Drugs, society, and criminal justice / Charles F. Levinthal.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Levinthal, Charles F., 1945-

Contributor:

Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drug abuse.

Drugs of abuse.

Drug abuse and crime.

Drug abuse--Prevention.

Physical Description:

xix, 396 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), maps ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston, MA : Pearson Allyn and Bacon, [2006]

Summary:

An adaptation of Levinthal's "Drugs, Behavior and Modern Society," this new, highly readable and pedagogy-oriented textbook on drug use and abuse is oriented toward a psychological/sociological perspective, with significant attention to issues related to criminal justice. In particular, it focuses on the implications for society and the criminal justice system.

Some distinctive chapters that address issues of drug abuse, crime, and criminal justice include:

Chapter 2: The History of Drug Use and Drug Legislation

Chapter 13: Drugs and Crime

Chapter 14: Drugs and the Criminal Justice System

Chapter 15: Drug Policy: Prevention, Education, and Treatment

Contents:

Part 1 Drugs and Society: Past and Present 1

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Drug Use and Abuse 1

Two Ways of Looking at Drugs and Behavior 3

How Drugs Enter the Body 6

How Drugs Exit the Body 9

Factors Determining the Physiological Impact of Drugs 11

Psychological Factors in Drug-Taking Behavior 16

Physical and Psychological Dependence 17

Psychiatric Definitions 19

The Problem of Drug Toxicity 20

The DAWN Reports 24

Looking to the Future and Learning from the Past 28

Chapter 2 The History of Drug Use and Drug Legislation / Charles F. Levinthal, Brent A. Paterline 37

Drugs in Early Times 38

Drugs in the Nineteenth Century 39

Drug Regulation in the Early Twentieth Century 41

Drugs and Behavior from 1945 to 1960 45

The Return of Drug Tolerance, 1960-1980 45

Renewed Efforts at Control, 1980-Present 48

Present-Day Attitudes toward Drugs 50

Patterns of Drug Use in the United States 51

America's Drug Debate 56

Chapter 3 Theoretical Perspectives on Drug Use and Abuse / Charles F. Levinthal, Brent A. Paterline 60

Biological Perspectives on Drug Abuse 61

Psychological Perspectives on Drug Abuse 63

Sociological Perspectives on Drug Abuse 67

Integrating Perspectives on Drug Abuse 71

Risk Factors and Protective Factors 71

Part 2 Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society 78

Chapter 4 The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines 78

The History of Cocaine 79

Acute Effects of Cocaine 82

Chronic Effects of Cocaine 83

Medical Uses of Cocaine 84

How Cocaine Works in the Brain 84

Present-Day Cocaine Abuse 84

Treatment Programs for Cocaine Abuse 88

Amphetamines 90

Acute and Chronic Effects of Amphetamines 92

Medical Uses for Amphetamines and Similar Stimulant Drugs 96

Chapter 5 The Major Narcotics: Opium, Morphine, and Heroin 102

Opium in History 104

Morphine and the Advent of Heroin 106

Opiates and Heroin in American Society 107

Effects on the Mind and the Body 111

How Opiates Work in the Brain 112

Patterns of Heroin Abuse 113

Heroin Abuse and Society 116

Treatment for Heroin Abuse 117

Medical Uses of Narcotic Drugs 120

Chapter 6 LSD and Other Hallucinogens 127

A Matter of Definition 128

Classifying Hallucinogens 129

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 130

Facts and Fictions about LSD 135

Psilocybin and Other Hallucinogens Related to Serotonin 137

Hallucinogens Related to Norepinephrine 139

Hallucinogens Related to Acetylcholine 142

Phencyclidine (PCP) 144

Ketamine 146

Chapter 7 Marijuana 151

A Matter of Terminology 152

The History of Marijuana and Hashish 153

Acute Effects of Marijuana 156

Effects of Marijuana on the Brain 158

Chronic Effects of Marijuana 159

The Gateway Hypothesis 162

Patterns of Marijuana Smoking 164

Current Trends as Causes for Concern 165

Medical Uses of Marijuana 166

The Issue of Decriminalization 169

Chapter 8 Depressants and Inhalants 174

Barbiturates 175

Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics 178

The Development of Antianxiety Drugs 179

Benzodiazepines 180

Nonbenzodiazepine Depressants 183

A Special Alert: The Risks of GHB 185

Inhalants through History 186

Glue, Solvent, and Aerosol Inhalation 188

Patterns of Inhalant Abuse 191

Responses of Society to Inhalant Abuse 193

Amyl Nitrate and Butyl Nitrate Inhalation 195

Chapter 9 Anabolic Steroids and Drug Abuse in Sports 202

Drug-Taking Behavior in Sports 203

The Hazards of Anabolic Steroids 209

Patterns of Anabolic Steroid Abuse 211

Nonsteroid Hormones and Ergogenic Supplements 214

Current Drug-Testing Procedures and Policies 215

What Can Be Done about Anabolic Steroid Abuse? 219

Part 3 Legal Drugs in Our Society 224

Chapter 10 Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug 224

What Makes an Alcoholic Beverage? 225

Alcohol Use through History 227

Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Today 228

The Pharmacology of Alcohol 232

Effects of Alcohol on the Brain 235

Acute Physiological Effects 236

Acute Behavioral Effects 239

Chapter 11 Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 246

Alcoholism: Stereotypes, Definitions, and Criteria 247

Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: The Professional's View 250

The History of Efforts to Regulate Chronic Alcohol Abuse 251

Chronic Effects of Alcohol 254

Patterns of Chronic Alcohol Abuse 258

The Genetics of Alcoholism 261

The Concept of Alcoholism as a Disease 262

Approaches to Treatment for Alcoholism 262

Alcoholism in the Workplace 267

Chapter 12 Nicotine and Tobacco 272

Tobacco Use through History 273

Health Concerns and Smoking Behavior 276

Tobacco Today: An Industry on the Defensive 277

What's in Tobacco? 279

The Dependence Potential of Nicotine 281

Health Consequences of Tobacco Use 282

Patterns of Smoking Behavior and Use of Smokeless Tobacco 286

Quitting Smoking: The Good News and the Bad 292

Part 4 Drug Abuse and Drug Policy 300

Chapter 13 Drugs and Crime / Charles F. Levinthal, Brent A. Paterline 300

Understanding Drug Use and Crime 301

The Structure of the Illicit Drug Trade 306

The Trafficking of Cocaine 307

The Trafficking of Heroin 312

The Trafficking of Marijuana 316

The Trafficking of Methamphetamine 318

The Trafficking of Hallucinogens 320

Money Laundering 322

Chapter 14 Drugs and the Criminal Justice System / Charles F. Levinthal, Brent A. Paterline 328

Source Control 329

Interdiction 331

Street-Level Drug-Law Enforcement 335

Drugs and the Correctional System 340

Chapter 15 Drug Policy: Prevention, Education, and Treatment 348

Levels of Intervention in Drug Abuse Prevention 349

ATOD Prevention: Strategic Priorities, Goals, and Resilience 350

Lessons from the Past: Prevention Approaches That Have Failed 352

Hope and Promise: Components of Effective School-Based Prevention Programs 354

Community-Based Prevention Programs 358

Family Systems in Primary and Secondary Prevention 360

Yes, You: ATOD Prevention and the College Student 363

Prevention and Treatment in the Workplace 365

The Personal Journey to Treatment and Recovery 368

A Final Note: The Continuing Need for Drug-Abuse Treatment 370.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

ISBN:

0205439705

9780205439706

OCLC:

61211444