Managing power electronics : VLSI and DSP-driven computer systems / Nazzareno Rossetti.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Rossetti, Nazzareno, 1951-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Integrated circuits--Very large scale integration.

Integrated circuits.

Semiconductors.

Signal processing--Digital techniques.

Signal processing.

Physical Description:

xix, 383 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Other Title:

VLSI and DSP-driven computer systems

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Interscience, [2006]

Summary:

This publication presents state-of-the-art power management techniques for modern electronic appliances that rely on such very large-scale integration (VLSI) chips as CPUs and DSPs. The author thoroughly covers all aspects of the field, including semiconductor manufacturing processes, packages, circuits, functions, and systems. A unique and significant contribution to the field, the publication adopts a "system focus" by first presenting the appliance and then delving into the power management architecture and topologies that best serve each appliance.

In addition to specific techniques and applications, the publication discusses fundamental physical and socioeconomic issues. For example, the author examines Moore's law and its effect on power management and heat dissipation, which points to a future breakthrough needed to continue the fast pace of advancement in the high-tech industry.

The author provides a solid technical foundation and an analysis of popular electronic applicances, including: Overview of the semiconductor industry, Plain-English discussion of semiconductor processes and packages, Step-by-step guide to analog design building from the transistor to higher-level functions, leading to the implementation of a complete voltage regulator, Popular DC-DC voltage regulation architectures, AC-DC architectures for power conversion, Ultra-portable devices, such as cellular phones, PDAs, and digital still cameras, Desktop and notebook PCs.

The publication concludes with a chapter on special power management topics and an expert forecast of future directions for the field. This is essential reading for researchers, engineers, and designers in the semiconductor and integrated circuits industries. With its extensive use of cross-section drawings as well as transistor circuit schematics, this is also a recommended textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in computer sclence and electrical engineering.

Contents:

