Pathology of the head and neck / Antonio Cardesa, Pieter J. Slootweg (eds.).

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cardesa, Antonio.

Slootweg, Pieter Johannes, 1950-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Head--Diseases--Diagnosis.

Head.

Neck--Diseases--Diagnosis.

Neck.

Head--pathology.

Head and Neck Neoplasms--pathology.

Neck--pathology.

Neck--Diseases.

Head--Diseases.

Medical Subjects:

Head--pathology.

Head and Neck Neoplasms--pathology.

Neck--pathology.

Physical Description:

xxii, 316 pages : illustrations (mostly color) ; 28 cm

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Springer, 2006.

Summary:

Head and neck pathology is increasingly becoming an attractive field for the new generation of pathologists, who are fully aware that in the era of specialization the information contained in the treatise of general surgical pathology, although extremely valuable to create the basis of their knowledge, does not provide the specific knowledge required to meet current diagnostic and prognostic requirements. The book Pathology of the Head and Neck presents in a single volume the most pertinent and up-to-date information needed by practicing pathologists. Its contents have been divided into ten chapters. The first covers the spectrum of precursor and neoplastic lesions of the squamous epithelium. It is followed by chapters devoted to the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, maxillofacial skeleton and teeth, salivary glands, nasopharynx and Waldeyer's ring, larynx and hypopharynx, ear and temporal bone, neck and neck dissection, as well as the eyes and ocular adnexa. The authors of the various chapters are internationally recognized experts, all of them members of the Working Group on Head and Neck Pathology of the European Society of Pathology.

Contents:

1 Benign and Potentially Malignant Lesions of the Squamous Epithelium and Squamous Cell Carcinoma / N. Gale, N. Zidar 1

1.1 Squamous Cell Papilloma and Related Lesions 2

1.1.1 Squamous Cell Papilloma, Verruca Vulgaris, Condyloma Acuminatum and Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia 2

1.1.2 Laryngeal Papillomatosis 3

1.2 Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILS) 4

1.2.2 Terminological Problems 4

1.2.3 Aetiology 5

1.2.4 Clinical Features and Macroscopic Appearances 6

1.2.5 Histological Classifications 8

1.2.6 Biomarkers Related to Malignant Potential of SILs Recognised by Auxiliary and Advanced Molecular Methods 12

1.2.7 Treatment and Prognosis 12

1.3 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma 13

1.3.1 Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma 13

1.3.2 Conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma 13

1.3.3 Spindle Cell Carcinoma 16

1.3.4 Verrucous Carcinoma 17

1.3.5 Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma 19

1.3.6 Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma 20

1.3.7 Adenoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma 22

1.3.8 Adenosquamous Carcinoma 23

1.3.9 Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma 24

1.4 Second Primary Tumours 25

1.5 Tumour Spread and Metastasising 25

1.5.1 Invasion of Lymphatic and Blood Vessels 26

1.5.2 Perineural Invasion 26

1.5.3 Regional Lymph Node Metastases 26

1.5.4 Distant Metastasis 27

1.5.5 Micrometastasis 27

1.6 Molecular Pathology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma 28

1.6.1 Detecting Tumour Cells 28

1.6.2 Clonal Analysis 28

1.6.3 Assessment of Risk for Malignant Progression 29

1.6.4 DNA/RNA Profiling in Predicting Metastatic Disease 29

2 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses / A. Cardesa, L. Alos 39

