Biofluid dynamics : principles and selected applications / Clement Kleinstreuer.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kleinstreuer, C.

Contributor:

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Body fluid flow.

Fluid mechanics.

Biomechanics.

Body Fluids--physiology.

Rheology.

Biomechanical Phenomena.

Hemodynamic Processes--physiology.

Models, Biological.

Medical Subjects:

Body Fluids--physiology.

Rheology.

Biomechanical Phenomena.

Hemodynamic Processes--physiology.

Models, Biological.

Physical Description:

xxix, 492 pages, 16 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, FL : CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006.

Summary:

A solid knowledge base and good skill levels in biofluid dynamics are important for the understanding of fundamental aspects of human physiology and the evaluation design of artificial implants and medical devices. This textbook contains review, methodology, and application chapters to reach these goals. For additional assistance, a glossary of biological terms, many figures illustrating theoretical concepts, numerous solved sample problems, and mathematical appendices are provided. The text is geared toward seniors and first-year graduate students in engineering and physics as well as professionals in medicine and medical implant device industries. It can be used as a primary selection for a comprehensive course or for a two-course sequence. An introductory background in continuum mechanics, including thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and solid mechanics, is assumed.

The book has two main parts: theory, comprising the first two chapters, and applications, constituting the remainder of the book. Specifically, the fundamentals of physical and related biological transport phenomena, such as mass, momentum, and heat transfer in biomedical systems, are reviewed. Complementary topics, such as two-phase flow, biomechanics, and fluid-structure interaction, are highlighted. Needed elements of engineering mathematics and CFD software applications are summarized in two appendices as well as in Chapter V. The application part, in form of project analyses, focuses on the cardiovascular system with common arterial diseases, organ systems, targeted drug delivery, and stent-graft implants.

Armed with this book, the studious reader will be ready to solve basic biofluids-related problems, gain new physical insight, and analyze biofluid dynamics aspects of biomedical systems.

Contents:

