Western broadcast models : structure, conduct, and performance / edited by Leen d'Haenens, Frieda Saeys.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

d'Haenens, Leen, 1966-

Saeys, F. (Frieda)

Series:

Communications monograph ; v. 5.

Mouton textbook

Communications monograph ; v. 5

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Broadcasting--Europe.

Broadcasting.

Broadcasting policy--Europe.

Broadcasting policy.

Europe.

Physical Description:

445 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, [2007]

Summary:

Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "sections of the book[,] ... an index[,] ... [a] thesaurus with key words ... [and l]inks to relevant websites of e.g., broadcasting actors, regulators, EU policy documents, and databases and other additional information such as bibiographic references."--P. 23.

Contents:

The European Level

Our Policies Keep on Reinventing the Past: An Overview of EU Policy-Making in the Audiovisual Domain / Daniel Biltereyst, Caroline Pauwels 25

II A European Regulatory Framework: The Television Without Frontiers Directive 27

III Producing European Content to Circulate in the Audiovisual Market without Frontiers: The EU's Industrial Policies 37

IV EU Competition Policy 43

4.1 Mergers and Acquisitions 44

4.1.1 The Direct Application of the Competition Articles 47

4.1.2 The Merger Regulation (1989, revised in 1997 & 2004) 48

4.1.3 The Green Paper on Pluralism and Media Concentration (1992) 50

4.2 State Support for National Movie Industries and PSB 52

4.2.1 Public Service Broadcasting 52

4.2.2 National Aid to the Film and Audiovisual Industries 55

4.2.3 An Indication of Future Developments 57

Broadcasting Policy and Regulatory Choices / Manuel Puppis, Leen d'Haenens, Frieda Saeys 61

I Models of Broadcasting Systems 61

II Why Regulate At All? 64

III What To Regulate? 67

IV How To Regulate? 68

4.1 Statutory Media Regulation 69

4.2 Horizontal Extension: Self- and Co-Regulation 74

4.3 Vertical Extension: European and Global Regulation 75

European Public Service Broadcasting: A Concept, an Institution, and a Practice / Leen d'Haenens, Jo Bardoel 79

I PSB: Subject of Co-Regulation 79

II From a Concept to a Mission: Arguments for Public Provision 81

III From Culture to Commerce: Forced Changes of Course 83

IV Digitization: PSB as Broadcast Core and a Strong Brand 87

V What About the Institution to Carry Out this Mission? 90

5.1 De-institutionalizing PSB: The New Zealand Case 91

Consequences of Policy on Digital Terrestrial Television Development / Robert G. Picard 95