2.1.1 Embryology 40

2.1.2 Anatomy 40

2.1.3 Histology 40

2.2 Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis 40

2.2.1 Viral Infections (Common Cold) 40

2.2.2 Bacterial Infections 40

2.2.3 Allergic Rhinitis 40

2.2.4 Atrophic Rhinitis 41

2.2.5 Hypertrophic Rhinitis 41

2.2.6 Non-Suppurative Chronic Sinusitis 41

2.3 Sinonasal Polyps 41

2.3.1 Allergic Polyposis 41

2.3.2 Polyposis in Mucoviscidosis 41

2.3.3 Polyposis in Immotile Cilia Syndrome and in Kartagener's Syndrome 41

2.3.4 Antrochoanal Polyps 41

2.4 Sinonasal Hamartomatous and Teratoid Lesions 42

2.4.1 Hamartomas 42

2.4.2 Teratoid Lesions 42

2.5 Pseudotumours 43

2.5.1 Mucocele 43

2.5.2 Organising Haematoma 43

2.5.3 Amyloidosis 43

2.5.4 Myospherulosis 43

2.5.5 Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis 43

2.5.6 Heterotopic Brain Tissue 43

2.6 Fungal Diseases 44

2.6.1 Aspergillosis 44

2.6.2 Mucormycosis 44

2.6.3 Rhinosporidiosis 44

2.7 HIV-Related Infections 44

2.8 Mid-Facial Necrotising Granulomatous Lesions 45

2.8.1 Wegener's Granulomatosis 45

2.8.2 Lepromatous Leprosy 45

2.8.3 Tuberculosis 45

2.8.4 Sarcoidosis 45

2.8.5 Rhinoscleroma 45

2.8.6 Leishmaniasis 45

2.8.7 Cocaine Abuse 46

2.8.8 Local Steroid Injections 46

2.9 Benign Epithelial Neoplasms 46

2.9.1 Sinonasal Papillomas 46

2.9.2 Salivary-Type Adenomas 48

2.9.3 Pituitary Adenomas 48

2.10 Benign Sinonasal Soft Tissue Neoplasms 48

2.10.1 Haemangiomas 48

2.10.2 Haemangiopericytoma 48

2.10.3 Solitary Fibrous Tumour 48

2.10.4 Desmoid Fibromatosis 49

2.10.5 Fibrous Histiocytoma 49

2.10.6 Leiomyoma 49

2.10.7 Schwannoma and Neurofibroma 49

2.10.8 Meningioma 50

2.10.9 Paraganglioma 50

2.10.10 Juvenile Angiofibroma 50

2.11 Malignant Sinonasal Tumours 50

2.11.1 Keratinising Squamous Cell Carcinoma 51

2.11.2 Cylindrical Cell Carcinoma 52

2.11.3 Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma 53

2.11.4 Small Cell (Neuroendocrine) Carcinoma 54

2.11.5 Primary Sinonasal Nasopharyngeal-Type Undifferentiated Carcinoma 54

2.11.6 Malignant Melanoma 55

2.11.7 Olfactory Neuroblastoma 57

2.11.8 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour 58

2.11.9 High-Grade Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas 58

2.11.10 Low-Grade Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas 60

2.11.11 Sinonasal Malignant Lymphomas 61

2.11.12 Extramedullary Plasmacytoma 62

2.11.13 Fibrosarcoma 62

2.11.14 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 63

2.11.15 Leiomyosarcoma 63

2.11.16 Rhabdomyosarcoma 63

2.11.17 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour 63

2.11.18 Teratocarcinosarcoma 63

3 Oral Cavity / J.W. Eveson 72

3.1 Embryonic Rests and Heterotopias 72

3.1.1 Fordyce Granules/Spots 72

3.1.2 Juxtaoral Organ of Chievitz 72

3.2 Vesiculo-Bullous Diseases 72

3.2.1 Herpes Simplex Infections 72

3.2.2 Chickenpox and Herpes Zoster 73

3.2.3 Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease 73

3.2.4 Herpangina 74

3.2.5 Pemphigus Vulgaris 74

3.2.6 Pemphigus Vegetans 74

3.2.7 Paraneoplastic Pemphigus 75

3.2.8 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid 75

3.2.9 Dermatitis Herpetiformis 76

3.2.10 Linear IgA Disease 76

