Ad Hoc & sensor networks : theory and applications / Carlos de Morais Cordeiro, Dharma Prakash Agrawal.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Cordeiro, Carlos de Morais.

Contributor:

Agrawal, Dharma P. (Dharma Prakash), 1945-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sensor networks.

Mobile computing.

Physical Description:

xix, 641 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Other Title:

Ad Hoc and sensor networks

Place of Publication:

Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific Publishing Co., [2006]

Summary:

This book introduces a new explanatory cross-layer model specifically designed to understand all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networking, from design through performance issues to application requirements. Future directions, challenges and potential simulation projects are also discussed. The topics included represent a significant portion of what is going on in academia and industry. The vast materials provided will enable readers to not only understand and position themselves in this hot area, but also to develop new capabilities, enhance skills, share expertise, consolidate knowledge and design future solutions. Thus, the book is useful for researchers and engineers, and anyone who seeks a deeper understanding of this growing field and wishes to pursue it as a future research topic.

Contents:

1.2 The Communication Puzzle 4

1.3 Applications of MANETs 7

1.4 Challenges 8

1.4.1 Scalability 9

1.4.2 Quality of Service 9

1.4.3 Client-Server Model Shift 10

1.4.4 Security 10

1.4.5 Interoperation with the Internet 11

1.4.6 Energy Conservation 11

1.4.7 Node (MH) Cooperation 12

1.4.8 Interoperation 12

1.5 Book Organization 13

2 Routing in Ad Hoc Networks 19

2.2 Topology-Based versus Position-Based Approaches 20

2.3 Topology-Based Routing Protocols 22

2.3.1 Proactive Routing Approach 22

2.3.2 Reactive Routing Approach 28

2.3.3 Hybrid Routing Approach 37

2.3.4 Comparison 42

2.4 Position-Based Routing 42

2.4.1 Principles and Issues 43

2.4.2 Location Services 44

2.4.3 Forwarding Strategies 50

2.4.4 Comparisons 62

2.5 Other Routing Protocols 67

2.5.1 Signal Stability Routing 67

2.5.2 Power Aware Routing 68

2.5.3 Associativity-Based Routing 68

2.5.4 QoS Routing 69

2.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 74

3 Broadcasting, Multicasting and Geocasting 80

3.2 The Broadcast Storm 82

3.2.1 Broadcasting in a MANET 83

3.2.2 Flooding-Generated Broadcast Storm 84

3.2.3 Redundancy Analysis 85

3.2.4 Rebroadcasting Schemes 87

3.3 Multicasting 97

3.3.1 Issues in Providing Multicast in a MANET 97

3.3.2 Multicast Routing Protocols 98

3.3.3 Comparison 124

3.4 Geocasting 124

3.4.1 Geocast Routing Protocols 126

3.4.2 Comparison 134

4 Wireless LANs 141

4.2 Why Wireless LANs 142

4.3 Transmission Techniques 144

4.3.1 Wired 144

4.3.2 Wireless 145

4.4 Medium Access Control Protocol Issues 150

4.4.1 Hidden Terminal Problem 150

4.4.2 Reliability 152

4.4.3 Collision Avoidance 153

4.4.4 Congestion Avoidance 153

4.4.5 Congestion Control 154

4.4.6 Energy Efficiency 154

4.4.7 Other MAC Issues 155

4.5 The IEEE 802.11 Standard for Wireless LANs 155

4.5.1 Network Architecture 158

4.5.2 The Physical Layer 159

4.5.3 The MAC Layer 172

4.5.4 Security 187

4.5.5 System Design Considerations 192

4.5.6 An Overview of Past and Present IEEE 802.11 Efforts 195

4.5.7 The IEEE 802.11e MAC Protocol 201

4.6 Enhancement to IEEE 802.11 MAC 205

4.6.1 Power Control 205

4.6.2 Spatial Reusability 210

4.6.3 QoS Provisioning 215

4.7 The HIPERLAN/2 Standard for Wireless LANs 218

4.7.1 Physical Layer 218

4.7.2 MAC Layer 220

5 Wireless PANs 227

5.2 Why Wireless PANs 228

5.3 The Bluetooth Technology 229

5.3.1 History and Applications 230

5.3.2 Technical Overview 231

5.3.3 The Bluetooth Specifications 238

5.3.4 Piconet Synchronization and Bluetooth Clocks 241

5.3.5 Master-Slave Switch 242

5.3.6 Bluetooth Security 243

5.4 Enhancements to Bluetooth 252

5.4.1 Bluetooth Interference Issues 252

5.4.2 Intra and Inter Piconet Scheduling 258

5.4.3 Bridge Selection 270

5.4.4 Traffic Engineering 274

5.4.5 QoS and Dynamic Slot Assignment 278

5.4.6 Scatternet Formation 280

5.5 The IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPANs 282

5.5.1 The IEEE 802.15.3 284

5.5.2 The IEEE 802.15.4 287

5.6 Comparison between WPAN Systems 293

5.6.1 Range 293

5.6.2 Data Rate 294

5.6.3 Support for Voice 294

5.6.4 Support for LAN Integration 295

5.6.5 Power Management 295

5.6.6 Comparison and Summary of Results 296

5.7 WLANs versus WPANs 297

