Nanodevices for the life sciences / edited by Challa S.S.R. Kumar.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kumar, C. S. S. R. (Challa S. S. R.)

Series:

Nanotechnologies for the life sciences ; 4.

Nanotechnologies for the life sciences ; 4

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Life sciences--Research.

Life sciences.

Nanoscience.

Nanostructured materials.

Physical Description:

xx, 469 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH ; Chichester : John Wiley [distributor], [2006]

Summary:

Volume 4 covers all important aspects of nanodevice fabrication from both artificial as well as natural biological materials for purposes and applications in the life sciences. The specific needs and tools of the disciplines involved, materials and device engineering on the one hand and molecular biology and chemistry on the other, are illustrated and strategies are shown how to bring them together for successful bionanodevice creation.

Contents:

1 The Physics and Modeling of Biofunctionalized Nanoelectromechanical Systems / Mark R. Paul, Jerry E. Solomon 1

1.2 The Stochastic Dynamics of Micro- and Nanoscale Oscillators in Fluid 4

1.2.1 Fluid Dynamics at Small Scales 4

1.2.2 An Exact Approach to Determine the Stochastic Dynamics of Arrays of Cantilevers of Arbitrary Geometry in Fluid 8

1.2.3 An Approximate Model for Long and Slender Cantilevers in Fluid 11

1.2.4 The Stochastic Dynamics of a Fluid-coupled Array of (BIO)NEMS Cantilevers 16

1.3 The Physics Describing the Kinetics of Target Analyte Capture on the Oscillator 19

1.4 Detecting Noise in Noise: Signal-processing Challenges 24

2 Mathematical and Computational Modeling: Towards the Development and Application of Nanodevices for Drug Delivery / John P. Sinek, Hermann B. Frieboes, Balakrishnan Sivaraman, Sandeep Sanga, Vittorio Cristini 29

2.2 RES Avoidance 30

2.2.1 A Statistical Model of Nanovector Surface Coverage 31

2.2.2 Modeling the Forces Mediating Protein Approach and Binding 35

2.3 Tumoral Vasculature and Hemodynamics 35

2.3.1 An Invasion Percolation Model of Vasculogenesis and Hemodynamics 37

2.3.2 Flow Simulations Using Anderson and Chaplain's Model 40

2.3.3 Particle Dynamics within the Tumoral Vasculature 45

2.4 Receptor-Ligand-mediated Binding 47

2.4.1 Bell's Deterministic Model 49

2.4.2 A Stochastic Model 52

2.5 Intratumoral and Cellular Drug Kinetics and Pharmacodynamics 54

2.5.1 A Two-Dimensional Model of Chemotherapy 55

2.5.2 Refinements of the Model 57

3 Nanolithography: Towards Fabrication of Nanodevices for Life Sciences / Johnpeter Ndiangui Ngunjiri, Jie-Ren Li, Jayne Carol Garno 67