3.2.11 Erythema Multiforme 77

3.3 Ulcerative Lesions 77

3.3.1 Aphthous Stomatitis (Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration) 77

3.3.2 Behcet Disease 78

3.3.3 Reiter Disease 78

3.3.4 Median Rhomboid Glossitis 78

3.3.5 Eosinophilic Ulcer (Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia) 79

3.3.6 Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis 79

3.3.7 Wegener's Granulomatosis 80

3.3.8 Tuberculosis 81

3.4 White Lesions 81

3.4.1 Candidosis 81

3.4.2 Lichen Planus 82

3.4.3 Lupus Erythematosus 83

3.4.4 Oral Epithelial Naevi 84

3.4.5 Smoker's Keratosis 84

3.4.6 Stomatitis Nicotina 84

3.4.7 Hairy Tongue 85

3.4.8 Hairy Leukoplakia 85

3.4.9 Geographic Tongue 85

3.4.10 Frictional Keratosis 86

3.5 Pigmentations 86

3.5.1 Amalgam Tattoo 86

3.5.2 Localised Melanotic Pigmentation 86

3.5.3 Premalignant Oral Melanoses and Oral Melanoma 87

3.5.4 Addison Disease 88

3.5.5 Peutz Jeghers Syndrome 89

3.5.6 Racial Pigmentation 89

3.5.7 Laugier Hunziker Syndrome 89

3.5.8 Smoker's Melanosis 89

3.5.9 Drug-Associated Oral Pigmentation 90

3.6 Hyperplastic Lesions 90

3.6.1 Fibrous Hyperplasias 90

3.6.2 Papillary Hyperplasia 90

3.6.3 Generalised Gingival Fibrous Hyperplasia 91

3.6.4 Crohn's Disease 91

3.6.5 Orofacial Granulomatosis 92

3.6.6 Chronic Marginal Gingivitis and Localised Gingival Fibrous Hyperplasia 92

3.6.7 Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Epulis) 93

3.6.8 Pyogenic Granuloma 93

3.6.9 Pulse (Vegetable) Granuloma 93

3.7 Benign Tumours and Pseudotumours 94

3.7.1 Giant Cell Fibroma 94

3.7.2 Lingual Thyroid 94

3.7.3 Verruciform Xanthoma 95

3.7.4 Haemangiomas 95

3.7.5 Lymphangioma 95

3.7.6 Benign Nerve Sheath Tumours 95

3.7.7 Granular Cell Tumour (Granular Cell Myoblastoma) 96

3.8 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 96

3.8.2 Clinical Features 97

3.8.3 Staging 98

4 Maxillofacial Skeleton and Teeth / P.J. Slootweg 104

4.1.1 Embryology 104

4.1.2 Tooth Development 104

4.2 Inflammatory Diseases of the Maxillofacial Bones 104

4.3 Cysts of the Jaws 105

4.3.1 Odontogenic Cysts - Inflammatory w 105

4.3.2 Odontogenic Cysts - Developmental 106

4.3.3 Non-Odontogenic Cysts 109

4.3.4 Pseudocysts 109

4.4 Odontogenic Tumours 109

4.4.1 Odontogenic Tumours - Epithelial 110

4.4.2 Odontogenic Tumours - Mesenchymal 114

4.4.3 Odontogenic Tumours - Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal 117

4.4.4 Odontogenic Tumours - Malignant 119

4.5 Fibro-Osseous Lesions 121

4.5.1 Fibrous Dysplasia 121

4.5.2 Ossifying Fibroma 121

4.5.3 Osseous Dysplasia 123

4.6 Giant Cell Lesions 124

4.6.1 Central Giant Cell Granuloma 124

4.6.2 Cherubism 124

4.7 Neoplastic Lesions of the Maxillofacial Bones, Non-Odontogenic 125

4.7.1 Osteoma 125

4.7.2 Chordoma 125

4.7.3 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy 126

5 Major and Minor Salivary Glands / S. Di Palma, R.H.W. Simpson, A. Skalova, I.

Leivo 132

5.1.1 Normal Salivary Glands 132

5.1.2 Developmental Disorders 132

5.2 Obstructive Disorders 132

5.2.1 Mucus Escape Reaction 132

5.2.2 Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis of the Submandibular Gland (Kuttner Tumour) 133

