Endocrine physiology / Susan P. Porterfield, Bruce A. White.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Porterfield, Susan P.

Contributor:

White, Bruce Alan.

Series:

Mosby physiology monograph series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Endocrine glands--Physiology.

Endocrine glands.

Endocrine Glands--physiology.

Medical Subjects:

Endocrine Glands--physiology.

Physical Description:

xiv, 328 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm.

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Philadelphia, PA : Mosby Elsevier, [2007]

Summary:

This volume in the Mosby Physiology Monograph Series explains the fundamentals of endocrine physiology in a clear and concise manner. It provides you with a basic understanding of how the endocrine system functions in health and disease. Attractively illustrated with clear 2-color diagrams, this volume also facilitates study with learning objectives, overview boxes, chapter summaries, and clinical cases with questions and explained answers. Plus, online access via STUDENT CONSULT makes this an even more powerful learning resource.

Contents:

Chemical Nature of Hormones 2

Proteins/Peptides 2

Catecholamines 4

Steroid Hormones 4

Thyroid Hormones 7

Eicosanoids 8

Transport of Hormones in the Circulation 8

Cellular Responses to Hormones 9

Signalling from Membrane Receptors 13

Signalling from Intracellular Receptors 18

Hormonal Rhythms 21

Self-Study Problems 23

Appendix Different Modes of Chemical Signaling 24

Chapter 2 The Endocrine Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract 25

Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors 27

The Regulation of Gastric Function 29

Overview of Regulation of Gastric Secretion and Motility 29

Gastrin and the Stimulation of Gastric Function 30

Inhibition of Gastric Function 32

Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gall Bladder 33

Secretin 34

Cholecystokinin 35

Motilin and Stimulation of Gastric and Small Intestinal Contractions During the Interdigestive Period 36

The Insulinotropic Actions of GI Peptides (Incretin Action) 37

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide/ Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide 38

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 38

The Enterotropic Actions of GI Hormones 39

Gastrin 39

Secretin and CCK 39

GLP-1 39

GLP-2 39

Self-Study Problems 41

Chapter 3 Energy Metabolism 43

Overview of Energy Metabolism 43

Cells Must Make ATP to Function and Stay Viable 43

Making ATP 44

Storage Forms of Energy 47

Partial Digestion of VLDL Generates Cholesterol-Rich Low-Density Lipoprotein 50

Release of TGs in Adipose Cells 51

Protein 51

Gluconeogenesis - Making Glucose from Glycerol, Lactate and Amino Acids 51

Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis 52

The Endocrine Pancreas 52

Insulin 53

Glucagon 57

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 58

Metabolic Homeostasis - The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways 58

The Fasting-to-Fed State Transition Involves Anabolic Pathways that Store Energy 58

Release of Energy During the Interdigestive Period or an Extended Fast 63

Diabetes Mellitus 65

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus 68

Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 69

Long-Term Sequelae of Diabetes Mellitus 70

Problems Associated with Diabetes Management 72

Emerging Concepts in Energy Homeostasis: Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ 73

Leptin 74

Adiponectin 75

Tumor Necrosis Factor-[alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) 75

Self-Study Problems 79

Chapter 4 Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis 81

Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology 81

Physiological Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 82

Parathyroid Hormone 82

The Parathyroid Glands 82

Vitamin D 85

The Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi Levels 88

Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by the Small Intestine 88

Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by Bone 90

The Histophysiology of Adult Bone 90

Handling of Ca[superscript 2+] and Pi by the Kidneys 93

Integrated Physiologic Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism: Response of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to a Hypocalcemia Challenge 93

Pharmacologic Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Calcitonin 95

Hormonal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Regulators Overexpressed by Cancers 96

Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism by Immune/Inflammatory Cells 97

Regulation of Ca[superscript 2+]/Pi Metabolism by Gonadal and Adrenal Steroid Hormones 97

Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance 97

Hyperparathyroidism (Primary) 97

Pseudohypoparathyroidism 99

Hypoparathyroidism 99

Vitamin D Deficiency 101

Paget's Disease 101

Bone Problems of Renal Failure (Renal Osteodystrophy) 101

Self-Study Problems 104

Chapter 5 The Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex 107

Embryology and Anatomy 107

The Neurohypophysis 109

Synthesis of ADH (Vasopressin) and Oxytocin 110

Antidiuretic Hormone 112

Oxytocin 116

The Adenohypophysis 117

The Endocrine Axes 117

The Endocrine Function of the Adenohypophysis 121

The Corticotrope 121

The Thyrotrope 124

The Gonadotrope 125

The Somatotrope 127

Direct Versus Indirect Actions of GH 129

Role of Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor, and Insulin in Starvation 131