5.8 Conclusion and Future Directions 299

6 Directional Antenna Systems 305

6.2 Antenna Concepts 307

6.2.1 Gain 308

6.2.2 Radiation Pattern 309

6.2.3 Beam Width 310

6.3 Evolution of Directional Antenna Systems 310

6.3.1 Sectorized Antenna Systems 310

6.3.2 Diversity Antenna Systems 311

6.3.3 Smart Antenna Systems 311

6.4 Advantages of Using Directional Antennas 314

6.5 Directional Antennas for Ad Hoc Networks 315

6.5.1 Antenna Models 316

6.6 Protocol Issues on the Use of Directional Antennas 319

6.6.1 Directional Neighborhood 320

6.6.2 New Types of Hidden Terminal Problems 321

6.6.3 Deafness 325

6.7 Broadcasting 326

6.7.1 Broadcasting Protocols 327

6.8 Medium Access Control 333

6.8.1 Single Channel 333

6.8.2 Multi-Channel 343

6.8.3 Other Protocols 345

6.9 Routing 347

6.9.1 Protocols 347

7 TCP over Ad Hoc Networks 354

7.2 TCP Protocol Overview 355

7.2.1 Designed and Fine-Tuned to Wired Networks 356

7.2.2 TCP Basics 357

7.2.3 TCP Header Format 358

7.2.4 Congestion Control 361

7.2.5 Round-Trip Time Estimation 363

7.3 TCP and MANETs 364

7.3.1 Effects of Partitions on TCP 366

7.3.2 Impact of Lower Layers on TCP 370

7.4 Solutions for TCP over Ad Hoc 383

7.4.1 Mobility-Related 383

7.4.2 Fairness-Related 389

8 Wireless Sensor Networks 403

8.2 The Mica Mote 405

8.3 Sensing and Communication Range 405

8.4 Design Issues 408

8.4.1 Challenges 412

8.5 Energy Consumption 416

8.6 Clustering of Sensors 420

8.6.1 Regularly placed sensors 421

8.6.2 Heterogeneous WSNs 425

8.6.3 Mobile Sensors 426

8.7 Applications 429

8.7.1 Habitat Monitoring 430

8.7.2 A Remote Ecological Micro-Sensor Network 432

8.7.3 Environmental Monitoring 432

8.7.4 Drinking Water Quality 435

8.7.5 Disaster Relief Management 435

8.7.6 Soil Moisture Monitoring 436

8.7.7 Health Care Monitoring 437

8.7.8 Building, Bridge and Structural Monitoring 437

8.7.9 Smart Energy and Home/Office Applications 439

8.7.10 DARPA Efforts towards Wireless Sensor Networks 439

8.7.11 Body Area Network 441

9 Data Retrieval in Sensor Networks 448

9.2 Classifications of WSNs 450

9.2.1 Architecture of Sensor Networks 451

9.2.2 Network Architecture 452

9.2.3 Physical Layer 455

9.3 MAC Layer 455

9.3.1 Design Issues 457

9.3.2 MAC Protocols 458

9.3.3 Link Layer 469

9.4 Routing Layer 469

9.4.1 Network Structure Based 471

9.4.2 Flat versus Hierarchical 490

9.4.3 Multipath-Based Routing 495

9.4.4 Query-Based Routing 499

9.4.5 Location-Based Routing 500

9.4.6 Transport Layer 500

9.5 High-Level Application LayerSupport 501

9.5.1 Distributed Query Processing 501

9.5.2 Sensor Databases 501

9.5.3 Distributed Applications 502

9.5.4 In-Network Processing 503

9.5.5 Security 506

9.6 Adapting to the Inherent Dynamic Nature of WSNs 507

10 Security 515

10.2 Distributed Systems Security 516

10.3 Security in Ad Hoc Networks 518

10.3.1 Requirements 518

10.3.2 Security Solutions Constraints 520

10.3.3 Challenges 521

10.3.4 Authentication 523

10.4 Key Management 524

10.4.1 Conceptual Background 525

10.4.2 Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement 527

10.4.3 N-Party Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement 529

10.4.4 The Ingemarsson Protocol 533

10.4.5 The Burmester and Desmedt Protocol 535

10.4.6 The Hypercube Protocol 536

10.4.7 The Octopus Protocol 538

10.4.8 The CLIQUES Protocol Suite 542

10.4.9 The Tree-Based Generalized Diffie-Hellman Protocol 548

10.5 Secure Routing 550

10.5.1 Problems Affecting Secure Ad Hoc Routing 551

10.5.2 Secure Routing Protocols 556

10.5.3 The Wormhole Attack 577

10.6 Cooperation in MANETs 578

10.6.1 Confidant 579

10.6.2 Token-Based 580

10.7 Wireless Sensor Networks 582

10.7.1 WSN Security 582

10.7.2 Key Distribution and Management 584

10.8 Intrusion Detection Systems 587

10.8.2 Unsuitability of Current IDS Techniques 589

10.8.3 An IDS Architecture for Ad Hoc Networks 589

10.8.4 Anomaly Detection 593

11 Integrating MANETs, WLANs and Cellular Networks 598

11.2 Ingredients of a Heterogeneous Architecture 600

11.2.1 Mobile User Stations 601

11.2.2 Base Station and Access Point 602

11.2.3 Core IP Network (CN) 603

11.2.4 Possible Communication Scenarios 603

11.2.5 Design Factors 605

11.3 Protocol Stack 606

11.3.1 The Physical Layer 607

11.3.2 The Data Link Layer 608

11.3.3 The Network Layer 610

11.3.4 Transport Layer 619

11.3.5 Application Layer 620

11.3.6 Mobility and Connection Management 621

11.4 Comparison of the Integrated Architectures 625.

Notes:

Includes bibliographic references and index.

ISBN:

9812566813

9812566821

OCLC:

69678328