5.3 Infections 133

5.3.1 Bacteria, Fungi 133

5.3.2 Viruses 133

5.4 Miscellaneous Inflammatory Disorders 133

5.5 Miscellaneous Non-Inflammatory Disorders 133

5.5.1 Necrotising Sialometaplasia (Salivary Gland Infarction) 133

5.5.2 Sialadenosis 133

5.5.3 Adenomatoid Hyperplasia of Mucous Salivary Glands 134

5.5.4 Irradiation Changes 134

5.5.5 Tissue Changes Following Fine Needle Aspiration 134

5.6 Oncocytic Lesions 134

5.6.1 Focal and Diffuse Oncocytosis 134

5.6.2 Ductal Oncocytosis 134

5.6.3 Multifocal Nodular Oncocytic Hyperplasia 135

5.7 Cysts 135

5.7.1 Salivary Polycystic Dysgenetic Disease 135

5.7.2 Mucoceles 135

5.7.3 Simple Salivary Duct Cysts 135

5.7.4 Lymphoepithelial Cystic Lesions 135

5.7.5 Sclerosing Polycystic Sialadenopathy (Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis) 136

5.7.6 Other Cysts 137

5.8 Benign Tumours 137

5.8.1 Pleomorphic Adenoma 137

5.8.2 Benign Myoepithelioma 140

5.8.3 Basal Cell Adenoma 141

5.8.4 Warthin's Tumour 142

5.8.5 Oncocytoma 143

5.8.6 Canalicular Adenoma 143

5.8.7 Sebaceous Adenoma 144

5.8.8 Sebaceous Lymphadenoma 144

5.8.9 Ductal Papilloma 144

5.8.10 Cystadenoma 144

5.9 Malignant Epithelial Tumours 144

5.9.1 Acinic Cell Carcinoma 144

5.9.2 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma 146

5.9.3 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 147

5.9.4 Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma 148

5.9.5 Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma 150

5.9.6 Hyalinising Clear Cell Carcinoma 151

5.9.7 Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma 151

5.9.8 Myoepithelial Carcinoma (Malignant Myoepithelioma) 152

5.9.9 Salivary Duct Carcinoma 154

5.9.10 Oncocytic Carcinoma 155

5.9.11 Malignancy in Pleomorphic Adenoma Malignant Mixed Tumour 156

5.9.12 Sebaceous Carcinoma 158

5.9.13 Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma 158

5.9.14 Small Cell Carcinoma 158

5.9.15 Higher Grade Change in Carcinomas 159

5.9.16 Metastatic Malignancies 159

5.10 Hybrid Carcinoma 160

5.11 Endodermal Sinus Tumour 160

5.12 Sialoblastoma 160

5.13 Alterations in Gene Expression and Molecular Derangements in Salivary Gland Carcinoma 160

5.13.1 Predominantly Myoepithelial Malignancies 161

5.13.2 Predominantly Epithelial Malignancies 161

5.14 Benign and Malignant Lymphoid Infiltrates 162

5.14.1 Non-Autoimmune Lymphoid Infiltrates 162

5.14.2 Benign Autoimmune Lymphoid Infiltrates 162

5.14.3 Malignant Lymphoma 163

5.15 Other Tumours 163

5.16 Unclassified Tumours 163

6 Nasopharynx and Waldeyer's Ring / S. Regauer 171

6.1 Embryological Development of the Nasopharynx and Waldeyer's Ring 172

6.2 Nasopharynx 173

6.2.1 Anatomy and Histology 173

6.2.2 Congenital Developmental Anomalies 173

6.2.3 Congenital Tumours 174

6.2.4 Benign Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions 175

6.2.5 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 180

6.2.6 Nasopharyngeal Adenocarcinoma 182

6.2.7 Malignant Non-Epithelial Tumours of the Nasopharynx 183

6.3 Waldeyer's Ring 183

6.3.1 Anatomy and Histology of Waldeyer's Ring 183

6.3.2 Congenital Anomalies of Waldeyer's Ring 184

6.3.3 Tonsillitis 184

6.3.4 Benign Tumours of Waldeyer's Ring 187

6.3.5 Carcinomas of Waldeyer's Ring 187

6.3.6 Malignant Lymphomas of Waldeyer's Ring 189

6.3.7 Systemic Disease Affecting Waldeyer's Ring 190

7 Larynx and Hypopharynx / N. Gale, A. Cardesa, N. Zidar 196

7.1 Summary of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 198

7.2 Laryngocele, Cysts, Heterotopia 199

7.2.2 Laryngocele 199

7.2.3 Sacccular Cyst 199

7.2.4 Ductal Cyst 199

7.2.5 Oncocytic Cyst 200

7.2.6 Zenker's Hypopharyngeal Diverticle 201

7.2.7 Aberrant Thyroid Tissue 201

7.2.8 Tracheopathia Osteochondroplastica 202

7.3 Inflammatory Lesions 202

7.3.1 Acute Infections 202

7.3.2 Chronic Infections 202

7.3.3 Non-Infectious Inflammatory Lesions 203

7.4 Degenerative Lesions 207

7.4.1 Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy 207

7.5 Pseudotumours 207

7.5.1 Exudative Lesions of Reinke's Space 207

7.5.2 Contact Ulcer and Granuloma, Intubation Granuloma 210

7.5.3 Necrotising Sialometaplasia 211

7.5.4 Metaplastic Elastic Cartilaginous Nodules 211

7.5.5 Amyloidosis 211

7.5.6 Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy and Other Rare Pseudotumours 212

