Categorical data analysis using the SAS system / Maura E. Stokes, Charles S. Davis, Gary G. Koch.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Stokes, Maura Ellen.

Contributor:

Davis, Charles S. (Charles Shaw), 1952-

Koch, Gary G. (Gary Grove)

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

SAS (Computer file).

Mathematical statistics--Data processing.

Mathematical statistics.

Statistics as Topic--methods.

Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted.

Medical Subjects:

Statistics as Topic--methods.

Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted.

Physical Description:

viii, 626 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Cary, NC : SAS Institute ; [Hoboken, N.J.] : Wiley, 2003.

Summary:

Statisticians and researchers will find this book a useful discussion of categorical data analysis techniques as well as an invaluable aid in applying these methods with the SAS System. Practical examples from a broad range of applications illustrate the use of the FREQ, LOGISTIC, GENMOD, and CATMOD procedures in a variety of analyses. Other procedures discussed include the PHREG and NPAR1WAY procedures.

Contents:

1.2 Scale of Measurement 3

1.3 Sampling Frameworks 6

1.4 Overview of Analysis Strategies 7

1.5 Working with Tables in the SAS System 10

Chapter 2. The 2 x 2 Table 17

2.2 Chi-Square Statistics 20

2.3 Exact Tests 23

2.4 Difference in Proportions 29

2.5 Odds Ratio and Relative Risk 32

2.6 Sensitivity and Specificity 39

2.7 McNemar's Test 40

Chapter 3. Sets of 2 x 2 Tables 43

3.2 Mantel-Haenszel Test 45

3.3 Measures of Association 57

Chapter 4. Sets of 2 x r and s x 2 Tables 65

4.2 Sets of 2 x r Tables 67

4.3 Sets of s x 2 Tables 78

4.4 Relationships Between Sets of Tables 86

Chapter 5. The s x r Table 89

5.2 Association 91

5.3 Exact Tests for Association 100

5.4 Measures of Association 105

5.5 Observer Agreement 111

5.6 Test for Ordered Differences 116

Chapter 6. Sets of s x r Tables 121

6.2 General Mantel-Haenszel Methodology 124

6.3 Mantel-Haenszel Applications 127

6.4 Advanced Topic: Application to Repeated Measures 137

Chapter 7. Nonparametric Methods 159

7.2 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test 161

7.3 Kruskal-Wallis Test 165

7.4 Friedman's Chi-Square Test 168

7.5 Aligned Ranks Test for Randomized Complete Blocks 170

7.6 Durbin's Test for Balanced Incomplete Blocks 171

7.7 Rank Analysis of Covariance 174

Chapter 8. Logistic Regression I: Dichotomous Response 181

8.2 Dichotomous Explanatory Variables 184

8.3 Using the CLASS Statement 195

8.4 Qualitative Explanatory Variables 203

8.5 Continuous and Ordinal Explanatory Variables 211

8.6 A Note on Diagnostics 217

8.7 Maximum Likelihood Estimation Problems and Alternatives 222

8.8 Exact Methods in Logistic Regression 225

8.9 Using the CATMOD and GENMOD Procedures for Logistic Regression 232

Appendix A Statistical Methodology for Dichotomous Logistic Regression 239

Chapter 9. Logistic Regression II: Polytomous Response 241

9.2 Ordinal Response: Proportional Odds Model 243

9.3 Nominal Response: Generalized Logits Model 257

Chapter 10. Conditional Logistic Regression 271

10.2 Paired Observations from a Highly Stratified Cohort Study 273

10.3 Clinical Trials Study Analysis 276

10.4 Crossover Design Studies 283

10.5 General Conditional Logistic Regression 295

10.6 Paired Observations in a Retrospective Matched Study 300

10.7 1:m Conditional Logistic Regression 309

10.8 Exact Conditional Logistic Regression in the Stratified Setting 314

Appendix A Theory for the Case-Control Retrospective Setting 318

Appendix B Theory for Exact Conditional Inference 320

Appendix C ODS Macro 321

Chapter 11. Quantal Bioassay Analysis 323

11.2 Estimating Tolerance Distributions 325

11.3 Comparing Two Drugs 330

11.4 Analysis of Pain Study 339

Chapter 12. Poisson Regression 347

12.2 Methodology for Poisson Regression 349

12.3 Simple Poisson Counts Example 351

12.4 Poisson Regression for Incidence Densities 353

12.5 Overdispersion in Lower Respiratory Infection Example 356

Chapter 13. Weighted Least Squares 363

13.2 Weighted Least Squares Methodology 365

13.3 Using PROC CATMOD for Weighted Least Squares Analysis 371

13.4 Analysis of Means: Performing Contrast Tests 377

13.5 Analysis of Proportions: Occupational Data 386

13.6 Obstetrical Pain Data: Advanced Modeling of Means 395

13.7 Analysis of Survey Sample Data 409

13.8 Modeling Rank Measures of Association Statistics 418

Appendix A Statistical Methodology for Weighted Least Squares 422

Chapter 14. Modeling Repeated Measurements Data with WLS 427

14.2 Weighted Least Squares 430

14.3 Advanced Topic: Further Weighted Least Squares Applications 453

Chapter 15. Generalized Estimating Equations 469

15.2 Methodology 471

15.3 Summary of the GEE Methodology 478

15.4 Passive Smoking Example 480

15.5 Crossover Example 487

15.6 Respiratory Data 494

15.7 Using a Modified Wald Statistic to Assess Model Effects 503

15.8 Diagnostic Data 505

15.9 Using GEE for Count Data 510

15.10 Fitting the Proportional Odds Model 514

15.11 GEE Analyses for Data with Missing Values 518

15.12 Alternating Logistic Regression 527

15.13 Using GEE to Fit a Partial Proportional Odds Model: Univariate Outcome 533

15.14 Using GEE to Account for Overdispersion: Univariate Outcome 541

Appendix A Steps to Find the GEE Solution 547

Appendix B Macro for Adjusted Wald Statistic 548

Chapter 16. Loglinear Models 551

16.2 Two-Way Contingency Tables 554

16.3 Three-Way Contingency Tables 564

16.4 Higher-Order Contingency Tables 574

16.5 Correspondence Between Logistic Models and Loglinear Models 585

Appendix A Equivalence of the Loglinear and Poisson Regression Models 588

Chapter 17. Categorized Time-to-Event Data 591

17.2 Life Table Estimation of Survival Rates 593

17.3 Mantel-Cox Test 596

17.4 Piecewise Exponential Models 599.

Notes:

"Jointly co-published by SAS Institute and Wiley 2003"--T.p. verso.

Includes bibliographical references (pages [607]-618) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

0471224243

OCLC:

57967005