Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy : making sense of people's problems / edited by Lucy Johnstone and Rudi Dallos.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Johnstone, Lucy.

Dallos, Rudi, 1948-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Psychology--Methodology.

Psychology.

Psychotherapy--Methodology.

Psychotherapy.

Physical Description:

xvii, 241 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Routledge, 2006.

Summary:

Formulation is attracting an increasing amount of interest in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, psychotherapy and counselling. Drawing on psychological theory, it attempts to examine a client or family's problems in terms of how they arose and what may currently be holding these in place. It synthesises this information and explanatory ideas into 'working hypotheses', which are then used to suggest appropriate and effective ways of working to relieve the problems.

Formulation in Psychology and Psychotherapy places this growing interest in formulation in a clinical and historical context. It introduces the reader to the theory and practice of formulation through the discussion of two clients (one adult and one child focused problem), whose problems are formulated from the perspective of 5 different therapeutic traditions systemic, psychodynamic, community, cognitive - behavioural and social constructionist/narrative. It looks at the growing trend for formulations that draw on two or more therapeutic models and includes two chapters dealing with integrative formulation. The authors also explore the important issue of formulation as a collaborative activity, and consider the ethics of formulation. The final chapter takes a critical overview of the main research, controversies and debates in the area, and gives a guide for using, developing, and researching formulation.

The book is unique in including newer therapeutic approaches such as narrative therapy and social inequalities: it critiques and takes forward recent work on integration, and provides a lively and challenging critical evaluation of the area as a whole. It guides readers through a complex field in a clear, accessible and engaging way. Both experienced and novice clinicians will be able to enhance their clinical skills and theoretical knowledge

Contents:

1 Introduction to formulation / Lucy Johnstone, Rudi Dallos 1

Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy 1

What do we mean by formulation? 4

What is the purpose of a formulation? 5

Cognitive-behavioural 5

Psychodynamic 5

Systemic 5

Integrative 6

How did the concept of formulation arise? 8

Cognitive-behavioural approaches 8

Psychodynamic approaches 9

Systemic approaches 10

Other therapeutic traditions 11

Jack 12

Janet 13

2 Formulation in cognitive-behavioural therapy: 'There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so' / Robert Dudley, Willem Kuyken 17

