An introduction to the history of psychology / B.R. Hergenhahn.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hergenhahn, B. R., 1934-2007.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Psychology--History.

Psychology.

History.

Physical Description:

xix, 678 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

Australia ; Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth, [2005]

Summary:

Dreams puzzled early man, Greek philosophers spun elaborate theories to explain human memory and perception, Descartes postulated that the brain was filled with "animal spirits," and psychology was officially deemed a "science" in the 19th century. In AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY, author B.R. Hergenhahn shows you that most of the concerns of contemporary psychologists are manifestations of themes that have been part of psychology for hundreds--or even thousands--of years. The book's numerous photographs and learning tools, along with its coverage of fascinating figures in psychology, engage you and will help you understand the material in each chapter. Chapter summaries, discussion questions, end-of-chapter glossaries, and a Book Companion Website will all help you prepare for success on your next exam.

Contents:

Problems in Writing a History of Psychology 1

Why Study the History of Psychology? 3

What Is Science? 5

Revisions in the Traditional View of Science 7

Is Psychology a Science? 12

Persistent Questions in Psychology 15

Chapter 2 The Early Greek Philosophers 26

The World of Precivilized Humans 26

Early Greek Religion 27

The First Philosophers 28

Early Greek Medicine 34

The Relativity of Truth 37

Plato 41

Aristotle 44

The Importance of Early Greek Philosophy 51

Chapter 3 After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life 59

Skepticism and Cynicism 59

Epicureanism and Stoicism 61

Neoplatonism 64

Emphasis on Spirit 66

The Dark Ages 73

The Arabic and Jewish Influences 74

Reconciliation of Christian Faith and Reason 77

Scholasticism 77

William of Occam: A Turning Point 83

The Spirit of the Times Before the Renaissance 84

Chapter 4 The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy 89

Renaissance Humanism 89

Further Challenges to Church Authority 93

Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo 94

Isaac Newton 100

Francis Bacon 102

Rene Descartes 106

Chapter 5 Empiricism, Sensationalism, and Positivism 117

British Empiricism 117

French Sensationalism 147

Positivism 152

Chapter 6 Rationalism 163

Baruch Spinoza 164

Nicolas de Malebranche 168

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 168

Thomas Reid 172

Immanuel Kant 175

Johann Friedrich Herbart 178

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 181

Chapter 7 Romanticism and Existentialism 189

Kierkegaard and Nietzsche 207

Chapter 8 Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology 211

Individual Differences 211

Discrepancy Between Objective and Subjective Reality 211

Bell-Magendie Law 212

Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies 213

Hermann von Helmholtz 215

Ewald Hering 220

Christine Ladd-Franklin 221

Early Research on Brain Functioning 222

The Rise of Experimental Psychology 228

Chapter 9 Voluntarism, Structuralism, and Other Early Approaches to Psychology 240

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt 241

Volkerpsychologie 248

Edward Bradford Tichener 249

Chapter 10 The Darwinian Influence and the Rise of Mental Testing 269

Evolutionary Theory Before Darwin 269

Charles Darwin 273

Sir Francis Galton 277

Intelligence Testing After Galton 281

The Binet-Simon Scale in the United States 289

Intelligence Testing in the Army 296

The Deterioration of National Intelligence 298

Chapter 11 Functionalism 307

Early U.S. Psychology 307

Characteristics of Functionalistic Psychology 309

William James 309

Hugo Munsterberg 318

Granville Stanley Hall 324

Francis Cecil Sumner 327

Functionalism at the University of Chicago 332

Functionalism at Columbia University 336

The Fate of Functionalism 344

Chapter 12 Behaviorism 352

The Background of Behaviorism 352

Russian Objective Psychology 353

John B. Watson and Behaviorism 363

William McDougall: Another Type of Behaviorism 377

Chapter 13 Neobehaviorism 387

Positivism 387

Logical Positivism 387

Operationism 388

Physicalism 389

Neobehaviorism 389

Edward Chace Tolman 390

Clark Leonard Hull 396

Edwin Ray Guthrie 400

B. F. Skinner 404

Behaviorism Today 411

Chapter 14 Gestalt Psychology 418

Antecedents of Gestalt Psychology 418

The Founding of Gestalt Psychology 420

Isomorphism and the Law of Pragnanz 424

Perceptual Constancies 427

Perceptual Gestalten 428

Subjective and Objective Reality 430

The Gestalt Explanation of Learning 431

Productive Thinking 434

Memory 436

Lewin's Field Theory 437

The Impact of Gestalt Psychology 440

Chapter 15 Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness 446

Early Explanations of Mental Illness 447

Early Approaches to the Treatment of Mental Illness 448

Gradual Improvement in the Treatment of Mental Illness 454

The Tension Between the Psychological and Medical Models of Mental Illness 461

The Use of Hypnotism 462

Chapter 16 Psychoanalysis 473

Antecedents of the Development of Psychoanalysis 473

Sigmund Freud 475

Early Influences on the Development of Psychoanalysis 477

Studies on Hysteria 481

Freud's Self-Analysis 483

The Psychopathology of Everyday Life 485

Freud's Trip to the United States 486

A Review of the Basic Components of Freud's Theory of Personality 487

Freud's View of Human Nature 492

Freud's Fate 494

Revisions of the Freudian Legend 495

Evaluation of Freud's Theory 499

Chapter 17 Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis 507

Anna Freud 507

Carl Jung 510

Alfred Adler 513

Karen Horney 516

Chapter 18 Humanistic (Third-Force) Psychology 523

The Mind, the Body, and the Spirit 523

Antecedents of Third-Force Psychology 524

Phenomenology 525

Existential Psychology 526

Humanistic Psychology 536

Comparison of Existential and Humanistic Psychology 546

Chapter 19 Psychobiology 556

Karl S. Lashley 556

Donald O. Hebb 558

Roger W. Sperry 560

Behavioral Genetics 562

Chapter 20 Cognitive Psychology 571

Developments Before 1950 571

Developments During the 1950s 573

Developments After the 1950s 574

Artificial Intelligence 576

Information-Processing Psychology 579

New Connectionism 581

Chapter 21 Contemporary Psychology 589

The Diversity of Contemporary Psychology 589

The Tension Between Pure, Scientific and Applied Psychology 592

Psychology's Status as a Science 598

Postmodernism 600

Is There Anything New in Psychology? 603

Appendix Significant Individuals and Events in the History of Psychology 608.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 615-649) and indexes.

ISBN:

0534554016

0534554067

OCLC:

56356106