Dilemmas 95

Research on Sanctions and Sanctioning Behavior 97

Altruistic Punishment 99

Motivations Behind Sanctions 101

Group Size 104

Punishments and Rewards 106

Social Sanctions 109

Net Benefits of Sanctions 110

Future Directions 111

The Dark Side of Sanctions 112

Social Value Orientations 113

Ingroup, Outgroup, and Sanctions 114

Direct and Indirect Effects of Sanctions 115

8 Effectiveness of Coercive and Voluntary Institutional Solutions to Social Dilemmas / Yuval Samid, Ramzi Suleiman 124

Experimental Conditions 131

Procedure 131

Results 133

Non-Coercive Authority 133

Moderately Coercive Authority 134

Exploitative Authority 134

Dominating Authority 135

9 A Recursive Model for Changing Justice Concerns in Social Dilemmas / David A. Schroeder, Alicia F. Bembenek, Kimberly M. Kinsey, Julie E. Steel, Andria J. Woodell 142

Justice Concerns in Social Dilemmas 143

Distributive Justice Concerns 144

"Triggers" for Change 145

Procedural Justice Concerns 145

Increasing Distributive Satisfaction 146

Reducing the Uncertainty 146

Engaging the Group Members 147

Introducing Specific Allocation Solutions and Possible Sanctions 147

Reactions to Violations: Restorative and Retributive Justice 150

Restorative Justice 152

Retributive Justice 153

When Restoration and Retribution "Miss the Mark" 155

Implications of the Recursive Model for Understanding Decisions in Social Dilemmas 156

10 The Emergence of Generalized Exchange by Indirect Reciprocity / Rie Mashima, Nobuyuki Takahashi 159

Previous Solutions to Generalized Exchange 159

Theoretical Framework 160

Representation of Strategies 161

Definition of "Goodness" 162

An Empirical Study 166

Results 168

11 The Herdsman and the Sheep, Mouton, or Kivsa? The Influence of Group Culture on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas / Shirli Kopelman 177

Culture and Appropriateness Framework 179

Culture and Identity 180

Culture and Recognition of the Situation 181

Culture and Rules 183

12 Will Lessons from Small-Scale Social Dilemmas Scale Up? / Michael McGinnis, Elinor Ostrom 189

Matching Institutions to Physical Worlds 190

The World of Private Goods 190

The World of Common Pool Resources 190

Prior Research on Robust CPR Institutions 192

The Global Relevance of Research on Local CPR Regimes 195

Dilemmas of Extending Design Principles to the Global Scale 197

Limits to Direct Generalization 198

Cross-Sectoral Foundations of Institutional Design 200

Institutional Adjustments Needed in Scaling Up Sustainable Regimes 202

A Continuing Need for Creativity 207

13 Effect of Information Structure in a Step-Level Public-Good Dilemma Under a Real-Time Protocol / Chi Sing Ngan, Wing Tung Au 212

Protocols of Play 212

Information Structure 214

Criticality 214

The Logic of Critical Mass 215

Design 216

Procedure 216

Results 218

Contribution Rate 218

Public-Good Provision 218

Timing of the Decisions 219

Effectiveness of the Real-Time Protocol 221

Criticality 222

Irrational Decision-Making Behaviors 225

The Management of Time in the Real-Time Protocol 227

14 Toward an Analysis of Cooperation and Fairness That Includes Concepts of Cooperative Game Theory / Axel Ostmann, Holger Meinhardt 230

Cooperation and Fairness 230

Games 232

Core and Convexity 236

Example Games 238

The CP3 Game 239

The HSW1 and HSW2 Games 241

Fairness Solutions 242

Experimental Results Reconsidered 245

Efficiency and Compliance 245

Geometric Localization of Results 246

15 Using Genetic Algorithms for Simulation of Social Dilemmas / Ilan Fischer 252

Genetic Algorithms 253

Simulation 256

Initialization of the Vector Populations 256

Transformation and Recombination of Individual Patterns 257

Evaluation and Selection of a Sampled Subgroup 257

A Time-Use Social Dilemma 258

16 Toward a Comprehensive Model of Social Dilemmas / Robert Gifford 265

The Problem, and the Nay-Sayers 265

Toward a Comprehensive Model 266

Complementary and Supplementary Ideas 271.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780387725956

0387725954

OCLC:

154711953