3.1 Introduction: Engineering Surfaces at the Nanoscale 67

3.2 Immobilization of Biomolecules for Surface Assays 69

3.2.1 Strategies for Linking Proteins to Surfaces 69

3.2.1.1 Electrostatic Immobilization 70

3.2.1.2 Covalent Immobilization 70

3.2.1.3 Molecular Recognition and Specific Interactions 71

3.2.1.4 Nonspecific Physical Adsorption to Surfaces 71

3.2.2 SAM Chemistry 74

3.3 Methods for Nanolithography with Proteins 76

3.3.1 Bias-induced Nanolithography of SAMs 78

3.3.2 Force-induced Nanolithography of SAMs 82

3.3.3 DPN of SAMs and Proteins 87

3.3.4 Latex Particle Lithography with Proteins 91

3.4 Detection of Protein Binding at the Nanoscale 94

3.5 Future Directions 96

3.5.1 Advantages of Nanoscale Detection 96

3.5.2 Development of Cantilever Arrays 97

4 Microcantilever-based Nanodevices in the Life Sciences / Horacio D. Espinosa, Keun-Ho Kim, Nicolaie Moldovan 109

4.2 Microcantilevers 111

4.2.1 Microfabrication of Miniaturized Probes 112

4.2.2 Cantilever Probes for Nanopatterning 116

4.2.3 Elastomeric AFM Probes 121

4.2.4 Monolithically Fabricated Conductive Diamond Probes 122

4.3 Cantilevers with Integrated Micro- and Nanofluidics 126

4.3.1 Apertured Pyramidal Tips 126

4.3.2 Open-channel Cantilevered Microspotters 128

4.3.3 Closed-channel Cantilevered Nanopipettes 133

4.3.4 Micromachined Hypodermic Needle Arrays 136

4.3.5 NFPs 137

4.4 Applications 141

4.4.1 Patterning of DNA 141

4.4.2 Patterning of Proteins 142

4.4.3 Patterning of Viruses 143

5 Nanobioelectronics / Ross Rinaldi, Giuseppe Maruccio 150

5.2 Bio-self-assembly and Motivation 150

5.3 Fundamentals of the Bio-building Blocks 153

5.3.1 DNA 153

5.3.2 Proteins 154

5.4 Interconnection, Self-assembly and Device Implementation 155

5.4.1 Interconnecting Molecules 157

5.4.2 Delivering Molecules 158

5.5 Devices Based on DNA and DNA Bases 160

5.5.1 Charge Transfer in DNA 161

5.5.2 DNA Conductivity 164

5.5.2.1 Near-ohmic Behavior (Activated Hopping Conductor) 164

5.5.2.2 Semiconducting (Bandgap) Behavior 168

5.5.2.3 Insulating Behavior 169

5.5.2.4 Discussion of DNA Conductivity 170

5.5.2.5 Other Applications of DNA in Molecular Electronics 173

5.6 Devices Based on Proteins 177

6 DNA Nanodevices: Prototypes and Applications / Friedrich C. Simmel 189

6.2 DNA as a Material for Nanotechnology 189

6.2.1 Nanoscale Science 189

6.2.2 Biophysical and Biochemical Properties of Nucleic Acids 190

6.2.3 DNA Nanoconstruction 193

6.3 Simple DNA Devices 193

6.3.1 Conformational Changes Induced by Small Molecules and Ions 193

6.3.2 Hybridization-driven Devices 196

6.4 Towards Functional Devices 198

6.4.1 Walk and Roll 199

6.4.2 Interaction with Proteins 202

6.4.3 Information Processing 206

6.4.4 Switchable Networks and Hybrid Materials 207

6.5 Autonomous Behavior 209

6.5.1 Driving Devices with Chemical Reactions 209

6.5.2 Genetic Control 210

7 Towards the Realization of Nanobiosensors Based on G-protein-coupled Receptors / Cecilia Pennetta, Vladimir Akimov, Eleonora Aifinito, Lino Reggiani, Tatiana Gorojankina, Jasmina Minic, Edith Pajot-Augy, Marie-Annick Persuy, Roland Salesse, Ignacio Casuso, Abdelhamid Errachid, Gabriel Comila, Oscar Ruiz, Josep Samitier, Yanxia Hou, Nicole Jaffrezic, Giorgio Ferrari, Laura Fumagalli, Marco Sampietro 217

7.2 Preparation and Immobilization of GPCRs on Functionalized Surfaces 220

7.3 Signal Techniques 221

7.4 Theoretical Approach 222

7.5 The Impedance Network Model 224

7.6 Equilibrium Fluctuations 231

8 Protein-based Nanotechnology: Kinesin-Microtubule-driven Systems for Bioanalytical Applications / William O. Hancock 241

