Carranza's clinical periodontology / [edited by] Michael G. Newman, Henry H. Takei, Perry R. Klokkevold; editor emeritus Fermin A. Carranza.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Newman, Michael G.

Takei, Henry H., 1938-

Klokkevold, Perry R.

Carranza, Fermin A.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Periodontics.

Periodontal Diseases.

Oral Surgical Procedures.

Periodontal Prosthesis.

Medical Subjects:

Periodontal Diseases.

Oral Surgical Procedures.

Periodontal Prosthesis.

Physical Description:

xxxvi, 1286 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 29 cm

Edition:

Tenth edition.

Other Title:

Clinical periodontology

Place of Publication:

Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co., [2006]

Summary:

Unsurpassed in its authority and scope, with contributions from the leading experts in periodontology, the tenth edition of the most widely used periodontics text has been revised to include the most up-to-date information on new technology and emerging concepts.

Published for the first time in full color, Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, Tenth Edition, describes the clinical aspects of modern periodontology balanced by detailed presentations of the fundamental basis of anatomy, physiology, etiology, and pathology.

With its in-depth discussions on the interrelationships between periodontal and restorative dental therapies, you'll discover why this text is considered the most respected and comprehensive in the field.

Contents:

Introduction: The Historical Background of Periodontology 1

Early Civilizations 1

The Classical World 2

The Middle Ages 2

The Renaissance 2

Eighteenth Century 3

Nineteenth Century 4

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis 5

Twentieth Century 6

Vienna 6

Berlin 6

United States and Other Countries 7

Focal Infection 7

Dental Implants 8

After World War II 8

Part 1 Evidence-Based Decision Making 11

Chapter 1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Decision Making 12

Background and Definition 12

Principles of Evidence-Based Decision Making 13

Need for Evidence-Based Decision Making 13

Evidence-Based Decision-Making Process and Skills 14

Chapter 2 Assessing Evidence 22

Twelve Tools for Assessing Evidence 22

Chapter 3 Implementing Evidence-Based Decisions in Clinical Practice 36

Variation in Clinical Decisions 36

Managing Uncertainty 36

Incorporating Evidence into Practice 37

Linking Outcomes with Diagnosis and Treatment 38

Implementing Evidence-Based Decisions 40

Change Management 42

Part 2 The Normal Periodontium 45

Chapter 4 The Gingiva 46

Clinical Features 46

Microscopic Features 48

Correlation of Clinical and Microscopic Features 61

Chapter 5 The Tooth-Supporting Structures 68

Periodontal Ligament 68

Cementum 75

Alveolar Process 79

Development of the Attachment Apparatus 85

External Forces and the Periodontium 86

Vascularization of the Supporting Structures 88

Chapter 6 Aging and the Periodontium 93

Effects of Aging on the Periodontium 93

Effects of Aging on Progression of Periodontal Disease 96

Aging and Response to Treatment of the Periodontium 97

Part 3 Classification and Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases 99

Chapter 7 Classification of Diseases and Conditions Affecting the Periodontium 100

Gingival Diseases 100

Periodontitis 103

Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases 106

Abscesses of the Periodontium 107

Periodontitis Associated with Endodontic Lesions 107

Developmental or Acquired Deformities and Conditions 107

Chapter 8 Epidemiology of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases 110

