Empathy and fairness / [participants, Ralph Adolphs ... and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Adolphs, Ralph.

Novartis Foundation.

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Series:

Novartis Foundation symposium ; 278.

Novartis Foundation symposium ; 278

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Empathy.

Fairness.

Morals.

Social Justice.

Medical Subjects:

Empathy.

Morals.

Social Justice.

Physical Description:

viii, 232 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

Summary:

Empathy is the process that allows us to share the feelings and emotions of others, in the absence of any direct emotional stimulation to the self. Humans can feel empathy for other people in a wide array of contexts: for basic emotions and sensations such as anger, fear, sadness, joy, pain and lust as well as for more complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment and love. It has been proposed that, for most people, empathy is the process that prevents us doing harm to others.

Although empathy seems to be an automatic response of the brain to others' emotional reactions, there are circumstances under which we do not share the same feeling as others. Imagine, for example, that someone who does the same job as you is paid twice as much. In this case, that person might be very satisfied with their extra salary, but you would not share this satisfaction. This case illustrates the ubiquitous feeling of fairness and justice.

Our sense of fairness has also become the focus of modern economic theories. In contrast to the prominent self-interest hypothesis of classic economy assuming that all people are exclusively motivated by their self-interest, humans are also strongly motivated by other-regarding preferences such as the concern for fairness and reciprocity. The notion of fairness is not only crucial in personal interaction with others in the context of families, workplace or interactions with strangers, but also guides people's behaviour in impersonal economic and political domains.

This book brings together work from a wide range of disciplines to explain processes underlying empathy and fairness. The expert contributors approach the topic of empathy and fairness from different viewpoints, namely those of social cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology, evolutionary anthropology, economics and neuropathology. The result is an interdisciplinary and unitary framework focused on the neuronal, developmental, evolutionary and psychological basis of empathy and fairness. With its extensive discussions and the high calibre of the participants, this important new book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in this topic.

Contents:

Vittorio Gallese Embodied simulation: from mirror neuron systems to interpersonal relations 3

/ Tania Singer The neuronal basis of empathy and fairness 20

/ Marc Hauser What's fair? The unconscious calculus of our moral faculty 41

/ Josep Call, Keith Jensen Chimpanzees may recognize motives and goals, but may not reckon on them 56

/ Nancy Eisenberg Empathy-related responding and prosocial behaviour 71

/ Paul A. M. Van Lange, Marcello Gallucci, Johan C. Karremans, Anthon Klapwijk, Chris Reinders Folmer A social interaction analysis of empathy and fairness 97

/ Raymond A. Mar, C. Neil Macrae Triggering the intentional stance 111

/ R. James, R. Blair Dissociable systems for empathy 134

/ Ralph Adolphs Looking at other people: mechanisms for social perception revealed in subjects with focal amygdala damage 146

/ Jonathan Wolff Models of distributive justice 165

/ Frederique de Vignemont When do we empathize? 181

/ Robert Frank Cooperation through moral commitment 197.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

047002626X

9780470026267

OCLC:

124040871