Electrical properties of polymers / Tony Blythe, David Bloor.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Blythe, A. R.

Contributor:

Bloor, D. (David), 1937-

Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Polymers--Electric properties.

Polymers.

Electric Conductivity.

Medical Subjects:

Polymers.

Electric Conductivity.

Physical Description:

xi, 480 pages, 2 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm

Edition:

Second edition, New edition, fully revised and expanded.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, [2005]

Summary:

Fully revised and expanded, this new edition of Tony Blythe's successful title on electrical properties of polymers covers both the fundamental and recent developments in this growing area. The book provides a broad and comprehensive account of the topic, describing underlying physical principles and synthesis through to emerging technologies. The second edition places particular emphasis on the new generation of conductive polymers, describing emerging uses of polymers in industrial applications and covering topics such as light-emitting diodes and soft electronics.

Written in an accessible style, without complicated theory, this book combines key concepts with applications. With the inclusion of further reading material at the end of each chapter for interested readers, this book is an authoritative guide to advanced-level undergraduates and graduates studying polymer, materials and physical sciences. It will also be of significant interest to researchers working in this evolving field.

Contents:

1.2 Structure of polymers 2

1.2.1 Chemical structure - saturated polymers 2

1.2.2 Chemical structure - unsaturated polymers 5

1.2.3 Preparation of polymers 7

1.2.4 Chemical and physical variants 13

1.2.5 Conformation and hindered rotation 17

1.2.6 Copolymers 19

1.2.7 Crystallisation and orientation 19

1.3 Polymers as non-conductive materials 22

1.4 Polymers as conductive materials 23

1.5 Electrical applications of polymers 24

2 Dielectrics in static fields 27

2.1 Electrostatic relations 27

2.2 Molecular polarisability 31

2.3 The local field 34

2.4 The Clausius-Mosotti relation 37

2.5 Polar molecules 39

2.6 Relative permittivity of polymers 48

2.6.1 Non-polar polymers 48

2.6.2 Polar polymers 49

2.6.3 Mean-square moment 50

2.7 Low relative permittivity polymers 52

3 Dielectric relaxation 58

3.1 General theory 58

3.1.1 Complex relative permittivity and dielectric loss 58

3.1.2 The dielectric relaxation process 60

3.1.3 Departures from the Debye model 64

3.2 Thermal activation of dipolar relaxation 66

3.3 Cooperative dipolar relaxation in polymers 69

3.4 Dielectric relaxation in solid polymers 72

3.5 Polymer liquids 79

3.5.1 Dilute solutions 79

3.5.2 Concentrated solutions and melts 84

3.6 Interfacial polarisation 85

3.6.1 Maxwell-Wagner effects 85

3.6.2 Electrode polarisation 87

3.7 Electronic effects 88

3.7.1 Non-linear effects 94

3.7.2 Molecular non-linearity 97

4 Electronic conduction in polymers 111

4.2 Theories of electronic conduction 115

4.2.1 Band theory of conduction 115

4.2.2 Properties of semiconductors 125

4.2.3 Hopping conduction 132

4.2.4 The metal-insulator transition 136

4.2.5 Band theory applied to polymers 140

4.2.6 Superconduction 149

5 Measurement of electrical properties 154

5.2 Bridge methods 161

5.3 Resonance methods 164

5.4 Frequency response analyser methods 166

5.5 Wave-transmission methods 169

5.6 Time-domain methods 173

5.7 Measurement of resistivity 177

6 Dielectric breakdown 186

6.2 Electronic breakdown 187

6.3 Electromechanical breakdown 192

6.4 Thermal breakdown 194

6.5 Breakdown caused by gas discharges 195

6.5.1 Internal discharges and electric treeing 196

6.5.2 External discharges and surface tracking 199

6.6 Long term endurance under electrical stress 201

6.6.1 Endurance experiments 202

6.6.2 Electrokinetic modelling of dielectric endurance 203

6.6.3 Alternating fields 208

6.6.4 Water treeing 209

6.6.5 Effect of space charges 210

6.7 Examples of high-voltage design 211

6.7.1 Power cables 211

6.7.2 Thin-film capacitors 212

6.9 Appendix-Breakdown statistics 214

7 Static charges 217

7.2 Measurement of static charges 220

7.2.1 Measurement of surface charges 221

7.2.2 Measurement of space charges 227

7.3 Contact charging of polymers 232

7.3.1 Charge transfer by electrons 232

7.3.2 Charge transfer by ions 242

7.4 Electrets 245

8 Ionic conduction and particulate and molecular composites 250

8.2 Ionic conduction 251

8.2.1 Ionic impurities 251

8.2.2 Antistatic agents 257

8.2.3 Polyelectrolytes and protonic conductors 258

8.2.4 Solid polymer electrolytes 261

8.3 Particulate composites 266

8.3.1 Conductive powder composites 270

8.3.2 Conductive fibre composites 284

8.4 Molecular composites 287

8.4.1 Carrier mobility 290

8.4.2 Photoconductivity 299

8.4.3 Space charge effects 302

9 Intrinsically conductive polymers 306

9.2 Conugated polymers 307

9.2.1 Preparative methods 311

9.3 Theories of electronic properties 322

9.3.1 Doping of conjugated polymers 327

9.3.2 Disordered conjugated polymers 333

9.4 Physical and chemical properties 340

9.4.1 Morphology 341

9.4.2 Intrinsic optical properties 344

9.4.3 Intrinsic electronic properties 359

9.4.4 Doped and metallic polymers 379

10 Applications of electro-active and conductive polymers 395

10.2 Electro-active polymers 395

10.2.1 Xerography 395

10.2.2 Organic light emitting diodes and solar cells 401

10.2.3 Non-linear optics 404

10.3 Intrinsically conductive polymers 412

10.3.1 Soft electronics 414

10.3.2 Light emitting diodes 421

10.3.3 Photovoltaic devices 432

10.3.4 Sensors 438

10.3.5 Electrochemical applications 441

10.3.6 Conductive coatings and composites 447

10.3.7 Other applications 451.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 458-474) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Hazel M. Hussong Fund.

ISBN:

0521552192

OCLC:

58555788

Publisher Number:

9780521552196

Online:

Publisher description