What Is Epidemiology? 111

Diagnosis 112

Risk versus Prognosis 114

Gingival Disease 115

Chronic Periodontitis 120

Aggressive Periodontitis 127

Part 4 Etiology of Periodontal Diseases 133

Chapter 9 Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases 134

Diversity of Intraoral Surfaces for Bacterial Adhesion 135

Structure and Composition of Dental Plaque 137

Plaque as a Biofilm 138

Plaque Formation at the Ultrastructural Level 140

Growth Dynamics of Dental Plaque 144

Physiologic Properties of Dental Plaque 149

Special Bacterial Behavior in Biofilms 150

Principle of Bacterial Transmission, Translocation, or Cross-Infection 151

Association of Plaque Microorganisms with Periodontal Diseases 152

Microbial Specificity of Periodontal Diseases 153

Microorganisms Associated with Specific Periodontal Diseases 155

Key Characteristics of Specific Periopathogens 160

Future Advances in Periodontal Microbiology 163

Chapter 10 The Role of Dental Calculus and Other Predisposing Factors 170

Calculus 170

Other Predisposing Factors 176

Chapter 11 Genetic Factors Associated with Periodontal Disease 193

Genetic Study Designs 193

Aggressive Periodontal Diseases 196

Chronic Periodontitis 203

Clinical Implications of Genetic Studies 205

Future of Genetic Studies in Periodontology 206

Chapter 12 Immunity and Inflammation: Basic Concepts 209

Cells of Immunity and Inflammation 211

Complement 214

Transendothelial Migration 216

Leukocyte Functions 218

Specific Immune Responses 221

T-Cell Responses 222

B-Cell Responses and Antibodies 224

Chapter 13 Microbial Interactions with the Host in Periodontal Diseases 228

Microbiologic Aspects of the Microbial-Host Interaction 228

Immunologic Aspects of the Microbial-Host Interaction 233

Microbiology and Immunology in Gingival Health 240

Microbiology and Immunology in Periodontal Diseases 241

Chapter 14 Smoking and Periodontal Disease 251

Effects of Smoking on Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Disease 251

Effects of Smoking on Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease 253

Effects of Smoking on Response to Periodontal Therapy 255

Chapter 15 Molecular Biology of the Host-Microbe Interaction in Periodontal Diseases: Selected Topics: Molecular Signaling Aspects of Pathogen-Mediated Bone Destruction in Periodontal Diseases 259

Innate-Immune Response and Toll-Like Receptors 259

Toll-Like Receptor Expression and Microbial Recognition in Periodontal Tissues 260

Role of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Periodontal Disease 262

Pathobiology of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Bone Destruction 265

Similarities of Periodontal Diseases to Other Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis 265

Pathobiology of Periodontal Disease Progression 267

Therapeutic Strategies Disrupting Host-Cell Signaling for Treatment of Periodontal Diseases 269

Chapter 16 Host Modulation 275

Historical Perspective 275

The Host Response and Potential Targets for Host Modulation 276

Host Modulatory Therapy 278

Host Modulation Factors 280

Part 5 Relationship Between Perdiodontal Disease and Systemic Health 283

Chapter 17 Influence of Systemic Disorders and Stress on the Periodontium 284

Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Changes 285

Hematologic Disorders and Immune Deficiencies 291

Stress and Psychosomatic Disorders 300

Nutritional Influences 301

Other Systemic Conditions 305

Chapter 18 Periodontal Medicine: Impact of Periodontal Infection on Systemic Health 312