I Digital Television: A Neglected Policy Area at EU Level 95

II Digital Television Development 97

III Implementation of Digital Terrestrial Television 100

IV Policy Analysis: Concluding Remarks 103

The National Level

Belgium / Frieda Saeys, Frederic Antoine 105

II The Unitary History of Belgian Broadcasting 106

III Flanders 108

3.1 From a Monopoly to a Dual System 108

3.2 Evolution of Commercial Broadcasting in a European Context 110

3.2.1 Commercial Television for the Whole Flemish Community 111

3.2.2 Smaller Players in the Market 113

3.2.3 Radio: The Last Monopoly Comes to an End 114

3.3 Programming in a Competitive Environment 114

3.4 Financing the Public Broadcasting System 117

3.5 Structural Reforms of the Public Broadcasting Company 119

3.5.1 First Cautious Attempts 119

3.5.2 Less Politicization, More Management 120

3.5.3 The Public-Service Contract 121

3.5.4 Relation Government/Public Broadcaster/Private Broadcaster Remains Precarious 122

IV French-Speaking Belgium 124

4.1 A Public Service Subject to Competition 125

4.1.1 Competition from Outside 125

4.1.2 Competition from Inside 126

4.1.3 Official Deregulation 126

4.2 The Advertising Question 127

4.2.1 The Advertising Agreement 127

4.2.2 Compensation 128

4.3 The Players on the Media Scene 129

4.3.1 A Public Service Desperately Looking for a New Lease of Life 129

4.3.2 An Independent Company Under Contract 131

4.3.3 A Less and Less Belgian Private Sector 134

4.3.4 A Mixed Pay-TV system 136

4.4 Content: The Cultural Identity Struggle 137

4.4.1 Fiction 138

4.4.2 Americanization 139

4.5 Production and Cultural Protection 140

4.5.1 Anti-Concentration Measures 142

4.6 New Controls 142

4.6.1 A Desire to Control and to Sanction 142

4.7 The Return of Exaggerated Competition 143

Denmark / Per Jauert, Ib Poulsen, Henrik Sondergaard 145

I Some Basic Features 145

II The Monopoly Phase 147

III Deregulation 149

IV The Present Situation 152

4.1 Radio 152

4.1.1 Use of Radio 155

4.2 Television 156

4.2.1 Programs on Offer 160

4.2.2 Market Share and Reach 161

4.2.3 Economic Conditions 162

4.3 Media Concentration and Anti-Trust Legislation 163

4.4 Danish Attitude Towards European Media Policy 164

V Future Developments 165

France / Serge Regourd 169

I A Series of Distinctive Features Rooted in History 169

II Diversity and Concentration: Legal Framework and Economic Positions 172

2.1 Single Medium Restrictions 172

2.2 "Multimedia" Restrictions 173

2.3 Foreign Ownership Restrictions 174

2.4 Major Groups 174

III Public/Private Competition: Program Supply and Funding 179

3.1 "Audimat" and Regulations 180

3.2 Weaknesses and Strengths of the Public Sector 181

3.3 Program Supply in the Private and Public Sectors 183

3.4 Public and Private Financing 186

IV New Perspectives: Technological Development and Institutional Changes 187

4.1 Expanding Penetration of Digital Reception Modes of Television 187

4.1.1 New Modes of Digital TV consumption: Digital Terrestrial Television and the Internet 188

4.1.2 The Decline of Cable and Satellite Supply 189

4.2 Restructuring and Growth Plans 190

The Federal Republic of Germany / Guido Ros, Barbara Thomass 193

II A Public Corporation Monopoly 193

2.1 The Land-Based Corporations and ARD 193

2.2 ZDF 198

III From Public-Sector Monopoly to a Dual System 199

3.1 The Rulings of the Federal Constitutional Court 199

3.2 The Lander-Treaties of 1987, 1991 and 1996 200

3.3 The Lander-Treaties of 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2004 204

IV Organization and Development of Private Broadcasting 205

4.1 Organization 205

4.2 Development 207

4.2.1 Free Access Television 207

4.2.2 Pay TV 209

V The Present Situation 209

5.1 Revenue and Expenditure 209

5.2 Programming 213

5.3 Audience Shares 215

5.4 Public Service Under Fire 217

VI The Future 220

Italy / Matthew Hibberd, Carlo Sorrentino 229

I Historical Background 229

II Current Situation 233

III Media Laws in Italy: Cross-Media Ownership and Anti-Trust Provisions 235

V Financing 242

VI Media Content 244

VII Tomorrow's Television 247

Luxembourg / Frederic Antoine 251

I Historical and Political Context 251

II The CLT-UFA and RTL-Group 254

III Legal Framework 258

IV Radio and Television Broadcasting for Luxembourg Citizens 260