What is a cognitive-behavioural approach? 17

Formulating within a CBT approach 18

The empirical basis of CBT 19

The process of CBT formulation: the five Ps 20

Presenting issues: what are the problems? 21

Precipitating factors: what triggers the problems? 22

Perpetuating factors: what keeps the problems going? 23

Predisposing factors: what led to the problems starting? 26

Protective factors: what are the person's strengths? 28

Practical aspects of formulation 28

Towards intervention 30

Jack: a cognitive-behavioural formulation 31

Presenting problems 31

Precipitating factors 32

Perpetuating factors 32

Predisposing factors 33

Protective factors 36

Towards intervention 36

Janet: towards a cognitive-behavioural formulation 39

Reflections 42

3 Psychodynamic formulation: A prince betrayed and disinherited / Rob Leiper 47

What is a psychodynamic approach? 47

Core features of a psychodynamic approach 48

The dynamic perspective 49

The developmental perspective 52

The structural perspective 56

The adaptive perspective 59

Jack: a psychodynamic formulation 61

A prince betrayed and disinherited 61

Reflection on the formulation 64

Towards intervention 65

Janet: a psychodynamic formulation 66

A girl unheld 66

Reflections 68

4 Systemic formulation: Mapping the family dance / Rudi Dallos, Jacqui Stedmon 72

The systemic approach 72

Symptoms and family processes 72

Exploration of the problem 74

Progressive hypothesising 75

Family therapy and social constructionism 76

A proposed model of systemic formulation 77

Jack: a systemic formulation 78

Mapping the family dance 78

Deconstructing the problem 78

Problem-maintaining patterns and feedback loops 80

Beliefs and explanations 81

Contextual factors 84

Synthesis and preliminary formulation for Jack 85

Janet: a systemic formulation 87

Deconstructing the problem 87

Problem-maintaining patterns and feedback loops 89

Beliefs and explanations 90

Transitions, emotions and attachments 91

Contextual factors 91

Synthesis and preliminary formulation for Janet and Mary 92

The politics of formulation 95

5 Social constructionist formulation: Telling a different story / David Harper, David Spellman 98

Social constructionism 98

Where did social constructionism come from? 98

What is social constructionism? 99

The influence of social constructionism on therapy 100

Narrative therapy 101

Social constructionism and formulation 101

Case examples 102

Jack: a social constructionist formulation 104

Telling a different story 104

Externalising conversations: naming the problem 104

Tracing the history of the problem 107

Exploring the effects of the problem 107

Situating the problem in context: deconstruction 108

Unique outcomes 109

Re-membering conversations 111

Therapeutic documents 111

Expanding the conversation: leagues and teams 112

Outsider-witness groups and definitional ceremonies 112

To formulate or not to formulate? 113

Janet: a social constructionist formulation 115

The context of the referral 115

Collaboration 115

Externalisation 117

Reflections 120

The need for critique and debate 120

6 Social inequalities formulation: Mad, bad and dangerous to know / Joe Miller, Lynn McClelland 126

What is a social inequalities approach? 126

Formulating within a social inequalities model 131

Formulating power 131

Theory-practice links 131

Guidelines on formulation 132

Jack: a social inequalities formulation 133

Mad, bad and dangerous to know 133

Masculinity 137

Delusions, lies and stereotypes 139

Janet: a social inequalities formulation 141

The socio-economic context 144

Formulation from a social inequalities perspective: some guidelines 146

Towards intervention 147

Reflections 148

7 Integrative formulation / Rudi Dallos, John Wright, Jacqui Stedmon, Lucy Johnstone 154

Integrative formulations 154

Approaches to integration 154

Off the shelf 155

Aptitude-treatment mix (A-T) 155

Idiosyncratic formulation 156

Key differences 156

Implicit integration 157

Integration strategies 159

Making conceptual connections 159

Making practical connections 159

Weerasekera's integrative formulation 159

Jack: an integrative formulation 162

Predisposing factors 162

Precipitating factors 163

Perpetuating factors 163

Protective factors 164

Coping styles 165

Reflections on the model 165

Advantages 165

Disadvantages 166

Extending the integrative model 167

The therapeutic relationship in 'live' formulation 167

Reflexivity 168

The choice of models 168

Certainty and pattern matching 169

Collaboration 170

The context in which we practise 171

A contextual-dynamic view of integrative formulation 172

Contexts 172

Who does the formulating? 174

Gathering information actively 174

Confirming and disconfirming evidence 177

8 Integrative formulation: CAT and ANT / Rudi Dallos 182

CAT formulation 182

Personal construct theory (PCT) 183

Procedural sequence model (PSM) 184

Systemic theory 185

Object relations theory 185

Reciprocal role procedures (RRP) 186

Narrative approaches 186

Jack: a CAT reformulation 187

ANT formulation 191

Integration based on the strengths and limitations of models: complementing and compensating 192

Systemic therapy 193

Narrative therapies 194

Attachment theory 195

Formulating within ANT 197

Individual level 197

Interpersonal level 197

Socio-cultural level 197

Jack: an ANT formulation 198

Attachments and narratives 198

Attachments and systemic processes 201

Cultural contexts and narratives 202

Integration 203

Implications for intervention 205

9 Controversies and debates about formulation / Lucy Johnstone 208

Jack and Janet: the formulations 208

Formulations: a central process in the role of the scientific practitioner? 209

Formulations: truth versus usefulness 210

Formulations: useful to whom? 212

Useful to the client? 212

Harmful to the client? 213

Useful to the therapist? 217

Useful to professions? 218

Formulation versus diagnosis? 220

Are formulations individualising? 224

Can anyone make formulations? Do we need them at all? 226

So what are formulations then? 228

Jack and Janet: an update 231.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

158391899X

1583917004

OCLC:

61115456

Publisher Number:

9781583918999

9781583917008