Pathobiology of Periodontitis 312

Focal Infection Theory Revisited 313

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice 313

Subgingival Environment as Reservoir of Bacteria 315

Periodontal Disease and Mortality 315

Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease/Atherosclerosis 315

Periodontal Disease and Stroke 320

Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcome 322

Periodontal Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 324

Periodontal Disease and Acute Respiratory Infections 325

Periodontal Medicine in Clinical Practice 326

Chapter 19 Oral Malodor 330

Epidemiology 330

Etiology 331

Physiology of Malodor Detection 333

Diagnosis of Malodor 333

Treatment of Oral Malodor 337

Part 6 Periodontal Pathology 343

Section I Gingival Disease 344

Chapter 20 Defense Mechanisms of the Gingiva 344

Sulcular Fluid 344

Leukocytes in the Dentogingival Area 347

Saliva 349

Chapter 21 Gingival Inflammation 355

Stage I Gingivitis: The Initial Lesion 356

Stage II Gingivitis: The Early Lesion 358

Stage III Gingivitis: The Established Lesion 359

Stage IV Gingivitis: The Advanced Lesion 360

Chapter 22 Clinical Features of Gingivitis 362

Course and Duration 362

Description 362

Clinical Findings 364

Chapter 23 Gingival Enlargement 373

Inflammatory Enlargement 374

Drug-Induced Gingival Enlargement 375

Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement 379

Enlargements Associated with Systemic Diseases 380

Neoplastic Enlargement (Gingival Tumors) 384

False Enlargement 386

Chapter 24 Acute Gingival Infections 391

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis 391

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis 398

Pericoronitis 400

Chapter 25 Gingival Diseases in Childhood 404

Periodontium of the Deciduous Dentition 404

Physiologic Gingival Changes Associated with Tooth Eruption 405

Types of Gingival Disease 406

Traumatic Changes in the Periodontium 409

Oral Mucous Membrane in Childhood Diseases 409

Chapter 26 Desquamative Gingivitis 411

Chronic Desquamative Gingivitis 411

Diagnosis of Desquamative Gingivitis: A Systematic Approach 412

Diseases Clinically Presenting as Desquamative Gingivitis 415

Drug Eruptions 428

Miscellaneous Conditions Mimicking Desquamative Gingivitis 429

Section II Periodontal Disease 434

Chapter

27 The Periodontal Pocket 434

Classification 434

Clinical Features 435

Pathogenesis 436

Histopathology 437

Periodontal Disease Activity 444

Site Specificity 445

Pulp Changes Associated with Periodontal Pockets 445

Relationship of Attachment Loss and Bone Loss to Pocket Depth 445

Area between Base of Pocket and Alveolar Bone 445

Relationship of Pocket to Bone 446

Differences between Infrabony and Suprabony Pockets 446

Periodontal Abscess 446

Periodontal Cyst 449

Chapter 28 Bone Loss and Patterns of Bone Destruction 452

Bone Destruction Caused by Extension of Gingival Inflammation 452

Bone Destruction Caused by Trauma from Occlusion 457

Bone Destruction Caused by Systemic Disorders 458

Factors Determining Bone Morphology in Periodontal Disease 458

Bone Destruction Patterns in Periodontal Disease 459

Chapter 29 Periodontal Response to External Forces 467

Adaptive Capacity of the Periodontium to Occlusal Forces 467

Trauma from Occlusion 467

Stages of Tissue Response to Increased Occlusal Forces 469

Effects of Insufficient Occlusal Force 471

Reversibility of Traumatic Lesions 471

Effects of Excessive Occlusal Forces on Dental Pulp 472

Influence of Trauma from Occlusion on Progression of Marginal Periodontitis 472

Pathologic Tooth Migration 474

Chapter 30 Masticatory System Disorders 480

Temporomandibular Joint 480

Muscles and Nerves of the Masticatory System 481

Centric Relation 482

Biomechanics of the Masticatory System 482

Dysfunction and Deterioration 483

Orofacial Pain 485

Comprehensive Evaluation 486

Diagnostic Decision Making 489

Chapter 31 Chronic Periodontitis 494

Clinical Features 494

Risk Factors for Disease 497

Chapter 32 Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis 500

Clinical and Microscopic Description of Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis 500

Characteristic Features of Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis 501

Etiology of Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis 502

Chapter 33 Aggressive Periodontitis 506

Localized Aggressive Periodontitis 506

Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis 508

Risk Factors for Aggressive Periodontitis 509

Chapter 34 Pathology and Management of Periodontal Problems in Patients with HIV Infection 513

Pathogenesis 513

Epidemiology and Demographics 514

Classification and Staging 514

Oral and Periodontal Manifestations of HIV Infection 516

Dental Treatment Complications 527

Gingival and Periodontal Diseases 527

Periodontal Treatment Protocol 531

Part 7 Treatment of Periodontal Disease 539

Section I Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Plan 540

Chapter 35 Clinical Diagnosis 540

First Visit 541

Second Visit 543

Laboratory Aids to Clinical Diagnosis 558

Periodontal Screening and Recording System 558

Chapter 36 Radiographic Aids in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease 561