V Television from Abroad and Audience Figures 262

VI New Media 263

The Netherlands / Kees van der Haak, Leo van Snippenburg 265

I Broadcasting in the Netherlands: the Rise and Decline of Segmentation 265

1.1 The Early Years - When Radio Was King 265

1.2 The Advent of Television 267

1.3 The Broadcasting Act 268

1.4 Competition and "Vertrossing" 269

1.5 A New Act 270

II The Rise of Commercial Broadcasting 272

2.1 Current Stations 272

2.2 Analysis 275

III The Strategy of Public Service Broadcasting 276

3.1 McKinsey's Advice 276

3.2 "Structure Follows Strategy" - Does It? 277

3.3 Philosophy of Public Broadcasting 278

3.4 Maintaining Program Quality 279

IV Radio Broadcasting 282

4.1 Public Radio 282

4.2 Commercial Radio 283

4.3 Why Public Radio? 284

V Cable and Pay-TV 285

5.1 Cable: From Community Antenna to Program Provider 285

5.2 Pay-TV for Spoilt Viewers 286

VI Finance, Concentration and Production 287

6.1 Who Pays the Piper? 287

6.2 Concentration - Something to Worry About? 288

6.2 Where Do TV Programs Come From? 289

VII New Media 290

7.1 From Broadcasting to Multimedia 290

7.2 Focus on Functions 290

Poland / Beata Klimkiewicz 293

I Roots of Broadcasting in Poland 293

1.1 Radio: Captured by Two Totalitarianisms 293

1.2 Television Lies 294

II PSB and Regulatory Change 295

2.1 New Regulatory Arrangements 295

2.2 Normative Expectations and Practical Difficulties 297

2.3 "Super-Regulatory" Make-Up? 298

2.4 PSB: Diversity in a Nutshell? 299

2.5 PSB Audience Shares 301

III Entry of Private Commercial TV Broadcasters 303

3.1 TV Landscape in a New Shape 303

3.2 Principal Private TV Operators 305

3.3 Cable, Satellite and Digital Broadcasting 307

IV The Radio Scene 309

4.1 Principal Players 309

4.2 Local Radio Networks 310

V Troubles With Concentration 311

5.1 Ownership Regulation 311

5.2 Rywingate and "New" Media Law 312

5.3 Measures Safeguarding Media Pluralism 313

VI Content Regulation and Programming 313

6.1 Programming Requirements and Quota 313

6.2 Implementation of the Television Without Frontiers Directive 314

The United Kingdom / John Downey 319

II A History of British Broadcasting (1922-1996) 319

III Current Situation 322

3.1 The BBC 322

3.2 ITV 324

3.3 Digital TV 325

3.4 Radio 326

IV Broadcast Economics 327

4.1 The BBC 327

4.2 ITV 327

4.3 Other Terrestrial TV 328

4.4 Future Funding: BBC 329

4.5 Future Funding: Commercial TV 330

V Regulators and Regulation: 2003 Communications Act 331

5.1 Office of Communication 332

VI Television Production 332

6.1 Independent TV Production 333

VII Channel Content 334

VIII The Future of British Broadcasting 338

Russia / Hedwig de Smaele, Elena Vartanova 341

I Media History: From the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation 341

1.1 The Soviet Model 341

1.2 The Glasnost Model 343

II Media Policy and Regulation in Russia 345

III Overview of the Russian Broadcasting Landscape 347

3.1 State Broadcasters 348

3.2 Private Broadcasters 351

IV Financing of Broadcasting Organizations 354

V Media Economics 355

VI Media Content 357

VII New Perspectives 357

Canada / Marc Raboy, David Taras 361

II The CBC and the History of the Canadian Broadcasting System 366

III Private Broadcasting and the Americanization of Canadian Television 373

IV Conclusions: The Canadian Dilemma 378

United States / David Ostroff 381

I History 381

1.1 New Developments in Radio Broadcasting 384

1.2 New Players in the Field 386

1.3 The Radio Act 386

1.4 The Communication Act 387

1.5 The Rise of Television 388

1.6 Commercial Broadcasting 389

1.7 Diversity in the Broadcasting System 390

II Public Broadcasting 391

III Cable Television 393

3.1 Cable Regulation 394

3.2 The New Cable Industry 395

3.3 The "Franchise Wars" 396

3.4 The Cable Act 397

IV Satellite Television 397

V Broadcasting Since the 1990s 398

5.1 Audience Share and Fragmentation 399

VI Media Economics 401

VII The Future of US Broadcasting 404

Concluding Remarks: Diverging Efforts by Western Broadcasters to Manage Technological and Demographic Changes / Frieda Saeys, Leen d'Haenens, Maurice Vergeer 409.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9783110195262

3110195267

9783110195279

3110195275

OCLC:

124074939