7.5.7 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour 213

7.6 Benign Neoplasms 214

7.6.1 Squamous Cell Papilloma 214

7.6.2 Salivary Gland-Type Tumours 214

7.6.3 Haemangioma (Neonatal and Adult Types) 214

7.6.4 Paraganglioma 215

7.6.5 Granular Cell Tumour 216

7.6.6 Chondroma 217

7.7 Malignant Neoplasms 217

7.7.1 Potentially Malignant (Precancerous) Lesions 217

7.7.2 Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma 218

7.7.3 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma 220

7.7.4 Adenocarcinoma 222

7.7.5 Sarcomas 223

7.7.6 Other Malignant Neoplasms 224

8 Ear and Temporal Bone / L. Michaels 234

8.1 Summary of Embryology, Anatomy and Histology 236

8.1.1 Embryology 236

8.1.2 Anatomy 236

8.1.3 Histology 237

8.2 External Ear and Auditory Canal 237

8.2.1 Inflammatory and Metabolic Lesions 237

8.2.2 Pseudocystic and Cystic Lesions 238

8.2.3 Tumour-Like Lesions 239

8.2.4 Benign Neoplasms 240

8.2.5 Malignant Neoplasms 242

8.3 Middle Ear and Mastoid 244

8.3.1 Inflammatory Lesions 244

8.3.2 Neoplasms and Lesions Resembling Neoplasms 247

8.4 Inner Ear 252

8.4.1 Bony Labyrinth 252

8.4.2 Membranous Labyrinth and Cranial Nerves 254

9 Cysts and Unknown Primary and Secondary Tumours of the Neck, and Neck Dissection / M. A Luna, K. Pineda-Daboin 262

9.2 Anatomy 264

9.2.1 Triangles of the Neck 264

9.2.2 Lymph Node Regions of the Neck 264

9.3 Cysts of the Neck 264

9.3.1 Developmental Cysts 265

9.3.2 Branchiogenic Carcinoma 267

9.3.3 Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Ectopic Thyroid 268

9.3.4 Cervical Thymic Cyst 269

9.3.5 Cervical Parathyroid Cyst 270

9.3.6 Cervical Bronchogenic Cyst 270

9.3.7 Dermoid Cyst 271

9.3.8 Unclassified Cervical Cyst 271

9.3.9 Non-Developmental Cysts 271

9.4 Cystic Neoplasms 272

9.4.1 Cystic Hygroma and Lymphangioma 272

9.4.2 Haemangioma 272

9.4.3 Teratoma 272

9.4.4 Cervical Salivary Gland Cystic Neoplasms 273

9.4.5 Miscellaneous Lesions 273

9.5 Paraganglioma 273

9.6 Unknown Primary and Secondary Tumours 274

9.6.2 Clinical Features 275

9.6.3 Search for the Primary Tumour 275

9.6.4 Common Location of the Primary Tumour 276

9.6.5 Histologic Type of Metastases and Immunohistochemical Features 276

9.6.6 Differential Diagnosis 276

9.6.7 Treatment and Results 278

9.7 Neck Dissection 278

9.7.1 Classification of Neck Dissections 278

9.7.2 Gross Examination of Neck Dissection Surgical Specimens 279

9.7.3 Histologic Evaluation of Neck Dissection 279

10 Eye and Ocular Adnexa / M.R.

Canninga-Van Dijk 282

10.1 Summary of Anatomy and Histology 284

10.1.1 Conjunctiva 284

10.1.2 Cornea 284

10.1.3 Intraocular Tissues 284

10.1.4 Optic Nerve 284

10.1.5 Lacrimal Glands and Lacrimal Passages 284

10.1.6 Eyelids 284

10.1.7 Orbit 285

10.2 Conjunctiva 285

10.2.1 Developmental Anomalies 285

10.2.2 Cysts 285

10.2.3 Degeneration 286

10.2.4 Inflammatory Processes 286

10.2.5 Dermatologic and Systemic Diseases 288

10.2.6 Tumours and Tumour-Like Conditions 288

10.3 Cornea 292

10.3.1 Keratitis and Corneal Ulcers 292

10.3.2 Keratoconus 292

10.3.3 Hereditary Corneal Dystrophies 293

10.3.4 Failed Previous Grafts 294

10.4 Intraocular Tissues 294

10.4.1 Developmental Anomalies 294

10.4.2 Inflammatory Processes 295

10.4.3 Trauma 296

10.4.4 Degeneration 296

10.4.5 Tumours and Tumour-Like Conditions 298

10.5 Optic Nerve 302

10.5.1 Papilloedema 302

10.5.2 Optic Neuritis 302

10.5.3 Optic Atrophy 302

10.5.4 Tumours 302

10.6 Lacrimal Gland and Lacrimal Passages 302

10.6.1 Inflammatory Processes 302

10.6.2 Tumours and Tumour-Like Conditions 303

10.7 Eyelids 303

10.7.1 Cysts 303

10.7.2 Inflammatory Processes 303

10.7.3 Amyloidosis 305

10.7.4 Tumours and Tumour-Like Conditions 305

10.8 Orbit 305

10.8.1 Inflammatory Processes 305

10.8.2 Tumours and Tumour-Like Conditions 306.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

3540306285

OCLC:

70132443

Publisher Number:

9783540306283 (alk. paper)