Normal Interdental Septa 561

Distortions Produced by Variations in Radiographic Technique 562

Bone Destruction in Periodontal Disease 562

Radiographic Appearance of Periodontal Disease 565

Additional Radiographic Criteria 574

Skeletal Disturbances Manifested in the Jaws 574

Digital Intraoral Radiography 575

Chapter 37 Advanced Diagnostic Techniques 579

Limitations of Conventional Periodontal Diagnosis 579

Advances in Clinical Diagnosis 581

Advances in Radiographic Assessment 585

Advances in Microbiologic Analysis 587

Advances in Characterizing the Host Response 595

Chapter 38 Risk Assessment 602

Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease 602

Risk Determinants/Background Characteristics for Periodontal Disease 603

Risk Indicators for Periodontal Disease 605

Risk Markers/Predictors for Periodontal Disease 605

Clinical Risk Assessment for Periodontal Disease 605

Chapter 39 Levels of Clinical Significance 609

Tangible versus Intangible Benefits 609

Size of the Treatment Effect 610

Defining Four Levels of Clinical Significance 610

Chapter 40 Determination of Prognosis 614

Types of Prognosis 614

Factors in Determination of Prognosis 615

Relationship between Diagnosis and Prognosis 622

Reevaluation of Prognosis after Phase I Therapy 624

Chapter 41 The Treatment Plan 626

Master Plan for Total Treatment 626

Therapeutic Procedures 627

Explaining Treatment Plan to the Patient 627

Chapter 42 Rationale for Periodontal Treatment 630

What Does Periodontal Therapy Accomplish? 630

Factors That Affect Healing 632

Healing after Periodontal Therapy 632

Periodontal Reconstruction 634

Chapter 43 Periodontal Therapy in the Female Patient 636

Puberty 636

Menses 637

Periodontal Manifestations of Pregnancy 639

Oral Contraceptives 643

Menopause 645

Chapter 44 Periodontal Treatment of Medically Compromised Patients 650

Cardiovscular Diseases 650

Endocrine Disorders 657

Renal Diseases 661

Liver Diseases 662

Pulmonary Diseases 662

Immunosuppression and Chemotherapy 663

Radiation Therapy 663

Prosthetic Joint Replacement 664

Pregnancy 664

Hemorrhagic Disorders 665

Blood Dyscrasias 668

Infectious Diseases 669

Chapter 45 Periodontal Treatment for Older Adults 675

The Aging Periodontium 675

Demographics 677

Dental and Medical Assessments 684

Periodontal Diseases in Older Adults 688

Periodontal Treatment Planning 688

Prevention of Periodontal Disease and Maintenance of Periodontal Health in Older Adults 689

