The physics of semiconductor microcavities : from fundamentals to nanoscale devices / editor, Benoit Deveaud.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Deveaud, B. (Benoît)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Semiconductors.

Quantum electrodynamics.

Physical Description:

xx, 307 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, [2007]

Summary:

Electron and photon confinement in semiconductor nanostructures is one of the most active areas in solid state research. Written by leading experts in solid state physics, this book provides both a comprehensive review as well as an excellent introduction to fundamental and applied aspects of light-matter coupling in microcavities. Topics covered include parametric amplification and polariton liquids, quantum fluid and non-linear dynamical effects and parametric instabilities, polariton squeezing, Bose-Einstein condensation of microcavity polaritons, spin dynamics of exciton-polaritons, polariton correlation produced by parametric scattering, progress in III-nitride distributed Bragg reflectors using AlInN/GaN materials, high efficiency planar MCLEDs, exciton-polaritons and nanoscale cavities in photonic crystals, and MBE growth of high finesse microcavities.

Contents:

1 Fifteen Years of Microcavity Polaritons 1

/ Vincenzo Savona 1

1.2 The Past 4

1.2.1 The Beginning of the Microcavity Polariton Era 4

1.2.2 Energy Relaxation and Polariton Photoluminescence 6

1.2.3 The Problem of the Polariton Spectral Linewidth 7

1.2.4 Influence of Structural Disorder 8

1.3 The Present 10

1.3.1 Parametric Amplification and Photoluminescence 10

1.3.2 Quantum Correlation and Non-Classical Properties 13

1.4 The Future 16

1.4.1 Polariton Quantum Collective Phenomena 16

1.4.2 Engineering Quantum Confined Polariton Nanodevices 19

2 MBE Growth of High Finesse Microcavities 31

/ Ursula Oesterle, Ross P. Stanley, Romuald Houdre 31

2.2 Principles of MBE Growth 31

2.2.1 Growth of Al[subscript x]Ga[subscript 1-x]As/AlAs DBRs 32

2.2.2 Growth of (In,Ga) As Quantum Wells 33

2.2.3 Growth of Vertical Cavity Structures 33

2.3 Characterization and Properties of Vertical Cavity Structures 35

2.3.1 Error Tolerance 35

2.3.2 Structural Properties 36

2.3.3 Optical Measurements of High Finesse Microcavity Structures 39

3 Early Stages of Continuous Wave Experiments on Cavity-Polaritons 45

/ Romuald Houdre 45

3.2 First Liquid Nitrogen and Room Temperature Observation (1993) 48

3.3 Cavity-Polariton Dispersion Curve (1994) 50

3.4 Bleaching of the Oscillator Strength (1995) 56

3.5 Continuous Wave Photoluminescence Experiments (1995-1996) 58

3.5.1 Nonresonant Excitation 58

3.5.2 Resonant Excitation 62

3.6 Linewidth, Disorder Effects and Linear Dispersion Modelling (1995-1997) 63

3.6.1 More on Linear Dispersion Modelling 63

3.6.2 Disorder Effects and Inhomogeneous Broadening (1995) 65

3.6.3 The Second Generation of Samples (1996) 68

3.6.4 Inhibition of Acoustic Phonon Broadening (1996) 70

3.6.5 Test of Linear Dispersion Theory (1997) 73

3.7 Rayleigh Scattering (2000) 76

3.8 Nonlinear Continuous Wave Effects (1999-2000) 79

4 Exciton-Polaritons and Nanoscale Cavities in Photonic Crystal Slabs 87

/ Lucio Claudio Andreani, Dario Gerace, Mario Agio 87

4.2 Mode Dispersion and Linewidths in Photonic Crystal Slabs 88

4.3 Exciton-Polaritons in Photonic Crystal Slabs 91

4.4 Nanoscale Cavities in Photonic Crystal Slabs 96

4.5 Strong Exciton-Light Coupling in Nanocavities 98

5 Parametric Amplification and Polariton Liquids in Semiconductor Microcavities 105

/ Jeremy J. Baumberg, Pavlos G. Lagoudakis 105

5.2 Parametric Scattering at the Magic Angle 106

5.2.1 Ultrafast Experiments on Semiconductor Microcavities 106

5.2.2 Simple Pair Scattering 106

5.2.3 Quasimode Theory of Parametric Amplification 109

5.2.4 Multiple Scattering at the Magic Angle 111

5.2.5 Double Resonant On-Branch Multiple Scattering 112

5.3 Local Deformations of the Dispersion: Beyond Pair Scattering 114

5.3.1 Polariton Liquids at the Bottom of the Polariton Trap 114

5.3.2 Local Oscillator Strength Model 116

5.3.3 Direct Time-Resolved Emission During Parametric Amplification 117

5.4 Historical Perspective (JJB) 118