8.2 Kinesin and Microtubule Cell Biology and Biophysics 242

8.2.1 Kinesin Motility Assays 244

8.3 Theoretical Transport Issues for Device Integration 245

8.3.1 Diffusion versus Transport Times 247

8.4 Interaction of Motor Proteins and Filaments with Synthetic Surfaces 249

8.4.1 Motor Adsorption 249

8.4.2 Microtubule Immobilization 251

8.5 Controlling the Direction and Distance of Microscale Transport 252

8.5.1 Directing Kinesin-driven Microtubules 252

8.5.2 Movement in Enclosed Microchannels 255

8.5.3 Immobilized Microtubule Arrays 257

8.6 Cargo Attachment 259

8.6.1 Maximum Cargo Size 261

8.7 System Design Consideration 262

8.7.1 Protein Stability and Lifetime 262

8.7.2 Sample Introduction and Detection 264

8.7.3 Analyte Detection and Collection 265

9 Self-assembly and Bio-directed Approaches for Carbon Nanotubes: Towards Device Fabrication / Arianna Filoramo 272

9.2 CNTs: Basic Features, Synthesis and Device Applications 274

9.2.2 Synthesis of Nanotubes 276

9.2.3 Device Applications 277

9.3 Fabrication of CNT Transistors and Self-assembly Approaches 278

9.4 In situ CVD Growth 280

9.5 Selective Deposition of CNTs by SAM-assisted Techniques 281

9.5.1 Methodology and Key Parameters 282

9.5.2 Performance of CNTFETs Fabricated by the SAM Method 288

9.6 DNA-directed Self-assembly 291

9.6.1 The Assembly of the Scaffold 292

9.6.2 Selective Attachment of the DNA Scaffold on the Surface Microscale Electrodes 294

9.6.3 Positioning of Nano-objects or Nanodevices on the Scaffold 295

9.6.4 Realization of Electrical Connections and Circuitry 298

9.6.5 Fabrication of DNA-directed CNT Devices 303

10 Nanodevices for Biosensing: Design, Fabrication Applications / Laura M. Lechuga, Kirill Zinoviev, Laura C.

Carrascosa, Miguel Moreno 317

10.2 From Biosensor to Nanobiosensor Devices 318

10.2.2 Biological Functionalization of Nanobiosensors 320

10.3 Nanophotonic Biosensors 321

10.3.2 Integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) Nanodevice 322

10.3.2.1 Design and Fabrication 323

10.3.2.2 Characterization and Applications 325

10.3.3 Integration in Microsystems 329

10.4 Nanomechanical Biosensors 330

10.4.2 Working Principle 330

10.4.3 Detection Systems 332

10.4.4 Design of a Standard Microcantilever Sensor 333

10.4.4.1 Fabrication of a Standard Microcantilever Sensor 334

10.4.4.2 Optical Waveguide Microcantilever: Design and Fabrication 337

10.4.4.2.1 Principle of Operation and Theoretical Analysis 338

10.4.4.2.2 Fabrication and Characterization 339

10.4.5 Biosensing Applications of Nanomechanical Sensors 342

10.5 Conclusions and Future Goals 344

11 Fullerene-based Devices for Biological Applications / Ginka H. Sarova, Tatiana Da Ros, Dirk M. Guldi 348

11.2 Solubility 348

11.3 Toxicity 350

11.4 DNA Photocleavage 351

11.4.1 Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 353

11.4.2 Fullerene-mediated Electron Transfer Across Membranes 358

11.4.3 Neuroprotective Activity via Radical Scavenging 362

11.4.4 Enzyme Inhibition and Antiviral Activity 367

11.4.5 Antibacterial Activity 369

11.4.6 Fullerenes as Nanodevices in Monoclonal Immunology 371

11.4.7 Fullerenes as Radiotracers 373

11.4.8 Fullerenes as Vectors 375

12 Nanotechnology for Biomedical Devices / Lars Montelius 386

12.2 Nanotechnologies 388

12.2.1 Overview of Nanotechnologies and Nanotools 388

12.2.1.1 NIL 393

12.2.1.2 Other Lithography Techniques 393

12.2.1.3 Scanning Probes 395

12.3 Applications 397

12.3.2 Biomedical Applications based on Nanostructured Passive Surfaces 397

12.3.2.1 Separation, Concentration and Enriching Structures 398

12.3.2.2 Molecular Motors Transported in Nanometer Channels 400

12.3.2.3 Topographical Structures, Cells and Guidance of Neurons 401

12.3.3 Biomedical Applications utilizing Active Nanostructured Surfaces 405

12.3.4 Protein Chips 409

12.3.5 Protein Interactions 412

12.3.6 Biomedical Applications using Nanowires 415

12.3.7 Biomedical Applications using Nanoparticles 416

12.3.8 Biomedical Applications using SPM Technology 416

12.3.8.1 Imaging of Biomolecules using SPM 418

12.3.8.2 Force Detection of Single Molecular Events 418

12.3.8.3 Cantilever-based Detection of Molecular Events 418

13 Nanodevices in Nature / Alexander G. Volkov, Courtney L. Brown 436

13.2 Multielectron Processes in Bioelectrochemical Nanoreactors 437

13.3 Cytochrome Oxidase: A Nanodevice for Respiration 438

13.3.1 Nanodevice Architectonics 441

13.3.2 Activation Energy and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction 442

13.3.3 Proton Pump 443

13.4 Photosynthetic Electrochemical Nanoreactors, Nanorectifiers, Nanoswitches and Biologically Closed Electrically Circuits 443

13.5 Phototropic Nanodevices in Green Plants: Sensing the Direction of Light 448

13.6 Membrane Transport and Ion Channels 451

13.7 Molecular Motors 453

13.8 Nanodevices for Electroreception and Electric Organ Discharges 455

13.9 Neurons 456.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

3527313842

9783527313846

OCLC:

69022689

Publisher Number:

9783527313846