The chemistry of polymers / John W. Nicholson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Nicholson, John W.

Contributor:

Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Polymers.

Polymerization.

Physical Description:

xi, 177 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, UK : Royal Society of Chemistry, [2006]

Summary:

Chemistry of Polymers, third edition, is a well established and highly readable introductory text book on polymer science, ideal for chemists requiring a broad introduction to the subject. Like its predecessors it has been written primarily from an applications point of view, emphasising practical applications and providing a comprehensive introduction on all aspects of polymer science including polymer synthesis, characterisation, reaction kinetics and materials science. Specialised topics such as polymer degradation, polymers and pollution and a variety of technological developments are also discussed in an informative and up-to-date manner.

This third edition of the book has been extensively revised to include the latest developments in polymer science. Highlights and updates include a new chapter on dendrimers - a field of chemistry that has grown enormously in the last ten years. Coverage of 'Special topics in polymer chemistry' and 'Polymers in the environment' have both been updated to reflect recent developments in the field, including polymer recycling. This text is essential reading for university students, teachers and scientists who wish to acquire an up-to-the-minute overview of polymer science and its many specialised topics in an informative and easy to read style.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Polymer Chemistry 1

1.2 The History of the Concept of the Macromolecule 2

1.3 Classification of Polymers 4

1.4 Structure and Properties of Polymers 5

1.4.1 Poly(ethylene) 6

1.4.2 Poly(propylene) 7

1.4.3 Poly(methyl methacrylate) 8

1.4.4 Poly(styrene) 9

1.4.5 Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC 10

1.4.6 The Nylons 11

1.4.7 Epoxy Resins 12

1.4.8 Phenol-Formaldehyde Polymers 13

1.4.9 Amino Resins 14

1.4.10 Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), PTFE 15

1.4.11 Polyurethanes 16

1.4.12 Poly(ether ether ketone) 17

1.4.13 Silicones 17

1.4.14 Naturally Occurring Polymers 18

1.4.15 Cellulose 18

1.4.16 Starch 19

1.4.17 Natural Rubber 19

1.4.18 Proteins 20

1.4.19 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 21

Chapter 2 Polymerisation Reactions 23

2.1 Chain Polymerisation 23

2.1.1 Initiation 24

2.1.2 Propagation 25

2.1.3 Termination 25

2.1.4 Other Reactions 26

2.2 Arrangement of Monomer Units 27

2.3 Kinetics of Chain Polymerisation 27

2.4 Autoacceleration 29

2.5 Practical Methods of Chain Polymerisation 30

2.5.1 Bulk Polymerisation 30

2.5.2 Solution Polymerisation 31

2.5.3 Suspension Polymerisation 31

2.5.4 Emulsion Polymerisation 32

2.5.5 The Loop Process 33

2.6 Other Chain Polymerisation Mechanisms 33

2.7 Step Polymerisation 35

2.8 Step polymerisation with Polyfunctional monomers 36

2.9 Copolymerisation 37

Chapter 3 Polymer Structure 40

3.1 Polymer Stereochemistry 40

3.2 Polymer Crystallinity 41

3.2.1 Orientation and Crystallisation 44

3.2.2 The Crystalline Melting Point 44

3.2.3 Polyblends 45

3.3 Thermal and Mechanical Properties 45

3.3.1 The Glass Transition Temperature, T[subscript g] 46

3.3.2 The Effect of Plasticisers 48

3.3.3 Methods of Determining Glass Transition Temperature 49

3.3.4 The Effect of Polymer Stereochemistry on T[subscript g] 51

3.3.5 The Relationship between Crystalline Melting Point and T[subscript g] 52

3.3.6 Other Thermal Transitions 53

Chapter 4 Crosslinking 54

4.2 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins 56

4.3 Unsaturated Polyester Resins 59

4.4 Polyurethanes 61

4.5 Epoxy Resins 63

Chapter 5 Polymer Solutions 66

5.2 Dissolution of Polymers 66

5.3 Solubility Parameters 67

5.4 Simple Liquid Mixtures and Raoult's Law 69

5.5 Entropy of Mixing 69

5.6 Real Molecules in Dilute Solution 72

5.7 Shapes of Polymer Molecules in Solution 73

5.8 Reptation Model of Molecular Motion 74

5.9 Water-Soluble Polymers 75

5.10 Uses of High-Viscosity Polymer Solutions 77

5.11 Polymer Melts 78

Chapter 6 Methods of Determining Relative Molar Mass 80

6.2 Molar Masses from Colligative Properties 81

6.2.1 Vapour Phase Osmometry 83

6.3 Light Scattering 84

6.3.1 Experimental Determination 87

6.4 Viscosity Methods of Determining Relative Molar Mass 88

6.5 End Group Analysis 90

6.6 Gel Permeation Chromatography 91

Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties of Polymers 95

7.2 Stress, Strain, and Young's Modulus 95

7.3 Brittle and Tough Fracture 96

7.4 Types of Strength 98

7.5 The Influence of Surfaces 100

7.6 Viscoelasticity 102

7.7 Creep and Stress Relaxation 104

7.8 Cold Drawing 106

7.9 Dynamic Tests 107

7.10 Time/Temperature Relationship 109

7.11 Rubberlike Elasticity 110

7.12 Reinforced Polymers 113

7.13 Practical Measurements of Mechanical Properties 115

Chapter 8 Polymer Degradation 117

8.2 Behaviour of Polymers In Fires 117

8.2.1 The Behaviour of Individual Polymers 118

8.3 Assessment of Combustion Behaviour 119

8.4 Improvement of Stability of Polymers in Fires 120

8.5 Weathering of Polymers 121

8.6 Protection of Polymers from Photo-oxidation 123

8.7 Biological Degradation of Polymers 125

8.8 Exploitation of Polymer Degradation 126

Chapter 9 Dendrimers 130

9.2 Organic Dendrimers 133

9.3 Supramolecular Dendrimers 135

9.4 Shapes and Conformations of Dendrimers 136

9.5 Dendrimer Micelles 137

9.6 Characterization of Dendrimers 138

9.6.1 Mass Spectroscopy 138

9.6.2 Gel Permeation Chromatography 139

9.6.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 139

9.6.4 NMR Spectroscopy 140

9.6.5 X-Ray Diffraction 140

9.6.6 Titration 140

9.6.7 Small Angle Neutron Scattering 141

9.6.8 Atomic Force Microscopy 142

9.7 Applications of Dendrimers 142

9.8 Megamers 144

Chapter 10 Special Topics in Polymer Chemistry 146

10.2 Polymers in Medicine 146

10.3 Ionomers 149

10.4 Electronically Conducting Polymers 150

10.5 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks 153

10.6 Inorganic Polymers 154

10.7 Polymer Liquid Crystals 156

10.8 Polymers for Food Packaging 158

Chapter 11 Polymers and the Environment 161

11.2 Pollution by Polymers 161

11.3 The Nature of the Problem 164

11.4 Polymers and Energy 165

11.5 Recycling of Polymers 166

11.6 Degradable Polymers 167

11.7 The Future 169.

Notes:

Previous ed.: 1997.

Includes bibliographical references (pages [170]-171) and index.

ISBN:

0854046844

OCLC:

63703045