1.1 Technology Landscape 1

1.2 A Young Industry after All 4

2 Power Management Technologies 9

2.2 Integrated Circuits Power Technology: Processing and Packaging 10

Diodes and Bipolar Transistors 10

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Transistors 15

DMOS Transistors 16

CMOS Transistors 17

Passive Components 17

A Monolithic Process Example 18

Packaging 18

2.3 Discrete Power Technology: Processing and Packaging 20

From Wall to Board 20

Power MOSFET Technology Basics 21

Package Technologies 23

2.4 Ongoing Trends 24

3 Circuits 25

Part I Analog Circuits 26

3.1 Transistors 26

NPN 26

PNP 27

Trans-Conductance 27

Transistor as Transfer-Resistor 28

Transistor Equations 29

MOS versus Bipolar Transistors 30

3.2 Elementary Circuits 32

Current Mirror 32

Current Source 32

Differential Input Stage 33

Differential to Single Input Stage 34

Buffer 35

3.3 Operational Amplifier (Opamp) 35

Inverting and Non-Inverting Inputs 36

Rail to Rail Output Operation 37

CMOS Opamp 37

Opamp Symbol and Configurations 38

DC Open Loop Gain 38

AC Open Loop Gain 39

3.4 Voltage Reference 41

Positive TC of [Delta]V[subscript BE] 41

Negative TC of V[subscript BE] 41

Build a [Delta]V[subscript BE] 42

Building a Voltage Reference 43

Fractional Band-Gap Voltage Reference 44

3.5 Voltage Regulator 46

3.6 Linear versus Switching 48

3.7 Switching Regulators 49

3.8 Buck Converters 49

Switching Regulator Power Train 50

Output Capacitor 52

Electrolytic Capacitors and Transient Response 52

Ceramic Capacitors 53

Losses in the Power Train 55

The Analog Modulator 56

Driver 57

Switching Regulator Block Diagram 58

Switching Regulator Control Loop 58

Input Filter 61

Input Inductor L[subscript IN] 61

Input Capacitor 62

Current Mode 63

3.9 Flyback Converters 64

Part II Digital Circuits 66

3.10 Logic Functions 67

NAND Gate 67

Set-Reset R Flip-Flop 67

Current Mode with Anti-Bouncing Flip-Flop 68

4 DC-DC Conversion Architectures 71

4.1 Valley Control Architecture 71

Peak and Valley Control Architectures 72

Transient Response of Each System 75

Valley Control with FAN5093 76

4.2 Monolithic Buck Converter 79

A New Design Methodology for Faster Time to Market 79

The Design Cycle 80

The FAN5301 81

The Behavioral Model 82

Light Load Operation 82

Full Load Operation 83

Over-Current 83

One Shot 83

Comparator 83

Results 84

Timing 86

4.3 Active Clamp 87

Application 88

Test Results 94

4.4 Battery Charging Techniques: New Solutions for Notebook Battery Chargers 97

High Efficiency 97

The Smart Battery System 98

Data Conversion 98

Fast Charge 98

Battery Charger System 99

4.5 Digital Power 100

Control Algorithm of Modern Switching Regulators: Analog or Digital? 100

Fast Switchmode Regulators and Digital Control 103

5 Offline (AC-DC) Architectures 107

5.1 Offline Power Architectures 107

Offline Control 108

PFC Architecture 111

DC-DC Conversion Down to Low Voltage 116

Future Trends 118

5.2 Power AC Adapter: Thermal and Electrical Design 119

Introduction: The Challenge 119

AC Adapter Power Dissipation 119

AC Adapter Case Temperature 120

Active and No-load Operation 121

Development of a Solution 121

6 Power Management of Ultraportable Devices 125

6.1 Power Management of Wireless Computing and Communications Devices 125

The Wireless Landscape 125

Power Management Technologies for Wireless 126

Cellular Telephones 127

Wireless Handheld 129

Charge 131

Protection and Fuel Gauging 131

Convergence of Cellular Telephone and Handheld 132

Future Architectures 133

6.2 Power Management in Wireless Telephones: Subsystem Design Requirements 134

Smart Phone Subsystems 134

Display Board 135

Keypad Board 136

Main Board 136

Battery Pack 137

AC Adapter 138

6.3 Powering Feature-Rich Handsets 139

Growing Complexity and Shrinking Cycle Time 139

Power Management Unit 140

Low Dropouts (LDOs) 141

6.4 More on Power Management Units in Cell Phones 142

Barriers to Up-Integration 143

PMU Building Blocks 143

CPU Regulator 144

Low Dropout Block 145

The Microcontroller 146

The Microcontroller Die 147

Processing Requirements 148

Microcontroller-Driven Illumination System 148

6.5 Color Displays and Cameras Increase Demand on Power Sources and Management 150

Digital Still Camera 151

Camera Phones 152

Power Minimization 155

Untethered Operation 155

7 Computing and Communications Systems 157

7.1 Power Management of Desktop and Notebook Computers 157

Power Management System Solution for a Pentium III Desktop System 158

Power Management System Solution for Pentium IV Systems (Desktop and Notebook) 160

Desktop Systems 162

Powering the Silver Box 168

Notebook Systems 168

Future Power Trends 173

7.2 Computing and Data Communications Converge at the Point of Load 174

The Proliferation of Power Supplies 174

Telecom Power Distribution 174

Computing Power Distribution 175

Multiphase Buck Converter for POLs and VRMs 176

7.3 Efficient Power Management ICs Tailored for DDR-SDRAM Memories 178

DDR Power Management Architecture 178

Worst Case Current Consumption 179

Average Power Consumption 180

Transient Operation 181

Standby Operation 181

Linear versus Switching 182

Second Generation DDR-DDR2 182

FAN5236 for DDR and DDR2 Memories 183

Future Trends 185

7.4 Power Management of Digital Set-Top Boxes 185

Set-Top Box Architecture 185

Power Management 186

High Power Set-Top Boxes 186

Low Power Set-Top Boxes 190

7.5 Power Conversion for the Data Communications Market 192

Current Environment with Separate Networks 193

Migration to Converged Voice/Data/Video IP 193

Telecom-48 V DC Power Distribution 193

Datacom AC Power Distribution 194

8 Future Directions and Special Topics 199

8.1 Beyond Productivity and Toys: Designing ICs for the Health Care Market 199

8.2 Power Management Protocols Help Save Energy 200

ACPI 201

Motherboard (DC-DC) Voltage Regulators 201

Offline (AC-DC) Voltage Regulators with Power Factor Correction (PFC) 202

Green Power (Energy Management) 203

New Low Power System Requirements 204

8.3 Heat Disposal in Electronics Applications 205

Active versus Passive Cooling 205

Limits of Passive Cooling 206

Active Cooling 206

Active Cooling-Yes or No? 207

Active Cooling Implementation 209

8.4 Web Based Design Tools 211

The Tools on the Web 211

8.5 Motor Drivers for Portable Electronic Appliances 213

Camera Basics 213

Motors and Motor Drivers 214

Driving Implementation 214

Efficiency 216

DSC Power Consumption 216

A Fairchild Specifications for FAN5093 219

B Fairchild Specifications for FAN4803 237

C Fairchild Specifications for FSD210 and FSD200 251

D Fairchild Specifications for FAN5307 271

E Fairchild Specifications for ACE1502 285

F Fairchild Specifications for FAN5236 319

G Fairchild Specifications for FAN8702 341.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 371-372) and index.

ISBN:

047170959X

OCLC:

61169749

Publisher Number:

9780471709596