Chapter 46 Treatment of Aggressive and Atypical Forms of Periodontitis 693

Aggressive Periodontitis 693

Periodontitis Refractory to Treatment 701

Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis 702

Section II Treatment of Periodontal Emergencies 706

Chapter 47 Treatment of Acute Gingival Disease 706

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis 706

Acute Pericoronitis 710

Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis 711

Chapter 48 Treatment of Periodontal Abscess 714

Classification of Abscesses 714

Specific Treatment Approaches 716

Section III Nonsurgical Therapy 722

Chapter 49 Phase I Periodontal Therapy 722

Treatment Sessions 723

Sequence of Procedures 724

Results 725

Healing 725

Decision to Refer for Specialist Treatment 725

Chapter 50 Plaque Control for the Periodontal Patient 728

The Toothbrush 729

Powered Toothbrushes 731

Dentifrices 732

Toothbrushing Methods 733

Interdental Cleaning Aids 735

Gingival Massage 738

Oral Irrigation 739

Caries Control 740

Chemical Plaque Control with Oral Rinses 740

Disclosing Agents 741

Frequency of Plaque Removal 742

Patient Motivation and Education 742

Chapter 51 Scaling and Root Planing 749

Classification of Periodontal Instruments 749

General Principles of Instrumentation 764

Principles of Scaling and Root Planing 774

Instrument Sharpening 786

Chapter 52 Chemotherapeutic Agents 798

Systemic Administration of Antibiotics 799

Serial and Combination Antibiotic Therapy 805

Host Modulation 806

Local Delivery of Antibiotics 807

Local Delivery of Antiseptic Agent 809

Chapter 53 Host Modulation Agents 813

Host Response 813

Host Modulatory Therapy 814

Host Modulation and Comprehensive Periodontal Management 815

Subantimicrobial-Dose Doxycycline 816

Emerging Host Modulatory Therapies 824

Chapter 54 Sonic and Ultrasonic Instrumentation 828

Mechanism of Action 828

Types of Power Instruments 829

Efficacy and Clinical Outcomes 830

Efficiency 831

Special Considerations 833

Principles of Instrumentation 833

Chapter 55 Supragingival and Subgingival Irrigation 836

Professionally Delivered Irrigation 836

Home (Self-Applied) Irrigation 837

Clinical Outcomes 840

Chapter 56 Occlusal Evaluation and Therapy 845

Functional Anatomy of Masticatory System 846

Biologic Basis of Occlusal Function 846

Clinical Evaluation Procedures 847

Interpretation and Treatment Planning 849

Occlusal Therapy 850

Chapter 57 Adjunctive Role of Orthodontic Therapy 856

Benefits of Orthodontic Therapy 856

Preorthodontic Osseous Surgery 857

Orthodontic Treatment of Osseous Defects 858

Orthodontic Treatment of Gingival Discrepancies 866

Chapter 58 The Periodontic-Endodontic Continuum 871

Pulpal Disease 871

Effect of Periodontitis on the Dental Pulp 873

Differentiation between Periodontal and Pulpal Lesions 873

Differentiation between Pulpal and Periodontal Abscesses 874

Therapeutic Management

of Pulpal and Periodontal Disease 874

Special Issues in Endodontic Therapy 877

Section IV Surgical Therapy 881

Chapter 59 Phase II Periodontal Therapy 881

Objectives of the Surgical Phase 881

Pocket Elimination versus Pocket Maintenance 883

Reevaluation after Phase I Therapy 884

Critical Zones in Pocket Surgery 884

Indications for Periodontal Surgery 884

Methods of Pocket Therapy 885

Chapter 60 General Principles of Periodontal Surgery 887

Outpatient Surgery 887

Hospital Periodontal Surgery 897

Surgical Instruments 898

Chapter 61 Surgical Anatomy of the Periodontium and Related Structures 902

Mandible 902

Maxilla 904

Muscles 906

Anatomic Spaces 906

Chapter 62 Gingival Surgical Techniques 909

Gingival Curettage 909

Gingivectomy 912

Chapter 63 Treatment of Gingival Enlargement 918

Chronic Inflammatory Enlargement 918

Periodontal and Gingival Abscesses 918

Drug-Associated Gingival Enlargement 919

Leukemic Gingival Enlargement 923

Gingival Enlargement in Pregnancy 924

Gingival Enlargement in Puberty 924

Recurrence of Gingival Enlargement 924

Chapter 64 The Periodontal Flap 926

Classification of Flaps 926

Flap Design 927

Incisions 928

Elevation of the Flap 930

Suturing Techniques 931

Healing after Flap Surgery 934

Chapter 65 The Flap Technique for Pocket Therapy 937

Modified Widman Flap 938

Undisplaced Flap 940

Apically Displaced Flap 943

Flaps for Reconstructive Surgery 945

Distal Molar Surgery 945

Chapter 66 Resective Osseous Surgery 950

Selection of Treatment Technique 950

Normal Alveolar Bone Morphology 951

Factors in Selection of Resective Osseous Surgery 953

Examination and Treatment Planning 954

Methods of Resective Osseous Surgery 954

Osseous Resection Technique 956

Flap Placement and Closure 960

Postoperative Maintenance 960

Specific Osseous Reshaping Situations 960

Chapter 67 Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery 968

Evaluation of New Attachment and Periodontal Reconstruction 968