6 Quantum Fluid Effects and Parametric Instabilities in Microcavities 123

/ Cristiano Ciuti, Iacopo Carusotto 123

6.3 Hamiltonian and Polariton Mean-Field Equations 124

6.4 Stationary Solutions in the Homogeneous Case 126

6.5 Linearized Bogoliubov-Like Theory 127

6.5.1 Stability of the Stationary Solutions 128

6.5.2 Complex Energy of the Collective Excitations 130

6.5.2.1 Excitation Near the Inflection Point of the LP Dispersion 132

6.5.2.2 Excitation Near the Bottom of the LP Dispersion 134

6.5.2.3 Simplified Analytical Model for Excitation Close to the Bottom of the LP Dispersion 137

6.6 Response to a Static Potential: Resonant Rayleigh Scattering 138

6.6.1 Weak Excitation Regime and Elastic RRS Ring 139

6.6.2 Superfluid Regime 142

6.6.3 Precursors of Parametric Instabilities and Branch Sticking 144

6.6.4 Cherenkov Regime 146

7 Non-Linear Dynamical Effects in Semiconductor Microcavities 151

/ Jean-Louis Staehli, Stefan Kundermann, Michele Saba, Christiano Ciuti, Augustin Baas, Thierry Guillet, Benoit Deueaud 151

7.2 Experimental 154

7.2.1 The Microcavity 154

7.2.2 Pump-Probe Experiments and Parametric Amplification 156

7.3 A Simple Theoretical Model 159

7.4 Coherent Control 161

7.5 Measurements Resolved in Real Time 165

8 Polariton Correlation in Microcavities Produced by Parametric Scattering 171

/ Wolfgang Langbein 171

8.2 Investigated Sample and Experimental Details 172

8.3 Parametric Scattering for a Single Pump Direction 173

8.4 Parametric Scattering for Two Pump Directions 176

8.5 Polariton Quantum Complementarity by Parametric Scattering 180

9 Spin Dynamics of Exciton Polaritons in Microcavities 187

/ Ivan A. Shelykh, Alexei V. Kavokin, Guillaume Malpuech 187

9.2 Experimental Results 189

9.3 Pseudospin Formalism and Pseudospin Rotation 193

9.4 Interplay Between Spin and Energy Relaxation 198

9.5 Spin-Dynamics of Polariton - Polariton Scattering 205

9.6 Perspective: Toward "Spin-Optronic" Devices 209

10 Bose-Einstein Condensation of Microcavity Polaritons 211

/ Vincenzo Savona, Davide Sarchi 211

10.2 Bose-Einstein Condensation: Basic Facts 212

10.3 Review of Exciton and Polariton BEC 216

10.4 Some Considerations on Microcavity Polariton BEC 222

11 Polariton Squeezing in Microcavities 227

/ Antonio Quattropani, Paolo Schwendimann 227

11.2 Squeezed States 228

11.3 Intrinsic Squeezing of Polaritons 230

11.3.1 Intrinsic Squeezing of Bulk Polaritons 230

11.3.2 Intrinsic Squeezing of Polaritons in Confined Systems 234

11.4 Squeezing for Interacting Microcavity Polaritons 236

12 High Efficiency Planar MCLEDs 245

/ Reto Joray, Ross P. Stanley, Marc Llegems 245

12.2 Microcavities 246

12.2.2 State of the Art Planar Semiconductor MCLEDs 248

12.3 Novel Concepts 252

12.3.1 Phase-Shift Cavity 252

12.3.2 Oxide DBR 254

13 Progresses in III-Nitride Distributed Bragg Reflectors and Microcavities Using AlInN/GaN Materials 261

/ Jean-Francois Carlin, Cristof Zellweger, Julien Dorsaz, Sylvain Nicolay, Gabriel Christmann, Eric Feltin, Raphael Butte, Nicolas Grandjean 261

13.2 AlInN Alloy: Growth and Characterization 262

13.2.1 AlInN: Motivation and Difficulty 262

13.2.2 Growth of AlInN and AlInN/GaN DBRs 263

13.2.3 Structural Characteristics: X-ray Evaluations and TEM Images 264

13.2.4 Optical Index Contrast to GaN 266

13.2.5 Bandgap and Dispersion of Refractive Index 269

13.2.6 Photoluminescence and Stokes Shift 272

13.3 Microcavity Light Emitting Diode 273

13.4 High Reflectivity DBR and Residual Absorption 277

13.5 Epitaxial Microcavities 281

14 Microcavities in Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Ecole Polytechnique (France) and Elsewhere: Past, Present and Future 287

/ Claude Weisbuch, Henri Benisty 287

14.1.1 The Light-matter Interaction in Semiconductors 287

14.1.2 The Impact of Electronic Motion Quantization 288

14.1.3 The Impact of Photon Mode Quantization 290

14.2 The Interplay of Photon and Electron Dimensionalities 290

14.3 Looking Backwards: a Short History of Microcavities in Solids 293

14.4 The Birth of the Microcavity Effort in Lausanne 296

14.5 Why We Like Microcavities! 298

14.6 The Future: What Are We Looking For? 300.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9783527405619

OCLC:

77792743