Delivering on Doha : farm trade and the poor / Kimberly Ann Elliott.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Elliott, Kimberly Ann, 1960-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Produce trade--Government policy.

Produce trade.

Commercial policy.

Poverty--Developing countries.

Poverty.

Developing countries.

Physical Description:

xiii, 148 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, DC : Center for Global Development : Institute for International Economics, [2006]

Contents:

Why Is Agricultural Liberalization at the Center of the Doha Round? 3

Why Is a Doha Agreement on Agricultural Liberalization Not Enough? 9

2 The Problem: Rich Countries Supporting Rich Farmers 13

Mechanisms for Supporting Farmers 13

The WTO Framework for Negotiating on Agriculture 17

Patterns of Support Across Countries 20

Patterns of Support Across Commodities 28

Implications for the Doha Round 31

Appendix 2A Producer Support Estimate for US Cotton 32

3 Prospects for Reform: Lessons from US and European Experience 35

The Evolution of US and European Agricultural Policy 36

Decoupled EU, US Subsidies: Implications for the Doha Round 47

Reform Obstacles and Opportunities in 2006 52

4 Opportunities and Challenges for Developing Countries 63

Agricultural Trade and Developing Economies 64

The Opportunities: What Do Developing Countries Export? 67

What Are the Challenges? 75

Domestic Obstacles to Grasping Trade Opportunities 83

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards: Both a Challenge and an Opportunity 87

5 The Devil in the Doha Details 91

Export Subsidies and the Role of Food Aid 92

Domestic Support 95

Market Access 108

6 Delivering on Doha's Promise 115

Special and Differential Treatment 117

Aid-for-Trade and Supply Constraints 122

Recommendations for a Doha Package Deal 126

Table 1.1 Average applied tariffs, 2001 5

Table 1.2 Estimated gains from global free trade 7

Table 1.3 World Bank estimates of gains from Doha liberalization scenarios 8

Table 2.1 OECD estimates of support to agricultural producers, average 2002-04 23

Table 2.2 Average agricultural tariffs in selected rich countries 26

Table 2.3 Tariff escalation on selected products 27

Table 2.4 Producer support estimates by country and commodity, average 2002-04 29

Table 2.5 Average applied tariffs, tariff peaks, and tariff-rate quotas, 2001 30

Table 2A.1 Government assistance to US cotton producers, 1995-2003 33

Table 2A.2 Percentage PSE and NAC calculation, 1995-2003 34

Table 3.1 US and EU agricultural subsidies 50

Table 3.2 Concentration of US farm subsidy payments, 1995-2003 55

Table 4.1 Agricultural indicators for developing countries 64

Table 4.2 Distribution of developing-country exports 65

Table 4.3 Developing countries most dependent on agricultural exports 66

Table 4.4 Agricultural trade positions in developing countries 67

Table 4.5 Most important commodities among developing-country agricultural exports 72

Table 4.6 Sources of daily calories in developing countries 77

Table 4.7 Price effects of complete global trade liberalization, selected countries and commodities 78

Table 4.8 Indicators of trade preferences for agricultural products 81

Table 4.9 Possible winners and likely losers from US and EU sugar policy reform 84

Table 4.10 Indicators of infrastructure quality and trade costs 85

Table 4.11 Firm perceptions of major or severe obstacle to doing business 86

Table 5.1 Potential impact of Doha domestic subsidy proposals on EU agricultural support 99

Table 5.2 Potential impact of Doha domestic subsidy proposals on US agricultural support 100

Table 5.3 US countercyclical payments 106

Table 5.4 Key tariff-cutting proposals, March 2006 110

Table 6.1 Possible indicators for differentiating special and differential treatment under an agricultural agreement 121

Table 6.2 Categories of aid for trade 125

Figure 2.1 Uruguay Round agreement for reducing domestic support 18

Figure 2.2 Producer support estimate as percent of gross farm receipts, 1986-2004 22

Figure 2.3 Most trade-distorting support as share of total producer support, 1986-2004 24

Figure 2.4 Subsidies and prices, 1986-2004 25

Figure 3.1 EC-10 agricultural trade (excluding intra-EC trade), 1970-2003 39

Figure 3.2 Evolution of the European Common Agricultural Policy, 1960-2005 41

Figure 3.3 US agricultural trade, 1970-2003 44

Figure 3.4 Evolution of US agricultural policies, 1960-2005 48

Figure 3.5 Partially or mostly decoupled subsidies as a share of producer support, 1986-2001 49

Figure 3.6 Share of population dependent on agriculture, 1960-2003 54

Figure 4.1 Shares of middle-income country agricultural exports, 1970-2002 70

Figure 4.2 Shares of low-income country agricultural exports, 1970-2002 71

Figure 5.1 Japanese farm support as measured by OECD and WTO 97

Figure 5.2 US aggregate measurement of support with and without market price support 101

Figure 5.3 USDA payments for selected commodities 105

Box 3.1 Policy reform options 37

Box 3.2 The political economy of US sugar policy 57

Box 4.1 Sugar preferences in the United States and the European Union 73

Box 5.1 Potential implications of the Doha Round for the 2007 US farm bill 102.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-141) and index.

ISBN:

0881323926

OCLC:

69332138

Publisher Number:

9780881323924