Understanding nicotine and tobacco addiction / [editors, Gregory Bock and Jamie Goode].

Format:

Book

Conference/Event

Contributor:

Bock, Gregory.

Goode, Jamie.

Conference Name:

Symposium on Understanding Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction (2005 : Novartis Foundation)

Series:

Novartis Foundation symposium ; 275.

Novartis Foundation symposium ; 275

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nicotine addiction--Congresses.

Nicotine addiction.

Tobacco use--Physiological aspects--Congresses.

Tobacco use.

Tobacco use--Psychological aspects--Congresses.

Smoking cessation--Congresses.

Smoking cessation.

Tobacco Use Disorder.

Nicotine--pharmacokinetics.

Nicotine--pharmacology.

Tobacco use--Psychological aspects.

Medical Subjects:

Tobacco Use Disorder.

Nicotine--pharmacokinetics.

Nicotine--pharmacology.

Genre:

Conference papers and proceedings.

Physical Description:

viii, 275 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, UK ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

Summary:

Cigarette smoking is estimated to lead to 4.9 million premature deaths per year worldwide. This is predicted to rise to 10 million by 2020. In western countries it kills half of all smokers who fail to stop. The prevailing model for tobacco addiction is that nicotine from cigarettes rewards smoking and punishes abstinence, tapping into a motivational system of operant conditioning that requires no conscious awareness. However, there are also accounts which involve cognitive biases and the effect of nicotine on impulse control. The brain pathways involved have been studied extensively, but the role of different nicotine receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter systems is still subject to debate.

In western countries, cigarette smoking as an adult has a heritability of 30-50% and candidate genes have been identified that may contribute in part to addiction susceptibility. Many socio-cultural correlates of cigarette smoking have been established, but a comprehensive model that accounts for these and links them with the psychobiological aspects of nicotine addiction has not been forthcoming. Structured behavioural support programmes aid cessation attempts, as do a number of pharmacotherapies, most notably nicotine replacement treatments and bupropion, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

This book deals with the problems involved in understanding and treating nicotine and tobacco addiction. Topics covered include the nature of the worldwide health problem posed by cigarette smoking, the psychodynamics of cigarette addiction, and the basic pharmacology and biochemistry of nicotine and its effect on the brain. Further chapters analyse the genetic basis of susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Finally, the contributors address approaches to therapy. A continuing theme in the discussions throughout the book is how best to treat nicotine addiction, given that many smokers would like to stop smoking but are unable to do so because of their addiction.

This book will be of great value to all psychologist's and psychiatrists working on addiction, specifically to nicotine but also to other compounds and behaviours. It will also be of interest to neuroscientists and pharmacologists working on nicotine receptors and the brain pathways involved in dependence, as well as to biochemists, molecular biologists and to public health officials.

Contents:

Symposium on Understanding nicotine and tobacco addiction, held at the Novartis Foundation, London, 17-19 May 2005

Editors: Gregory Bock (Organizer) and Jamie Goode

This symposium is based on a proposal made by Robert West and Gino van Heeke

/ William A. Corrigall Chair's introduction 1

/ Richard Petoc, Richard Doll The hazards of smoking and the benefits of stopping 3

/ Ian Stolerman Animal models for nicotine dependence 17

/ Robert West Defining and assessing nicotine dependence in humans 36

/ Uwe Maskos, Sylvie Granon, Philippe Faure, Jean-Pierre Changeux Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functions in the CNS investigated with a novel method of stereotaxic gene re-expression in knockout mice 64

/ Marina R. Picciotto Nicotine-mediated activation of signal transduction pathways 83

/ David Balfour Complementary roles for the accumbal shell and core in nicotine dependence 96

/ Christian Heidbreder The dopamine D[subscript 3] system: new opportunities for dopamine-based reward 116

/ Athina Markou Pathways and systems involved in nicotine dependence 132

/ Arthur L. Brody Localizing tobacco dependence pathways with functional brain imaging 153

/ Caryn Lerman Pharmacogenetic approach to nicotine dependence treatment 171

/ Robert Walton Pharmacogenomics and smoking cessation 184

General discussion II Power in studies 197

Receptor desensitizadon 199

/ Peter Hajek What limits the efficacy of current nicotine replacement therapies? 204

/ Saul Shiffman, Stuart Ferguson, Deborah Scharf Exploring behavioural mechanisms of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 219

/ Rachel F. Tyndale, Edward M. Sellers Modifying the metabolism of nicotine as a therapeutic strategy 235

/ William A. Corrigall Challenges in discovery and development of pharmacotherapies for tobacco addiction 249

Final discussion: Nicotine comorbidity 262

Animal models 264.

Notes:

Symposium held at the Novartis Foundation, London, 17-19 May 2005.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

0470016574

OCLC:

69671243