The cognitive structure of scientific revolutions / Hanne Andersen, Peter Barker, Xiang Chen.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Andersen, Hanne, 1964-

Contributor:

Barker, Peter, 1949-

Chen, Xiang, 1954-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Science--Philosophy--History--20th century.

Science.

Science--Philosophy.

History.

Science--History--20th century.

Paradigm (Theory of knowledge).

Cognition.

Constructivism (Philosophy).

Kuhn, Thomas S. (Thomas Samuel), 1922-1996.

Kuhn, Thomas S.

Physical Description:

xvii, 199 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Contents:

1 Revolutions in Science and Science Studies 1

1.1 The Place of Kuhn's Work in Studies of Science 1

1.2 Revolutions in Science 2

1.3 Theories of Concepts 5

1.3.1 The Classical Theory of Concepts 6

1.3.2 The Roschian Revolution 9

1.3.3 Three Responses to the Roschian Revolution 12

1.4 Nature and Scope of the Present Work 14

2 Kuhn's Theory of Concepts 19

2.1 Exemplars 19

2.2 The Learning Procedure 20

2.3 Similarity, Dissimilarity, and Kind Hierarchies 24

2.4 Knowledge of Ontology and Knowledge of Regularities 27

2.5 Individual Differences and Graded Structures 29

2.6 Generalization to Scientific Concepts 30

2.7 Nomic and Normic Concepts 31

2.8 A Scientific Conceptual Structure: Early Nuclear Physics 33

3 Representing Concepts by Means of Dynamic Frames 42

3.1 Constituents of Dynamic Frames 42

3.2 Frames in Human Cognition 46

3.2.1 Evidence for Attribute-Value Sets 47

3.2.2 Evidence for Intraconceptual Relations 49

3.3 Family Resemblance and Graded Structure in Frames 52

3.4 Frames and Kind Hierarchies 56

3.5 Knowledge of Regularities and Ontological Knowledge 59

3.6 Value Constraints and Causal Theories 60

4 Scientific Change 65

4.1 The Phase Model of Scientific Development 66

4.2 Hierarchical Principles of Stable Conceptual Structures 67

4.2.1 The No-Overlap Principle 67

4.2.2 The Exhaustion Principle 68

4.2.3 The Inclusion Principle 68

4.3 Anomalies as Violations of the Hierarchical Principles 69

4.3.1 Sundevall's Taxonomy: Conceptual Revision in Normal Science 72

4.3.2 Core Concepts of Nuclear Physics in the 1930s 75

4.3.3 Anomalies in Nuclear Physics during the 1930s 78

4.4 Types of Conceptual Change 83

4.5 Revolutionary Change 86

4.5.1 The Gadow Taxonomy: Revolutionary Change without Communication Failure 87

4.5.2 Noddack, Fermi, and Fission: Revolutionary Change with Communication Failure 91

4.6 Conclusion: A Place for the Cognitive History of Science 97

5 Incommensurability 104

5.2 The Development of Kuhn's Concept of Incommensurability 105

5.3 Representing Incommensurability in Frames 108

5.4 Galileo's Discoveries and the Conceptual Structure of Astronomy 117

6 The Copernican Revolution 130

6.1 The Conceptual Structure of Ptolemaic Astronomy 130

6.2 The Conceptual Structure of Copernican Astronomy 135

6.3 The Problem of the Equant Point 138

6.4 From Orbs to Orbits 146

6.5 The Conceptual Structure of Kepler's Astronomy 151

6.6 Incommensurability, Incremental Change, and the Copernican Revolution 161

7 Realism, History, and Cognitive Studies of Science 164

7.1 Results 164

7.2 Realism 168

7.2.1 Incommensurability and Realism 169

7.2.2 Entities in a Phenomenal World 170

7.2.3 Anomalies and Restructuring of the Phenomenal World 172

7.2.4 Chain-of-Reasoning Arguments, Conceptual Continuity, and Incommensurability 173

7.3 The Symmetry Thesis 174.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 181-194) and index.

ISBN:

0521855756

OCLC:

61169814

Publisher Number:

9780521855754

Online:

Publisher description