The Central Intelligence Agency : security under scrutiny / edited by Athan Theoharis with Richard Immerman ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Theoharis, Athan G.

Immerman, Richard H.

Series:

Understanding our government

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

United States. Central Intelligence Agency.

United States.

Physical Description:

xx, 375 pages : illustrations, map ; 26 cm.

Place of Publication:

Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 2006.

Summary:

Created in 1947, the Central Intelligence Agency plays an important part in the intelligence activities of the United States, and is currently playing a vital role in the "war on terrorism." While the agency is often in the news and portrayed in television shows and films, it remains one of the most secretive and misunderstood organizations in the United States. This work provides an in-depth look into the Central Intelligence Agency and how its responsibilities affect American life.

After a brief history of the agency, individual chapters describe its organization, intelligence/counterintelligence, covert operations, controversies, key events, and notable people.

Contents:

1 A Brief History of the CIA / Richard Immerman 1

U.S. Intelligence from the Revolution through World War II 2

The Dissolution of OSS and the Origins of the CIA 3

The Creation of the CIA 9

The Early Years of the CIA, 1947-1949 11

The Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 and Reorganizing the CIA 14

The Origins of CIA Covert Operations 15

The Directorship of Walter Bedell Smith 18

The Directorship of Allen Dulles 22

CIA Covert Operations during the 1950s 25

The Origins of CIA Technical Intelligence-the U-2 and CORONA 28

The Bay of Pigs Invasion 34

The Directorship of John McCone and the Cuban Missile Crisis 37

The CIA and the Vietnam Crisis 40

The Nixon Presidency and the CIA 46

Watergate and the Church and Pike Committee Investigations 49

The Post-1975 Debate over the CIA 52

The Iranian Hostage Crisis 54

President Reagan "Unleashes" the CIA 57

The Iran-Contra Affair 59

The End of the Cold War and the Collapse of Communism 61

Afghanistan, Iraq, the Balkans-and the CIA's Post-Cold War Role 63

A New Threat-Islamic Terrorism 67

The September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack 70

The Second Iraq War 71

Reorganizing the Intelligence Community 79

2 The Liaison Arrangements of the Central Intelligence Agency / Loch Johnson 85

The Organizational Framework of American Intelligence 85

The National Security Council 86

The Director of National Intelligence 86

Accountability 88

The Organization of the Central Intelligence Agency 89

Cultures in Conflict 90

The Directorate of Intelligence (DI) 90

The Directorate of Operations (DO) 90

The Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T) 91

The Difficulties of Managing the CIA 92

CIA Liaison within the Executive Branch 93

The White House 93

The Policy Departments and Agencies 94

The Intelligence Community 95

Dikes to Contain Centrifugal Forces 96

Gorillas in the Stovepipes 97

Liaison Challenges within the Executive Branch 98

Value Added 98

The Importance of Marketing 99

Rapport, Yes-Politicization, No 101

CIA Liaison with the Legislative Branch 102

A Failure to Communicate 103

The Key to Successful Legislative Liaison: Executive Branch Cooperation 105

The Barrier of Excessive Secrecy 106

Member Motivation 107

Reporting Requirements 108

Co-optation 109

CIA Liaison with Foreign Intelligence Services 110

The Raison d'Etre for Intelligence Cooperation 110

The Scope of Foreign Intelligence Liaison 111

Counterintelligence Liaison 113

Covert Action Liaison 113

The Risks of Foreign Liaison 114

Liaison with International Organizations 116

3 A World of Secrets: Intelligence and Counterintelligence / John Prados 121

Early Cold War 123

Intelligence Comes of Age 127

Technological Spying: The U-2 and Other Interception Projects 127

The Cuban Missile Crisis 130

The CORONA Project and Communications Interception 131

The Polyakov Defection and HUMINT 131

The Directorate of Science and Technology 132

Vietnam 134

Retrenchment and Reagan 138

The Team B Exercise 138

The People's Republic of China 139

Soviet Defense Capabilities 141

Central America, the Nicaraguan Contras, and Afghanistan 144

1985-"The Year of the Spy" 145

Brave New World 146

The New World of Snakes 148

The Counterterrorist Center 148

The Clinton Presidency and the New Terrorist Threat 149

The September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack, the Iraq War, and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 152

4 A New Agency: The Origins and Expansion of CIA Covert Operations / Athan Theoharis 155

Origins of CIA Covert Operations: NSC 4A, NSC 10/2 156

Office of Policy Coordination and the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 158

Iranian and Guatemalan Coups 159

NSC 5412 162

South Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia 164

Bay of Pigs and Operation MONGOOSE 167

Assassination Planning: Congo, Dominican Republic, South Vietnam, Chile 169

Congress for Cultural Freedom, National Student Association, Operation CHAOS 172

Hughes-Ryan, Angola, Intelligence Oversight Act 176

Iran-Contra 179

Terrorism, al Qaeda, the Kean Commission 185

5 Lapdog or Rogue Elephant? CIA Controversies from 1947 to 2004 / Kathryn Olmsted 189

The Creation of the Agency and the "Internal Security" Ban 190

The 1950s: Unquestioned Support 192

The 1960s: A New Era of Scrutiny 193

Operation CHAOS 195

The Kennedy Assassination and CIA Conspiracy Theories 196

The CIA and Watergate 198

The Post-Watergate Investigations and the "Year of Intelligence" 202

Frank Church and the "Rogue Elephant" 203

Otis Pike and the Imperial Presidency 206

Watchdogs and Whistle-Blowers 208

Internal Conflicts: Team B, the Helms Perjury Case, and the Nosenko Affair 211

The "Year of the Spy" 213

The CIA and Iran-Contra 215

Dark Alliance: The CIA and Drugs 221

The Failure of Intelligence before 9/11 222

The "Sixteen Words" and Intelligence Manipulation 225

6 Biographies of Important CIA Administrators / Richard Immerman, Kathryn Olmsted, John Prados, Athan Theoharis 231

7 Chronology of Key Events / Athan Theoharis 307.

Notes:

"Annotated bibliography": pages 337-356.

Includes index.

ISBN:

0313332827

OCLC:

61162186