Reconstructive Surgical Techniques 971

Chapter 68 Furcation: Involvement and Treatment 991

Etiologic Factors 991

Diagnosis and Classification of Furcation Defects 991

Local Anatomic Factors 993

Anatomy of the Bony Lesions 994

Treatment 995

Surgical Therapy 995

Prognosis 1003

Chapter 69 Periodontal Plastic and Esthetic Surgery 1005

Etiology of Marginal Tissue Recession 1006

Factors That Affect Surgical Outcome 1006

Techniques to Increase Attached Gingiva 1008

Techniques to Deepen the Vestibule 1023

Techniques to Remove Frenum 1023

Criteria for Selection of Techniques 1025

Chapter 70 Recent Advances in Surgical Technology 1030

Microsurgery 1030

Magnification Systems 1030

Periodontal Microsurgery 1033

Lasers in Periodontics 1035

Application for Periodontal Therapy 1035

Advantages and Disadvantages 1036

Section V Periodontal-Restorative Interrelationships 1039

Chapter 71 Preparation of the Periodontium for Restorative Dentistry 1039

Rationale for Therapy 1039

Sequence of Treatment 1040

Control of Active Disease 1040

Preprosthetic Surgery 1042

Chapter 72 Restorative Interrelationships 1050

Biologic Considerations 1050

Esthetic Tissue Management 1059

Occlusal Considerations in Restorative Therapy 1064

Special Restorative Considerations 1064

Part 8 Oral Implantology 1071

Chapter 73 Biological Aspects of Oral Implants 1072

Implant Geometry (Macrodesign) 1073

Implant Surface Characteristics (Microdesign) 1075

Hard Tissue Interface 1075

Soft Tissue Interfaces 1081

Comparison of Tissues Surrounding Natural Dentition and Osseointegrated Oral Implants 1084

Chapter 74 Clinical Aspects and Evaluation of the Implant Patient 1087

Case Types and Indications 1088

Pretreatment Evaluation 1092

Risk Factors and Contraindications 1096

Posttreatment Evaluation 1100

Chapter 75 Diagnostic Imaging for the Implant Patient 1105

Standard Projections 1105

Cross-Sectional Imaging 1108

Interactive "Simulation" Software Programs 1111

Patient Evaluation 1114

Clinical Selection of Diagnostic Imaging 1117

Chapter 76 Standard Implant Surgical Procedures 1120

Implant Selection and Design Considerations 1120

General Principles of Implant Surgery 1121

Two-Stage "Submerged" Implant Placement 1124

One-Stage "Non-Submerged" Implant Placement 1131

Chapter 77 Localized Bone Augmentation and Implant Site Development 1133

Guided Bone Regeneration 1133

Localized Ridge Augmentation 1136

Management of Extractions 1141

Chapter 78 Advanced Implant Surgical Procedures 1148

Maxillary Sinus Elevation and Bone Augmentation 1148

Supracrestal/Vertical Bone Augmentation 1157

Growth Factors in Bone Augmentation 1159

Chapter 79 Recent Advances in Implant Surgical Technology 1161

Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery 1162

Chapter 80 Biomechanics, Treatment Planning, and Prosthetic Considerations 1167

Biomechanical Considerations 1168

Treatment Planning with Dental Implants 1171

Clinical Strategies to Avoid Implant Overload and Other Prosthetic Considerations 1178

Chapter 81 Implant-Related Complications and Failures 1182

Definition of Implant Success 1182

Types and Prevalence of Implant Complications 1183

Surgical Complications 1184

Biologic Complications 1186

Technical or Mechanical Complications 1188

Esthetic and Phonetic Complications 1189

Part 9 Periodontal Maintenance 1193

Chapter 82 Supportive Periodontal Treatment 1194

Rationale for Supportive Periodontal Treatment 1194

Maintenance Program 1196

Classification of Posttreatment Patients 1201

Referral of Patients to the Periodontist 1201

Tests for Disease Activity 1202

Maintenance for Dental Implant Patients 1202

Chapter 83 Results of Periodontal Treatment 1206

Prevention and Treatment of Gingivitis 1206

Prevention and Treatment of Loss of Attachment 1207

Tooth Mortality 1208

Part 10 Ethical, Legal, and Practical Issues in the Management of Periodontal Patients 1215

Chapter 84 Dental Ethics 1216

Licensing 1217

Practical Considerations in Ethical Practice of Dentistry 1218

Dental Board Discipline 1218

Continuing Education 1219

Scope of Periodontal Specialty Practice 1219

Ethical Responsibilities of General Practitioners in Treatment of Periodontal Disease 1219

Chapter 85 Legal Principles: Jurisprudence 1221

Common Periodontal Malpractice Issues 1222

Legal Elements of Malpractice 1223

Practical Components in Litigation 1224

Legal Process 1224

Malpractice Insurance 1225

Avoidance of Lawsuits 1225

Peer Review 1226

Federal Legislation 1226

Chapter 86 Dental Insurance and Managed Care in Periodontal Practice 1227

History 1227

Classification of Programs 1230

Benefits Design 1231

Most Common Errors 1234.

Notes:

Rev. ed. of: Carranza's clinical periodontology / [edited by] Fermin A. Carranza, Jr., Michael G. Newman. 9th ed. c2002.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

141602400X

OCLC:

187796402

Publisher Number:

9781416024002