I Elements of Continuum Mechanics 1

1.1 Biological Transport Processes 2

1.1.1 Micro-to Macro-scale Systems 2

1.1.2 Solute Transport 7

1.2 Basic Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer Concepts 13

1.2.1 Continuum Mechanics Axioms 18

1.2.2 Flow Field Descriptions 19

1.2.2.1 Lagrangian Description 20

1.2.2.2 Eulerian Description 21

1.2.3 Derivation Approaches 22

1.3 Conservation Laws 24

1.3.1 Mass Conservation 26

1.3.2 Momentum Conservation (Integral Approach) 27

1.3.2.1 Stress Tensors and Stress Vectors 30

1.3.2.2 Equation of Motion and its Special Cases 34

1.3.2.3 Force Balance Derivation 36

1.3.3 Energy Conservation 42

1.3.3.1 Heat and Mass Transfer Equations 43

1.3.3.2 Basic Heat and Mass Transfer Applications 44

1.3.4 Turbulent Flow Equations 49

1.3.4.1 Aspects of Turbulence 49

1.3.4.2 Turbulence Scales 54

1.3.4.3 Summary of Turbulence Modeling 55

1.3.5 Solution Techniques 64

1.3.5.1 Solution Methods for Differential Equations 67

1.3.5.2 Solution Procedures for the Navier-Stokes Equations 67

1.3.5.3 Similarity Theory 71

1.3.5.4 Integral Methods 72

1.3.5.5 Dimensional Analysis and Scaling 76

1.4 Two-Phase Flows 78

1.4.1 Modeling Approaches 79

1.4.1.2 Phase Coupling 83

1.4.2 Mixture Models 88

1.4.2.1 Homogeneous and Non-Newtonian Flow Models 88

1.4.2.2 Drift-Flux Model 98

1.4.3 Separated Flow Models 99

1.4.3.1 Particle Trajectory Models 99

1.4.3.2 Species Mass Transfer 108

1.4.4 Porous Media Flow 109

1.5 Biomechanics Review 120

1.5.2 Principal Stresses 120

1.5.3 Equilibrium Conditions 126

1.5.4 Deformation Analysis and Stress-Strain Relationships 127

1.5.5 Simplifications 131

1.6 Summary and Outlook 137

1.7 Homework Assignments 139

II Biofluid Dynamics Concepts 161

2.1 Transport Phenomena 162

2.1.1 Biofluid-compartment Models 163

2.1.2 Tissue Heat and Mass Transfer 173

2.1.3 Joint Lubrication 186

2.1.4 Cell Transport and Microvascular Beds 192

2.2 The Cardiovascular System 197

2.2.1 Cardiovascular Transport Dynamics 197

2.2.2 The Heart 199

2.2.3 The Blood Vessels 209

2.3 Homework Problems 232

III Analyses of Arterial Diseases 241

3.1 Vessel Occlusions 241

3.1.1 Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation 242

3.1.1.1 A Particle-Hemodynamics Model 244

3.1.1.2 A Pathway Model for Atherogenesis 244

3.1.2 Intimal Hyperplasia Development 245

3.1.3 Thrombogenesis 246

3.1.4 Particle-Hemodynamics 247

3.1.4.1 Equations of Particle Motion 251

3.1.4.2 Near-Wall Forces 254

3.1.4.3 Hemodynamic Wall Parameters 257

3.1.5 Treatment Option: Femoral End-to-Side Graft Bypass 265

3.1.5.1 Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics Solution 266

3.1.5.2 Model Validation 271

3.1.5.3 Results for a Distal End-to-Side Femoral Bypass 272

3.1.5.4 Novel System Design and Discussion 276

3.2 Aneurysms 278

3.2.1 Aortic Aneurysms 279

3.2.1.1 Mechanisms of AAA Development 280

3.2.1.2 AAA-Wall Stress and Rupture 282

3.2.2 Treatment Option: Stent-graft Implants 283

3.2.3 Stented AAA-model Analysis 284

3.2.3.1 Basic Structure Equations 287

3.2.3.2 Numerical Method 287

3.2.3.3 Model Validations 289

3.2.3.4 Results and Discussion 290

3.3 Examples of Computerized Disease Management 296

3.3.2 Image File Conversion Steps 297

3.3.3 A Stenosed Artery Model for Surgical Bypass Planning 303

3.3.4 AAA-Rupture Prediction 306

3.4 Homework Problems 311

IV Biofluid Mechanics of Organ Systems 321

4.1 The Lungs 322

4.1.1 Respiratory Tract Geometry 328

4.1.2 Pulmonary Disorders and Treatment Options 330

4.2 The Kidneys 339

4.2.1 Kidney Structure and Functions 340

4.2.2 Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in an Artificial Kidney Model 342

4.3 The Liver 349

4.3.1 Liver Structure and Functions 351

4.3.2 Fluid Flow and Mass Transfer in a Liver Model 351

4.4 Homework Problems 358

V Case Studies in Biofluid Dynamics 363

5.1 Prerequisites for Modeling and Simulating 364

5.1.1 Problem Recognition and System Conceptualization 366

5.1.2 Types of Models and Modeling Approaches 367

5.1.3 Mathematical Representation and System Simulation 371

5.2 Nanodrug Delivery in Microchannels 376

5.2.1 Flow in Microchannels 377

5.2.1.1 Numerical Solution Techniques 378

5.2.1.2 Microchannel Flow Effects 383

5.2.2 Controlled Nanodrug Delivery in Microchannels 392

5.3 Particle Deposition and Targeting in Human Lung Airways 397

5.3.1 Nanoparticle and Microparticle Depositions in a Human Upper Airway Model 399

5.3.2 Modeling Approach and Results 399

5.3.2.1 Numerical Method 404

5.3.2.2 Model Validations 405

5.3.2.3 Results and Discussion 407

5.3.3 Micro-drug Aerosol Targeting in Lung Airways 419

5.4 Fluid-Structure Interactions in Stented Aneurysms 422

5.4.1 Aneurysms and Their Possible Repairs 422

5.4.2 A Stented Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model 426

5.4.2.2 Theory 428

5.4.2.3 Results 434

5.5 Project Assignments 443

A Review of Tensor Calculus, Differential Operations, Integral Transformations, and ODE Solutions 452

B Single-Phase Field Equations 468

C Suitable CFD Solvers 470

D Physical Properties 475.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0849322219

9780849322211

OCLC:

65201403

Publisher Number:

9780849322211

Online:

Publisher description