Pathologic Conditions Involving Growth Hormone 131

The Lactotrope 133

Pathologic Conditions Involving Prolactin 135

Hypopituitarism 135

Growth 136

Self-Study Problems 139

Chapter 6 The Thyroid Gland 141

Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid 141

Thyroid Hormones 141

Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones 142

Thyroid Hormone Secretion 145

Compounds Altering Thyroid Hormone Synthesis 146

Thyroid Hormone Transport 146

Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones 147

Control of Thyroid Function 148

Control Mechanisms 148

Perturbations of Control System 149

Mechanisms of Hormone Action 150

Thyroid Hormone Receptors 150

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor 150

Actions of Thyroid Hormones 151

Maturational and Differentational Effects 151

Neurologic Effects 151

Effects on Growth 152

Metabolic Actions 152

Actions Mimicking Sympathetic Nervous System Activity 153

Actions on Skeletal Muscle 154

Actions on Cardiovascular System 154

Pathologic Conditions Involving the Thyroid 154

Hypothyroidism 154

Hyperthyroidism 157

Thyroiditis 159

Self-Study Problems 160

Appendix Laboratory Data on Thyroid Function 161

Chapter 7 The Adrenal Gland 163

Anatomy 163

Adrenal Medulla 164

Synthesis of Epinephrine 164

Mechanism of Action of Catecholamines 166

Physiological Actions of Adrenomedullary Catecholamines 167

Metabolism of Catecholamines 168

Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Medulla 170

Adrenal Cortex 170

Zona Fasciculata 170

The Zona Fasciculata Makes Cortisol 170

Transport and Metabolism of Cortisol 175

Mechanism of Action of Cortisol 175

Physiologic Actions of Cortisol 175

Regulation of Cortisol Production 178

Zona Reticularis 179

The Zona Reticularis Makes Adrenal Androgens 179

Metabolism and Fate DHEAS and DHEA 180

Physiologic Actions of Adrenal Androgens 180

Regulation of Zona Reticularis Function 182

Zona Glomerulosa 182

The Zona Glomerulosa Makes Aldosterone 182

Transport and Metabolism of Aldosterone 183

Mechanism of Aldosterone Action 183

Physiologic Actions of Aldosterone 183

Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion 187

Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex 188

Adrenocortical Insufficiency 188

Adrenocortical Excess 188

Self-Study Problems 194

Chapter 8 The Male Reproductive System 197

Histophysiology of the Testis 198

The Intratubular Compartment 199

The Peritubular Compartment 204

Fates and Actions of Androgens 204

Intratesticular Androgen 204

Peripheral Conversion to Estrogen 204

Peripheral Conversion to DHT 204

Peripheral Testosterone Actions 206

Mechanism of Androgen Action 206

Transport and Metabolism of Androgens 207

Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis 207

Regulation of Leydig Cell Function 207

Regulation of Sertoli Cell Function 207

The Male Reproductive Tract 208

Development of the Male Reproductive System 211

Puberty and Senescence 214

Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System 217

Self-Study Problems 222

Chapter 9 The Female Reproductive System 223

Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary 225

Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle 226

Resting Primordial Follicle 226

Growing Preantral Follicles 228

Growing Antral Follicles 228

Dominant Follicle 230

The Dominant Follicle During the Periovulatory Period 231

The Corpus Luteum 234

Follicular Atresia 236

Follicular Development and the Monthly Menstrual Cycle 236

Regulation of Late Follicular Development, Ovulation, and Luteinization: The Human Menstrual Cycle 236

The Female Reproductive Tract 239

The Oviduct 239

The Uterus 241

The Cervix 245

The Vagina 246

The External Genitalia 246

Biology of Estradiol-17[Beta] and Progesterone 247

Mechanisms of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormone Action 247

Biological Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone 248

Transport and Metabolism of Ovarian Steroids 248

The Ontogeny of the Female Reproductive System 249

Development of the Female Reproductive Tract 249

Puberty 249

Menopause 250

Ovarian Pathophysiology 251

Turner Syndrome 251

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome 251

Self-Study Problems 256

Chapter 10 Fertilization and Pregnancy 259

Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation & Placentation 259

Synchronization with Maternal Ovarian and Reproductive Tract Function 259

Fertilization 261

Early Embryogenesis and Implantation 264

Structure of Mature Placenta 266

The Endocrine Function of the Placenta 271

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin 272

Progesterone 272

Estrogen 274

Human Placental Lactogen 274

Other Placental Hormones 276

Placental Transport 276

The Fetal Endocrine System 277

Pancreas 277

Parathyroid Gland 277

Pituitary Gland 277

Thyroid Gland 277

Adrenal Gland 278

Testes and Ovaries 278

Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy 278

Pituitary Gland 278

Thyroid Gland 279

Adrenal Gland 279

Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy 279

Cardiovascular Changes 279

Respiratory Changes 280

Renal Changes 280

Gastrointestinal Changes 281

Diabetogenicity of Pregnancy 281

Parturition 281

Placental Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and the Fetal Adrenal Axis 281

Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion 282

Oxytocin 282

Prostaglandins 282

Uterine Size 282

Mammogenesis and Lactation 282

Structure of the Mammary Gland 282

Hormonal Regulation of Mammary Gland Development 283

Contraception 285

Behavioral and Mechanical Approaches 285

Oral Contraceptives 285

Hormonal Treatment for Emergency Contraception and Abortion 286

In Vitro Fertilization 286

Self-Study Problems 290.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

032303666X

9780323036665

OCLC:

72774374