Bulgaria / R. J. Crampton.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Crampton, R. J.

Series:

Oxford history of modern Europe

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

History.

Bulgaria--History--19th century.

Bulgaria.

Bulgaria--History--20th century.

Physical Description:

xxi, 507 pages : illustrations, maps ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2007.

Summary:

Tracing the evolution of the Bulgarian state and its people, from the beginning of the national revival in the middle of the nineteenth century to the entry of the country into the European Union, Richard Crampton examines key political, social, and economic developments, showing how a backward and troublesome Balkan state became a modern European nation.

Seeing the collapse as well as the establishment and evolution of communist rule, Bulgaria survived an often painful journey from monolithic authoritarianism to representative democracy and the market system. Crampton follows this journey and analyses the development of Bulgaria's political culture, examining the emergence of radical movements, both agrarian and socialist, as well as looking at the role of religion and the position of minorities. Crampton highlights the problems and dilemmas created by the country's position between East and West, problems which might not be entirely solved by the country's admission to the EU.

Contents:

1 Origins 6

1 Bulgaria and the Bulgarians 6

2 Bulgaria before the Ottoman conquest 11

3 The Bulgarians under Ottoman Rule 18

2 The Bulgarian National Renaissance, I. Introduction 23

1 The pre-renaissance 25

2 The kurdjaliistvo 32

3 Population movements 35

3 The Bulgarian National Renaissance, II. The Cultural Revival and the Creation of the Modern Bulgarian State 41

1 The Tanzimat and the modernization of the Ottoman system 41

2 The education movement 49

3 Language and the press 55

4 The campaign for a Bulgarian Church 63

5 The revolutionary and political movements 81

4 The Turnovo Constitution and the Reign of Prince Alexander, 1878-1886 96

1 The Turnovo constitution and political instability, 1879-1881 96

2 Prince Alexander's attempted authoritarian rule, 1881-1883 107

3 The restoration of the Turnovo constitution and the rule of the liberals, 1883-1885 113

4 The national question, and the unification of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, 1878-1885 116

5 War with Serbia and the deposition of Prince Alexander, 1885-1886 123

6 The election of Prince Ferdinand 128

5 Stefan Stambolov, Prince Ferdinand, and the Quest for Recognition, 1887-1896 133

1 Stambolov ascendant, 1887-1890 134

2 The decline and fall of Stambolov, 1890-1894 138

3 The recognition of Prince Ferdinand, 1894-1896 143

4 Parties, partizantsvo, and the political system 146

6 Prince Ferdinand's Personal Rule, 1896-1912 150

1 The Macedonian question, 1894-1898 150

2 The ORC fiasco, 1894-1899 153

3 The agrarian crisis and the birth of BANU, 1899-1901 157

4 Money and Macedonia, 1900-1903 162

5 The Ilinden rising and the second stambolovist government, 1903-1908 166

6 The government of Malinov and the declaration of independence, 1907-1911 174

7 The growth of political radicalism 179

7 Bulgaria at War, 1912-1918 190

1 Constitutional change and the formation of the Balkan league 190

2 The first Balkan war 196

3 The second Balkan war: the first 'national catastrophe' 198

4 From Balkan to European war 204

5 Bulgaria and the first world war: the commitment to the central powers 206

6 Bulgaria in the first world war: the second 'national catastrophe' 210

8 Between Two Wars, 1919-1941 220

1 The treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine 221

2 The agrarians versus the communists, 1919-1920 222

3 BANU in power, 1920-1923 224

4 The tsankovist terror, 1923-1926 236

5 The government of the Democratic Alliance, 1926-1931 239

6 The People's Bloc and the great depression, 1931-1934 240

7 The zvenari government, 19 May 1934-January 1935 245

8 The personal regime of King Boris, 1935-1941 248

9 Bulgaria and the Second World War, 1941-1944 258

1 The occupied territories 258

2 Domestic politics during the war 262

3 Bulgaria's military participation in the war 267

4 The regency and the end of the 'symbolic' war 270

5 Internal opposition: the Fatherland Front, and the partisan movement 274

6 Bulgaria's exit from the war 277

10 Social and Economic Factors, 1878-1944 282

1 Demography 282

2 Stability and change 284

3 The persistence and dominance of the small peasant proprietor 287

4 Standards of living in rural areas 289

5 Agricultural backwardness 291

6 Urban growth 295

7 Industrial development 298

8 The state and industry 301

9 Public health 305

10 The position of women in Bulgarian society 305

11 The Communist Acquisition of Power, 1944-1948 308

1 The first purges, September 1944-May 1945 308

2 The communists versus the agrarians, May-November 1945 312

3 The communist offensive, December 1945-October 1946 314

4 The communists embattled, October 1946-February 1947 316

5 The peace treaty and the elimination of Petkov, February-September 1947 321

6 The communists assume total control, September-December 1947 323

12 The Communists in Power, I. The Rule of Terror, the Reign of Vulko Chervenkov, and the Rise of Todor Zhivkov, 1948-1965 327

1 The transformation of the social and economic order 327

2 The terror and the stalinist purges 333

3 Vulko Chervenkov and the sovietization of Bulgaria, 1949-1953 340

4 The 'new course' in Bulgaria, 1953-1956 343

5 The April plenum 1956 345

6 Zhivkov versus Yugov, 1956-1962 347

13 The Communists in Power, II. The Rule of Todor Zhivkov, 1965-1989 352

1 Todor Zhivkov 352

2 Building socialism 354

3 'Mature' or 'real existing socialism' in Bulgaria 356

4 Zhivkov ascendant, 1965-1975 358

5 Zhivkov's external policies 363

6 The amazing career of Lyudmila Zhivkova 367

7 The decline of communist power; the collapse of the economic strategy 370

8 The decline of communist power: the 'regenerative process' 375

9 The decline of party authority, 1975-1985 379

10 The collapse of the Zhivkov regime, 1985-1989 381

14 Post-Communist Bulgaria, 1989-2005 389

1 Devising a new constitution, December 1989-July 1991 389

2 Treading water, October 1991-January 1995 395

3 The BSP government, January 1995-April 1997 400

4 The Kostov government and movement towards the EU and NATO, April 1997-June 2001 407

5 Government by 'the king' and entry into NATO and the EU, June 2001-June 2005 415

6 Postscript: the elections of 2005 420

15 The Minority and Demographic Questions 422

1 The Muslims: Turks and Pomaks, 1878-1989 426

2 The other minorities, 1878-1944 433

3 The minorities under communist rule, 1944-1989 436

4 The minorities since 1989 438

5 Recent demographic decline 443

Epilogue: Bulgaria between East and West 445

Appendix Bulgarian Political Parties, 1878-1934 449

General histories 456

The Bulgarian national revival 459

From the liberation to the end of the first world war 463

From the end of the first to the end of the second world war 469

Social and economic development from 1878 to 1944 473

The years of communist domination, 1944-1989 474

Bulgaria since 1989 479

Minorities and ethnic questions 479.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [456]-481) and index.

ISBN:

0198205147

9780198205142

OCLC:

74522150